Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding
“Generally speaking, the balance between knowledge and being is more important than the development of one or the other of them separately. In any case, the separate development of knowledge or being is undesirable. But it is precisely this one-sided development that people often find particularly attractive. “If knowledge takes precedence over being, a person knows, but cannot do. This is useless knowledge. If being takes precedence over knowledge, a person is able to do, but does not know. In other words, he can do something, but does not know what exactly to do. The existence that he has achieved becomes aimless, the efforts expended turn out to be useless. “There are numerous examples in the history of mankind when, due to the predominance of knowledge over being or being over knowledge, entire civilizations perished.”
—What are the results of developing a line of knowledge without being or developing a line of being without knowledge? - someone asked during a conversation on this topic.
“Development of the line of knowledge without development of the line of being produces a weak yogi,” answered Gurdjieff. - In other words, a person knows a lot, but cannot do anything; this is a person who does not understand (he pronounced these words with emphasis) what he knows, a person who does not have the correct assessment, that is, a person for whom there is no difference between one type of knowledge and another. And the development of the line of being without knowledge produces a stupid saint, that is, a person who can do a lot, but does not know what to do or why to do it; if he does something, he acts in accordance with his subjective feelings, which can lead him far astray and force him to make serious mistakes, that is, to do something opposite to what he wanted. In both cases, both the weak yogi and the foolish saint come to a stop; none of them is able to move and develop further.
“To understand this, in order to generally understand the nature of knowledge and being, as well as their relationship, it is necessary to understand how knowledge and being relate to “understanding.” “Knowledge is one thing, understanding is another. “People often confuse these concepts and do not clearly see the difference between them.
“Knowledge in itself does not give understanding; and understanding is not increased by the growth of knowledge alone. Understanding depends on the relationship of knowledge to being; it is the resultant of knowledge and being. And knowledge should not depart too far from being, otherwise understanding will be too far from both. At the same time, the relationship between knowledge and being does not change due to the simple growth of knowledge. They change only when being and knowledge grow simultaneously. In other words, understanding increases only with an increase in the level of being.
“In ordinary thinking, people do not distinguish understanding from knowledge. They think that greater understanding depends on greater knowledge. So they accumulate knowledge - or what is called knowledge - but they do not know how to accumulate understanding; and this question itself does not bother them.
“Still, a person accustomed to self-observation knows that at different periods of his life he understood the same thought, the same idea in completely different ways. It often seems strange to him how he could so misunderstand something that now, in his opinion, he understands correctly. At the same time, it is clear to him that his knowledge has not changed, that before he knew as much about the subject as he knows now. What then has changed? His life has changed. And since it became different, its understanding also became different.
“The difference between knowledge and understanding will become clear when we see that knowledge can be a function of one center; but understanding is a function of the three centers. Thus the thinking apparatus can know something. But understanding appears only when a person feels and senses everything connected with it. “Earlier we talked about mechanicalness. A person cannot say that he understands the idea of mechanicalness if he only knows it with his mind. He must feel it with his whole body, with his whole being - and then he will understand...
“In the field of practical activity people are very well aware of the difference between mere knowledge and understanding. They see that just knowing and knowing how to do something are two different things. Knowing how to do something is not created by knowledge alone. But beyond practical life people do not understand what “understanding” is.
“As a rule, people see that they don’t understand some thing, and then they try to find a name for what they “don’t understand.” And when they find a name for it, they say they “got it.” But “find the name” does not mean “understand”. Unfortunately, people are usually content with words. A person who knows a lot of names, i.e. very many words, considered to have great understanding. But this happens, of course, again outside of practical activity, where his ignorance is revealed very quickly.”
“One of the reasons for the divergence between the lines of being and knowing in life, the lack of understanding which is partly the cause and partly the consequence of this divergence, is to be sought in the language that people speak. This language is full of false concepts, incorrect divisions and associations. And most importantly - due to the essential, characteristic features of everyday thinking, its vagueness and imprecision - each word can have thousands of different meanings in accordance with the material that the speaker has at his disposal and the complex of associations operating in him at the moment. People do not understand to what extent their language is subjective, how different things each of them expresses with the same words. They do not realize that each person speaks his own language and understands the other person's language very little or not at all.
At the same time, people do not even imagine that they all speak languages that are incomprehensible to each other. They are firmly convinced that they speak the same language and understand each other. In fact, this confidence has no basis. The language they speak is suitable only for practical life. People can communicate practical information on it; but as soon as they move into a slightly more complex area, they immediately become lost and cease to understand each other, although they are not aware of it. People imagine that they often, if not always, understand their neighbors, at least they are able to understand them if they want, they imagine that they understand the authors of the books they read, that other people understand them. This is one of those illusions that people create for themselves and live among. In reality, none of them understands the other person. Two people with deep conviction say the same thing, but call it differently - and argue endlessly with each other, not suspecting that they think exactly the same way. Or, on the contrary, they say the same words and imagine that they agree with each other, that they have reached mutual understanding, but in reality they say completely different things, without understanding each other in the slightest.
"If we take the most simple words, which are constantly found in speech, and we try to analyze the meanings that are given to them, we will see that at any moment of his life, every person puts into each such word a special meaning that another person would never put into this word and would not even assume .
Home /Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill"
Dear authors! Please note that new issues of the journal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" are downloaded at http://journals.mosgu.ru/zpu. All relevant information is also there.
BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
IN THE FIELD OF HUMANITIES
ATTENTION!
Due to the fact that on the websites of some unreliable organizations specializing in writing “turnkey dissertations”, information was found that for a certain fee it is possible to urgently publish articles in publications included in the List of leading peer-reviewed journals of the Higher Attestation Commission, the Editorial Board informs that this is contrary to the legislation of the Russian Federation and asks the authors to refrain from dubious services of scammers.
We again draw the attention of the authors to the fact that the publication of articles in the journal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" are carried out FOR FREE, the grounds for publication are compliance with the rules for preparing articles (published on websites
and www.mosgu.ru), and the decision of the editorial board based on the results of the examination and taking into account the competition for materials sent for publication. The editors value the reputation of the journal and do not take any “thank you” for publishing articles by graduate students and doctoral students. If you are asked to pay for the publication of your article in the journal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill”, please immediately inform the deputy editor-in-chief or the executive secretary of the journal about this by phone and email indicated on the websites indicated above.December 1, 2015 A list of peer-reviewed scientific publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the scientific degree of Candidate of Sciences, for the scientific degree of Doctor of Science in the following groups of scientific specialties should be published: 09.00.00 - philosophical sciences; 23.00.00 - sociological sciences; 24.00.00 - cultural studies.
May 19, 2014 Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Ability" is included in, in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the academic degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published.
May 25, 2012 Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" is included in the List of Russian peer-reviewed scientific journals in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the academic degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published, edition 2012.
June 17, 2011 Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Umenie" is included in the List of Russian peer-reviewed scientific journals, in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the scientific degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published (list of journals of the Higher Attestation Commission).
April 8, 2011 Information about the journal was included in the international reference system for periodicals and continuing publications "Ulrich's Periodicals Directory".
September 27, 2010 Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" is included in the List of Russian peer-reviewed scientific journals, in which the main scientific results of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published (list of journals of the Higher Attestation Commission).
March 5, 2010 By decision of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated February 19, 2010 No. 6/6, a new edition of the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications was approved.
May 8, 2008 The journal was included in the Russian Science Citation Index.
April 24, 2008 Published new edition List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications (valid since April 2008).
Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Umanie” is included in the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published (list of journals of the Higher Attestation Commission) in specialties pedagogy, psychology, philology, art history, philosophy, sociology and cultural studies.
November 30, 2006 by the decision of the Higher Attestation Commission, the journal of the Moscow Humanitarian University “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" is included in the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences in the specialties of pedagogy, psychology, philology, and art history should be published.
January 23, 2004 magazine of the Moscow Humanitarian University “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" is registered by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Press, Television and Radio Broadcasting and Mass Communications (registration certificate PI No. 77-17275) as a periodical publication covering the results of fundamental and applied research in the field of the humanities.
Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" for sale in the bookstore of the Moscow Humanitarian University at the address: 111395 Moscow, st. Yunosti, 5, bldg. 3 (1st floor). Subscribe You can buy the magazine at any post office Russian Federation according to the Rospechat Catalog “Newspapers. Magazines"). Subscription index - 20881 .
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Rules for registration and conditions for accepting articles to the journal
"Knowledge. Understanding Skill"
(published 4 times a year)
Articles are accepted without payment.
1. Volumes of articles. The Editorial Board accepts articles of no more than 12,000 characters (including spaces) - for applicants for the degree of Candidate of Sciences, no more than 30,000 - for Doctor of Sciences. In calculating the volume of the article not included abstract, keywords, bibliography, References, information about the author in Russian and English languages.
2. Text formats. The file must be in RTF format, entitled with the author's last name (authors' last names separated by a hyphen). Pages must be numbered.
Text is typed in Microsoft Word format. Dimensions of the main text of the article: font size 14, spacing 1.5; margins: left - 3 cm, top, right and bottom - 2 cm each.
Paragraph indentation 1.25 (set in the “Format”, “Paragraph” options; do not use the spacebar and tab keys to indent).
Abstract, keywords, notes, list of referenced literature, References, information about the author are formatted in font size 14, spacing 1.0).
Notes (indication of the grant - a footnote on the first page), endnotes - notes in the text) - 12 point, spacing 1.0.
(A sample of a fully correctly formatted article can be downloaded after step 7).
3. Design of the article. At the beginning of the article (on the first page, in the center) are given in Russian:
- article title;
- initials and surname of the author (authors);
- name of the organization the author represents ( if necessary, two organizations may be named; if the authors work in different organizations, they are indicated after the surname of each author);
- abstract and keywords in Russian ( “Width” alignment, no indentation);
- indication of the source of funding ( if the work is carried out under a grant).
Then the text of the article is posted. The structure of the article, as a rule, includes: introduction (characterization of the relevance of the topic and the degree of its scientific development), an indication of the purpose and objectives of this article, designation of the methods used, presentation of the results, conclusion. Individual blocks of content are highlighted subheadings (designed with “Centered” alignment, lowercase, bold italics).
After the text of the article are located ( "Width" alignment):
- bibliography;
- title of the article in English;
- initials and surname of the author (authors) in English;
- name of the organization (organizations) represented by the author (authors) - in English;
- information about the source of funding for the study - in English. language;
- References (a list of references in which the bibliographic description of works in Cyrillic is transliterated into Latin script, and the title of the work is translated into English);
- information about the author/authors in Russian and English.
4. Abstract and keywords. The abstract to the article (author's summary) is intended to serve as a source of information independent of the article. The abstract is a short summary of a larger work, can be published independently, in isolation from the main text and, therefore, should be understandable without reference to the publication itself.
The abstract presents the essential facts of the work without exaggerating the significance of the author's contribution. The structure of the abstract is welcome, reflecting the structure of the article (introduction, goals and objectives, indication of the method, results, discussion, conclusions). It is recommended to create an abstract as an abstract of the article.
The abstract is the main source of information about the article in domestic and foreign information systems and databases that index the journal.
Abstract in Russian:
- must contain at least 200, but no more than 300 words;
- should not include: well-known provisions, quotes, abbreviations, links, abbreviations, unnecessary introductory phrases.
Abstract in English:
- must be compiled in compliance with the grammar and style of the English language, using special terminology accepted in English-language publications;
- should not be performed using automatic translators;
- strive to convey the meaning of the article and, therefore, should not necessarily be a literal translation of the abstract in Russian.
Keywords (no more than 10 words or phrases) should:
- reflect the main content of the article;
- determine the subject area of research;
- appear in the text of the article.
When compiling a list of keywords, it is recommended to test the options prepared by the author in scientific citation systems (RSCI, Scopus, Web of Science), i.e. enter them into the appropriate search forms and view the availability of results.
Links to sources of quotes and other information are provided in the text in brackets: author's last name, comma, year, colon, page. For example: “As A. N. Ivanov writes in his work (Ivanov, 2008: 8), dialogical interactions of cultures...”. If there are several authors, their last names are indicated, separated by commas. For example: “The position of B. N. Bessonov and I. A. Birich is presented in their monograph (Bessonov, Birich, 2013).” If the co-authors of the cited publication have the same surname, the initials of their name are indicated, for example: “In the book Val. A. and Vl. A. Lukovykh (Lukov Val. A., Lukov Vl. A., 2013)...". If the cited publication does not have an indication of authorship, it is indicated by the title in the full or abbreviated version without quotation marks, for example: (History of theoretical sociology. Beginning of the twentieth century, 2010) or (History..., 2010). If an Internet source is indicated, it is formatted as follows: (author [or title of the article, if there is no author], year of publication [if any]: Electronic resource).
The list of literature and References indicates only those sources that the author refers to in the text of the article. ( Examples of design are presented in the Article Design Sample, which is available for download below - after point 7.).
The bibliography is arranged in alphabetical order, first - literature in Russian, then - in other languages.
The description of the source is done in the following order:
- the surname is separated from the author's initials by a comma;
- year of publication of the work in brackets (numbers only);
- title of the work;
- the name of the journal or collection (if this is an article from a magazine or collection of materials), separated from the title of the article by a double slash (//), without quotes,
- output data, excluding the year: for a journal - number and pages of the article; for a collection of articles, conference materials - the city and name of the publishing house.
The output data of monographs, textbooks, and collections of conference materials indicate the publishing house and the total number of pages.
When registering an Internet source, the following must be indicated: the author (if any), the title of the article, after a double slash (//) the full name of the site (portal), the exact link to the document referred to (URL) and in brackets - the date of access.
Archival sources are indicated in the text of the article in parentheses, for example: (TsGA. F. 1, d. 2. L. 15). They are not included in the list of references.
References(list of references in English) is in progress with differences from the list of references in Russian, associated with the peculiarities of recording sources in international databases.
First, the entire list of references according to the LC system is transliterated. To do this, copy the entire list of references and paste it into the online program window http://translit.net/?direction=ru&account=lc, click on the “to translit” button. Copy the resulting text into the file of your article. Then you make corrections and additions in the following order:
1) the order of sources remains the same, as in the list of references;
3) after each title of an article / monograph / collection (except for the name of the journal), insert a translation into English in square brackets. language;
4) it is necessary to remove all double slashes (//), replace them with a dot between the title of the article and the title of the journal, collection, monograph;
5) only the names of journals (or other scientific periodicals), titles of books, collections of articles, and website names are in italics;
6) all city abbreviations must be expanded: M. - in Moscow; St. Petersburg - in St. Petersburg; L. - in Leningrad; N.Y. - in New York, etc.;
7) between the indication of the city and the name of the publishing house, a comma is placed instead of a colon;
8) the names of publishing houses, including abbreviated ones, must be translated (except for their own names), for example. “M.: Nauka” - corrected to “Moscow, Nauka Publ.”;
9) indications on “Volume”, “No.”, “S.”, “p.” (pages) of the publication must be translated into English. “vol.”, “no.”, “pp.” and “r.”;
10) in the output data of journals, everything after the name of the journal is separated by a comma (for example: “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill. No. 3. P. 12–16” - corrected to “ Know. Understand. Umenie, no. 3, pp. 12–16");
11) it is necessary to check the transliteration of the numbers of centuries (XX, XIX, etc.); if it was written using Russian “X”, the program will automatically convert them to “Kh” (for example, it will be “KhKh v.” instead of “XX century”);
12) the names of foreign authors should not be transliterated, but should be given in the original. If you quote any works based on their Russian translation, the automatic transliterator will turn the surname Marx into Marks (need to be corrected to Marx); Moss to Moss (need to be corrected to Mauss); Lévi-Strauss in Levi-Stros (need: Lévi-Strauss), etc.;
13) When correcting the design of Internet sources, the mention of [Electronic resource] is removed and a period is put in its place. After indicating the source site, the following is indicated: Available at: - and the exact link to the document is indicated, then - (accessed 01/13/2014).
14) after each source, it is necessary to indicate the language of the publication published in a language other than English, for example: (In Russ.).
15) If the cited publication was originally published in English, it is recommended not to translate its title back into English from Russian, but to use search engines to find and indicate the original English title. For example: Smith A. A Study on the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. – Smith A. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
6. Special rules for formatting texts. Text notes, if provided in the article, are made in the “endnotes” mode (in the “Insert” - “Link” - “Footnote” option, numbered from 1).
The editors have the right to correct or propose to replace/remove - in agreement with the author - the tables, diagrams, and drawings used in the article (there should be no more than 3 of them in total). Signatures to them are made in two languages at once - Russian and English.
Articles containing special characters and fonts other than Times New Roman are not accepted.
7. Information about the author/authors. Information about the author (in Russian and English) must include last name, first name and patronymic (in full), academic degree, academic title, position, place of work (permanent and place of work where the research is being conducted - if any), membership in scientific communities (academies, unions, etc.), full postal address of the place of work (including postal code), city and country; telephones (work, home with area code or mobile - When publishing, only the work number will be indicated), email address ( Necessarily!).
The authors also indicate their existing personal identification numbers in scientometric databases (in this case, it is mandatory to indicate the RSCI SPIN code) separated by a semicolon as follows: RSCI SPIN code: 5840-5430; ORCID: 0000-0003-1813-3605; SCOPUS: …. etc.
For graduate students, doctoral students seeking academic degrees, it is mandatory to indicate the telephone numbers of the departments and scientific divisions to which they are attached; for postgraduate students (applicants for the scientific degree of Candidate of Sciences) also - information about the scientific supervisor (last name, first name, patronymic, academic degree, title).
Example of correct article formatting: download APPENDIX 1.When preparing an article, the author is recommended to carefully read all the rules, check the sample, and if any questions arise, write to the editorial office.
8. Mandatory accompanying document for the article for graduate students.
Postgraduate students and applicants for the scientific degree of Candidate of Sciences must attach to the article a scanned copy (only in JPG or PDF format, always in color) of an extract from a meeting of the department (scientific sector, laboratory, department, etc.) with a recommendation for the article for publication. The signature of the responsible employee on the extract must be certified by the seal of the personnel department, office or relevant department.
For candidates of sciences and doctors of sciences, an extract is not required.
After the editors have made a decision that the article has been approved for publication, its author(s) are sent license agreement forms (for the right to use a scientific work in the scientific journal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill”), as well as a form of agreement on the processing of personal data.
The author needs to print out these forms, fill them out by hand, sign (and certification of the signature on the consent form for the processing of personal data with the seal of the HR department or the relevant department is mandatory) and within 2 weeks send scanned (necessarily in color) copies of documents to the editorial office by email.
10. Addresses for submitting articles and documents.
The article (for graduate students - along with a scanned copy of the extract), scanned signed forms of the license agreement and consents to the processing of personal data should be sent electronically to the following address: [email protected]. The subject line of the letter states: “Article for the magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill"".
Documents can be brought to the editorial office by writing in advance by e-mail or calling by phone (pass system for entering the university territory).
11. Author's copies. Author's copies are not provided. Authors receive reprints of published articles only in electronic form. In order to receive a journal issue with a publication, authors are recommended to first subscribe to the journal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill". Subscription index of Rospechat is 20881.
Magazines can also be purchased at the Moscow State University kiosk (building 3, 1st floor. Address: Moscow, Yunosti St., 5, building 3. Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 10:00 to 16:30 - no lunch . You can request the editorial office in advance about the availability of the number at the kiosk - by email or by phone).
12. The procedure for reviewing manuscripts and drawing up licensing agreements
Submitted articles are checked in the Anti-Plagiarism system and, in case of a satisfactory result (determined for each article individually based on the ratio of original text fragments, borrowed fragments and the presence of formalized links), undergo internal editorial review (expert assessment) by three reviewers using a double-blind method reviewing (the names of the reviewers are not known to the author(s) of the article being reviewed, the personal data of the author(s) are unknown to the reviewers), and are also selected by competition in connection with the publication plans of the journal.
Reviewers evaluate articles according to the established form according to a number of criteria, including: clarity of the wording of the title of the article, relevance of the topic, priority of the topic for the journal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill”, interest in the topic of specialists and the general reader; compliance of the content of the article with the profile and scientific requirements of the journal; nature of the article (fundamental, interdisciplinary applied, review, abstract); scientific novelty of the problem statement and its solution; usefulness for practice of data, conclusions, recommendations; reliance on authoritative sources, scientific literature; reliance on empirical research data (including those carried out by the author himself); taking into account the journal's requirements for article design, preparation of abstracts and keywords, bibliography and References.
The date of receipt of the article is taken into account when determining the priority of publication.
Average time for reviewing articles - 2–3 months. The author is notified of the acceptance or non-acceptance of the work by email upon request.
When starting work on the pre-print preparation of an article for publication, the producing editor sends the author the first draft of the article with comments to the email address specified by him, which the author must eliminate within no more than 3 months. After this period, the article is withdrawn from production.
The editorial board of the scientific journal of the Moscow Humanitarian University “Knowledge. Understanding. Umanie” is guided in its work by the international ethical rules of scientific publications, including the rules of decency, confidentiality, supervision of publications, consideration of possible conflicts of interest, etc. In its activities, the editors follow the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics and the Ethics Guide scientific publications () from Elsevier.
Responsibilities of editors, editorial board, and reviewers of the journal
Journal editors must evaluate the intellectual content of manuscripts without regard to the race, gender, sexual orientation, religious views, ancestry, citizenship, or political preferences of the authors.
Any manuscript received for review is treated as a confidential document. The editor and editorial board undertake not to unnecessarily disclose information about an accepted manuscript to anyone other than the authors, reviewers, possible reviewers, other scientific advisors, and the publisher. All of them undertake not to use unpublished data obtained from manuscripts submitted for consideration in personal research without the written consent of the author.
Editors, reviewers, and scientific advisors undertake to recuse themselves from reviewing manuscripts in the event of conflicts of interest due to competitive, collaborative, or other interactions and relationships with authors, companies, and possibly other organizations associated with the manuscript.
The Editorial Board undertakes to take adequate response measures in the event of ethical claims relating to reviewed manuscripts or published materials.
Authors of articles must provide reliable results of the work done and an objective discussion of the significance of the research. When requested by the editor, authors must provide all data relevant to the manuscript.
Authors undertake to provide their own, new (not published elsewhere), original work and, in the case of use of works or statements of other authors, must provide appropriate bibliographic references or excerpts.
Plagiarism in all forms is unethical and will not be tolerated.
The authors undertake to submit the article for consideration only to the journal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill". Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time is perceived as unethical behavior and provides grounds for withdrawal of the article from consideration.
Each person comes into this world through birth, and literally from the first moment he is bombarded with huge flow of information, coming through the senses, which the child begins to absorb like a sponge, mastering this world and adapting to it. He grows, learns, matures, acquires knowledge, experience, and all this happens first in the family, among relatives and friends, then continues at school, in the work community, etc. A person learns about this world and develops, mastering knowledge accumulated by previous generations, and also discovers new knowledge for themselves in the process of their activities. At the same time, a person’s new acquired knowledge and experience become the property of the society in which he lives, and other people, in turn, can use them for their development.
Depending on the quality and quantity of acquired knowledge, as well as on the environment in which a person is located, he forms a certain idea of how this world works and what place he himself occupies in it, i.e. a certain worldview. Before continuing, it is necessary to define the terms at the very beginning in order to equally understand the meaning and essence of the issues being discussed. So, to answer the questions: what is information and what is knowledge, the definitions of Academician N.V. are best suited. Levashova:
« Information- this is the message we receive through our senses about what is happening around and inside us. Knowledge is nothing more than information that is meaningful and understood by us about what is happening around and inside us.”
It must be borne in mind that the information on the basis of which knowledge is formed can be true or false, therefore, knowledge can be both true and false.
In its turn, true– this is the content of our knowledge that does not depend on the subject. For example: the statement “The earth turns” is true, and it does not depend on what a person thinks about it. The depth of understanding of truth depends on the level evolutionary development person.
When studying worldview We can distinguish three stages of consistent ideological development of the world: “attitude”, “worldview”, “worldview”.
By the way, man differs from animals in that he can control your emotions, is able to pose questions to himself, and then seek and find answers to them, developing his brain, his thinking, acquiring knowledge with the help of which he can understand the world around him, follow the path of development, and this path sooner or later, if there is desire and will leads to truth.
Real knowledge is power, having which you can change the world for the better without destroying yourself and nature. Otherwise, a person who is not interested in knowledge and ignores it becomes ignorant, who is very easy to control by hanging “noodles” on his ears (giving false knowledge) and do whatever you want with it. Such a person, whether he understands it or not, at best, stops in his development, and at worst, he follows the path of degradation and sinks to the level of an animal.
Now let’s discuss the question: what knowledge has priority (and does it have it) over other knowledge for the development and formation on the basis of this knowledge of a certain worldview, both for an individual and for society as a whole, because knowledge is different from knowledge?
For example, knowledge of cooking is important because... the health of one or more people depends on it. But, for example, knowledge of human laws, and on their basis the creation of control technologies, allows you to simultaneously manipulate the consciousness of a huge number of people, while people will not even realize that someone is controlling them against their will. Therefore, knowledge that relates to various spheres of life can be arranged in descending order of the importance of this knowledge for the spheres of human life, and the formation of a worldview based on false or real information depends on the quality of this knowledge. In the first case it is degradation, in the second – development.
Knowledge about the structure of the world
The religious point of view on how the world works is very simple: God created everything in the world, and everything people are “servants of God”(this applies equally to leading religious teachings: Judaism, Islam and Christianity, which have the same roots, as well as various esoteric teachings, only God there has different names: the Absolute, Higher intelligence etc.). For example, in the Old Testament, which has almost a thousand pages, the description of how this happened and how everything in the world works takes up a little more than a page (Gen. “Creation of the World”). And all this is presented as truth in last resort, because ministers claim that these are revelations of God, transmitted through Moses to all people.
For a person who has at least a little convolutions in his head and who has not forgotten how to think for himself, all this cannot be called anything other than the ravings of a madman. Previously, those who disagreed with this point of view were declared heretics and simply burned at the stake. Currently, they are even ready to accept the “Big Bang” theory with the caveat that these are also the works of God, although God himself did not say anything about this. It turns out that church ministers arrogate to themselves the right to interpret the word of God, depending on the current situation. A very “convenient” position of the church, based on outright lies and designed for ignorant people, it allows you to “dust the brains” of those who do not have developed thinking and put all this nonsense into their consciousness, as a result, the shepherd (shepherd) receives another sheep into his flock (flock).
The worldview of such a person is based only on faith in what the priest says, because many, due to their ignorance, do not read the word of God, the Bible, and even there, with careful and conscious reading, you can find a lot of interesting things, from which many people can open their eyes. and the highest hierarchs of the church simply use it as a tool for enriching themselves and maintaining power by forming in people a religious worldview based on faith in God, but this has nothing to do with reality.
To the question: “Who or what is God?” there is no intelligible answer, except that he is unknowable to our minds and silence... And he is also All-Seeing, All-Knowing, All-Loving, Almighty and a lot of different Everything... And at the same time, many wars and crimes in which a huge number of people died are presented , How deeds pleasing to God(for example, the Crusades). With his name on the banners, people, bearers, were destroyed by the hands of the clergy. true knowledge, books, any material artifacts that reveal all the lies of the religious worldview.
And here, what are we teaching our children: quote from the textbook “Man. Society. State. Tutorial for 11th grade”: “The specifics of religion are the worldview and attitude, as well as corresponding behavior, determined by a person’s faith in the existence of supernatural forces (God) and the feeling of connectedness with them and dependence on them. God is the highest subject religious faith, a supernatural being with extraordinary properties and powers." Question: What worldview do these statements form? Answer: any, with the exception of worldview, based on worldview.
Let's ask ourselves another simple question: can God lie? The answer suggests itself: of course not, because only the Devil can deceive. Now look how clergy lie shamelessly. I will give just one example of a blatant lie: that the Slavs did not have writing before Cyril and Methodius. But what about the initial letter, the Glagolitic alphabet, the lines and cuts, the runic writings of the Slavic-Aryans? And such. Do you think that the church hierarchy does not know the truth? Draw your own conclusion.
Scientific point of view in most cases, cannot give an intelligible and reasonable answer to how the world works, due to the fact that she knows nothing about 90% of the matter of the Universe, and building a picture of the world on the knowledge of 10% is absurd, this is clear even to a child, After all, you can’t put together a picture from one cube if it’s drawn on ten. Having accumulated a huge amount of factual information about the physical world, understanding the essence of the ongoing processes modern science No. Not knowing the true laws of nature, but observing only their manifestations, science follows the wrong path of knowledge, destroying nature, the environment and leading humanity to death.
Everything that contradicts the “generally accepted” theories of official science, even if the postulates of these theories have long been refuted by the scientists themselves (for example: the postulates on which Einstein is built are false) is considered the ultimate truth, and everything that does not agree with the official point of view of science community is declared pseudoscience. At the same time, “academics” assert the infallibility of their position with their authoritative opinion, and this opinion is imposed on everyone else.
Often this has nothing to do with reality, and a worldview based only on “authoritative” opinions, even from the most titled scientists in different areas knowledge (physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, pedagogy...) are no different from religious knowledge. Thereby science turns into religion.
For example: scientists have long tried to find the so-called "Divine particle"(Higgs boson) using the hadron collider, and recently announced that they seemed to have discovered it and even wanted to drink for it. They believe that after the Big Bang, when the Universe began to form, electrons moved around randomly, but when they began to interact with the “Higgs Field” (it is formed from Higgs boson particles), they slowed down and gained mass and structure, thereby forming the physical composition of the Universe .
“The Higgs field is like thick syrup,” explains Dr Alan Barr, a nuclear physicist at the University of Oxford, “it traps particles that move around and turns them into matter.” Experts are not 100% sure that this is the “God Particle” itself, but they agree that the found particle is very similar to it. “It's almost a Higgs boson,” Barr said. “You could say it's a very close relative of the particle, but we have to look at the finer details to know more about it,” he added.
Explanation as in kindergarten : protons and electrons already existed, but they did not have mass, which means that they are not protons and electrons, but something else.
J. Orwell(“Year 1984”): “Whoever controls the past controls the future, and whoever controls the present has omnipotent control over the past.”.
Knowledge of the moral laws of human development, as a biological species built into the ecological system of the earth and occupying a certain niche, allows you to consciously choose a creative path of development or a destructive one. In the first case, this path is based on moral standards inherent only REASONABLE beings, such as honor, conscience, nobility, compassion, self-sacrifice, love (in the spiritual sense of the word), etc., giving the opportunity for endless development, which allows, under certain conditions, to reach the level of creation. This path is not easy, it requires a person to have enormous willpower, fortitude, hard work and great responsibility, but at the same time it brings great joy of creativity.
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