Lost civilizations. Hapi is the kind and generous god of the Nile, the lord of floods that bring fertile silt to the fields. Who is the god Hapi
The name of the god of the Nile, Hapi, is not usually included in the pantheon of great gods of Egypt. However, this does not mean that he did not enjoy special respect and honor among the ancient Egyptians. The reason for such inattention to Hapi is apparently explained by the fact that researchers have at their disposal almost exclusively texts and drawings related to the funeral cult, and the Nile was identified with earthly life.
Earlier, speaking about Osiris, we emphasized in his image the fusion of the features of god and man. In addition, Osiris was the ruler kingdom of the dead, and in this capacity he was accompanied by the patron of the dead, Anubis - a god in the form of a jackal or with the head of a jackal (dog). However, we must not forget about another hypostasis of Osiris - as a dying and resurrecting god. And if Anubis was his companion among the dead, then among the living the divine Nile was compared with him.
Hapi was revered as the god of the Nile, the giver of moisture, and the patron of the harvest. He was not only a powerful natural body, but also a cosmic deity, the offspring of the primordial Nun. The center of his cult was the area of the rapids - the Gebel-Silsile gorge and the island of Elephantine. Here he was usually depicted as a man with a ram's head. However, he was worshiped in both Upper and Lower Egypt; their emblems - lotus and papyrus respectively - were his attributes.
Most often, Hapi appeared in the form of a large, fat man with a large belly and female breasts, with a papyrus tiara on his head and with vessels filled with water in his hands.
He was identified, as is generally typical for the Egyptian pantheon, with other gods Amun, Osiris, but most often with Sebek, the god of water and the floods of the Nile. Se-bek's popularity was especially great in the Nile Delta, which was infested with crocodiles, so this god was depicted as a man with a crocodile head. True, at times Sebek acted as a deity hostile to Ra and Osiris, as a representative of the dark forces of evil. But such contradictions did not bother the Egyptians, who knew how to distinguish mythological characters from real objects.
In this regard, one more god should be mentioned - Khnum, who was considered the guardian of the sources of the Nile and the god of fertility (ram-headed). He was believed to have power over human destiny, and this is not surprising considering how much the waters of the Nile and its annual floods, fertilizing the fields with fertile silt, meant to the well-being of the Egyptians.
The Egyptians understood a long time ago that the Nile and its silt are the key to the sustainability of life in the Nile Valley (and also, we add, to the extraordinary stability of the Egyptian civilization, which did not experience catastrophic soil depletion). This is evidenced, in particular, by the hymn to the Nile, fragments of which are given below:
Glory to you, Nile, emerging from the earth,
Coming to revive Egypt.
Irrigator of the fields, created by Ra,
To revive all animals.
Filling the desert, alien to water.
Its dew descends from heaven...
If he hesitates, his breathing is interrupted
And people are getting poorer.
If he is angry, there will be trouble throughout the country,
Great and small are becoming poorer.
And he rises - and the earth rejoices,
And all living things are in joy.
Everyone's back shakes with laughter,
Each tooth chews vigorously.
Bringer of bread, abundant in food,
Creator of everything beautiful.
Filling barns, expanding granaries,
Caring for the poor too.
Producing trees according to anyone's desire,
And there is no shortage of them.
They don't know where he's from
And their caves were not found in the scriptures.
Your youths and your children rejoice
And they greet you like a king.
Constant in customs,
Facing south and north.
Light coming out of darkness!
Fat for his cattle!
This is the power that creates everything,
And no one lives in ignorance of it.
In this hymn, the Nile appears not so much in the guise of a deity, but as a great creation of nature (by the way, this river is the longest in the world). Some poetic phrases hide references to natural phenomena. Thus, the expression “if he hesitates” means a delay in the flood of the Nile, and the anger of the Nile is not associated with its powerful floods, as one might assume, but, on the contrary, with a low rise of water, which was perceived as a punishment for people.
When the flood of the Nile is likened to the rising of the Sun, the river takes on a resemblance to the life-giving celestial body. The “consistency in the customs” of the Nile (its floods) and the fact that thanks to this there is abundant food for livestock are praised quite rightly.
Of particular note is the reference to the abundance of trees. In all likelihood, in those days the Nile Valley was not sparse in groves, or even forests. With the development of shipping, and then monumental construction, forests in the Nile Valley began to disappear, and at the same time the onset of deserts began. And only regular floods of the Nile saved Egyptian civilization from being swallowed up by the Sahara, as was the case with the prehistoric cultures of that gigantic region, which is now the greatest desert in the world.
Among the many Egyptian gods, there were some that the Egyptians simply could not help but worship - these are the great gods of the great river: the crocodile bok Sebek and the god who personifies the flood of the Nile - Hapi. There are many legends and historical monuments associated with them, beautiful fairy tales and terrible legends, such as the sacrifice of virgins.
Hapi
God of fertility
Hapi was not just the god of the Nile, he personified its most fertile and very specific state of annual flood. Whether the Nile flooded or did not flood depended on whether the harvest would grow and whether the entire people of Egypt would have food. Therefore, its flood state was expected, welcomed and very much feared that it might not come. “The river flood made the flooded areas of the valley and delta unusually fertile, so the prosperous Agriculture These areas made it possible to make supplies, stored in high conical barns, the number of which was proud of the households of the temples, the king and large nobles. Sometimes the flood, on the contrary, was devastating and destroyed everything, leading to famine and desolation, which claimed many hundreds of lives” (V. Solkin). It is no wonder that the Nile flood received its own god - Hapi.
Hapi was depicted as a man of anthropomorphic (human) forms, often with a large belly and female breasts, developed muscles and reproductive organs, which symbolized the fertility of the Nile silt, which Hapi spreads across the fields, fertilizing them and giving strength for a new harvest. Hapi wore a headdress made of aquatic plants and reeds, and his face was adorned with a long beard.
Every year, on the eve of the Nile flood, all of Egypt honored Hapi during a traditional holiday, in which the entire people, led by the pharaoh, took part. Hapi was a symbol of wealth and abundance, and therefore wealthy people loved to compare themselves with this god. To say “rich as Hapi” meant to recognize the strength, wealth and power of the person in respect of whom these words were spoken. During the Hapi festival, many thousands of sacrifices were made in the form of special flat flasks or bottles filled with wine, oil or milk. These bottles or flasks, accompanied by lists of gifts inscribed on clay tablets - ostracons or on papyri, were thrown into the river with wishes for a happy flood and a fruitful year. There is also an unconfirmed version that some pharaohs sacrificed their own daughters to Hapi by drowning them in the Nile. There is no actual data about this, but echoes ancient legend can still be heard today in the ritual of the so-called Feast of the Bride of the Nile, during which state leaders throw a doll dressed in the fashion of the era of the pharaohs into the Nile.
In the Egyptian pantheon of gods, Hapi was closely associated with Isis, from whose single tear, according to legend, the Nile began. Hapi was worshiped throughout the country, but the largest sanctuaries dedicated to Hapi were found on the islands of Elephantine and Philae - in the upper Nile. Today we can see a beautiful relief depicting Hapi on the throne of the colossal statue of Ramesses II in the Luxor Temple. True, here Hapi appears before us not in the exaggerated anthropomorphic (human) form of a fat god of fertility, but in a standard image Egyptian god- tall and slender. They say that by standing near this relief and making a wish, you can find material well-being.
Sebek - god and crocodile
The crocodile lies
And in his teeth
It's not the fire that burns -
The sun is red
Stolen sun...
Korney Chukovsky, “Stolen Sun”
It is clear that such a high dependence of the Egyptians on the annual floods of the Nile could not but be reflected in Egyptian mythology and cosmogony. The time of flood was considered the time of revival of all the life-giving forces of the river and the nature of its valley. The Egyptians saw this event like this: on the night of the Nile flood, the great primordial mother Neit, who was also revered in some areas as the creator of the entire universe, gives birth and breastfeeds her son Sebek - “the mighty Nile crocodile, the lord of the blessed flood of the river, the patron saint of hunters and fishermen, the ruler inhabitants of coastal papyrus thickets" (V. Solkin). It was Sebek who was credited with the invention of the fishing net.
The ferocity and terrible jaws of Sebek, according to legends, scare away the forces of evil and darkness from the great gods whom he protects... Sometimes, in his ferocious incarnation, Sebek can be an extremely aggressive deity, the enemy of Osiris and Ra; in addition, the hieroglyph depicting a crocodile served as a qualifier in words such as “aggression”, “lust” (V. Solkin). Therefore, Sebek was also considered a symbol of male strength and fertility.
Great and terrible
Since the author of this article did not have the opportunity to personally communicate with the Nile crocodile, here is a description of this animal made by traveler Margaret Murray: “This animal in itself is dangerous enough to cause respectful fear. The ability to lie hidden, indistinguishable from a log thrown onto the river bank, and then attack with lightning speed, incredible strength and strong skin turn it into an insidious and formidable enemy. It feels equally at home both in the water and on the shore, overcomes long distances in both elements and has no equal in ferocity among other predators. There is no salvation for anyone who falls into his mouth, be it a man or an animal. It is not surprising that, fearing him, the tribes that inhabited the Nile Valley in ancient times tried to appease him, like many others primitive people, apparently believing that by becoming a totem, the animal will stop devouring them. Before the advent of steam boats on the Nile, the river was swarming with crocodiles, who exacted a heavy toll from people and animals.” In Silsila, from antiquity until the mid-twentieth century, a heavy chain was pulled between two rocks on both sides of the river, which, as they say, detained crocodiles, preventing them from passing through the narrow one.
Sebek was the main deity of some nomes (regions) of Egypt. His especially ardent admirers lived in Kom Ombo, the Fayum oasis and in Hawar, where many temples were built to the glory of the crocodile god, at each of which a sacred lake was dug, where deified crocodiles lived. During life and after death, crocodiles were decorated with gold rings and tiaras, their bodies were embalmed and buried in clay sarcophagi in temples.
The holiness of the crocodile also extended to its victims: “Herodotus wrote that in Egypt, near the cult center of the god Sebek, a special attitude was established towards those people who became victims of the crocodile. “If any Egyptian or... foreigner,” wrote Herodotus, “is dragged away by a crocodile... then the inhabitants of the city where the corpse washed up on the shore are certainly obliged to embalm him, rite him as richly as possible and bury him in a sacred tomb. Neither family nor friends are allowed to touch his body. The priests of the god Nile themselves bury the deceased with their own hands as some kind of higher being than man.” The body of a person who was killed by a sacred animal itself became a sacred object" (Alexander Bezzubtsev-Kondakov, portal "T-E-X-T").
The Russian writer Ivan Efremov describes a colorful scene of keeping such a sacred crocodile in his novel “Thais of Athens”. True, its main character Thais has to endure many unpleasant moments, waiting for the attack of the huge sacred crocodile to whom she was intended as a sacrifice. But this is most likely a literary fiction, since there is no evidence of human sacrifices Sebeku did not survive. The sacred crocodiles, of course, were fed, but not with human meat. There is historical evidence of this from Strabo, who in his “Geography” talks about visiting the city of Arsinoe in Fayum: “The city was formerly called Crocodilopolis. The fact is that in this nome the veneration of the crocodile is highly developed; they have one such sacred animal, kept separately in the lake and tamed by the priests. It's called dry. They feed the animal with bread, meat and wine; This food is always brought with them by strangers who come to contemplate the sacred animal. Our host, one of the officials who initiated us into the mysteries there, came with us to the lake, taking from dinner some flatbread, fried meat and a jug of wine mixed with honey. We found a crocodile lying on the shore of the lake. When the priests approached the animal, one of them opened its mouth, and the other inserted a cake, then meat, and then poured in the honey mixture. Then the animal jumped into the lake and swam to the other side. But when another stranger approached, also carrying with him an offering of the firstfruits, the priests took gifts from him; then they ran around the lake and, having found a crocodile, in the same way gave the food they had brought to the animal” (Strabo, “Geography” XVII, 38, 748, quoted from V. Solkin).
Crocodile worshipers and sun worshipers
The crocodile has always evoked horror, mixed with disgust. Those for whom horror prevailed over disgust revered the crocodile as a god. Those whose disgust was stronger than horror hated and despised crocodiles. Such differences in views created a unique Ancient Egypt a situation of confrontation between crocodile worshipers and sun worshipers (or falcon worshipers, since the falcon was a symbol of the solar deity). Why unique? Because the Egyptians are an exceptionally conservative and God-fearing people who did not renounce any gods - their own or alien ones - and worshiped all of them with great zeal. However, genetic fear of the reptile turned out to be an insurmountable obstacle for some Egyptians, preventing them from worshiping Sobek.
In the most ancient times, the cult of the crocodile was the original belief of all Egypt, in historical times Sebek was the supreme deity of the Fayum, to the exclusion of all other local gods. “In Upper Egypt the crocodile was deified with the primitive god Set, and when the cult of Set aroused enmity on the part of the worshipers of Osiris, the crocodile as the god of many regions of Egypt acquired a bad reputation” (M. Murray). From here grew enmity between the crocodile worshipers from Kom Ombo, who deified the crocodile, and the solar cult worshipers from Dendera, which Juvenal captured in his “Satires”:
“Between neighboring Tentira and Ombo there is still a fire
The flame of ancient enmity: their ancient feud is immortal,
An incurable wound of grief and extreme rage
The crowd shows on both sides, because
Localities both deities hate neighboring ones, considering
Correct faith in one’s own gods only.”
(Translation by F.A. Petrovsky)
Strabo also did not leave unnoticed the hatred of the inhabitants of Dendera for the crocodile worshipers from Kom-Omb: “Here the population, in contrast to other Egyptians, treats the crocodile with special disgust, for them it is the most hated of all animals. Although other Egyptians know the viciousness of the crocodile and how harmful this animal is to the human race, they nevertheless respect it and refrain from offending it; the inhabitants of Tentira, on the contrary, hunt down and exterminate crocodiles in every possible way... the inhabitants of Tentira have such “invulnerability” against crocodiles that they do not suffer at all from them, but even fearlessly dive and swim through the crocodile-infested water, which no one else would dare to do "
The heyday of the cult of Sebek occurred during the reign of the XII dynasty of the pharaohs and during the Second Intermediate Period, when the pharaohs began to add the name of this god to their name and such pharaohs as Sebekhotep (Sebek is pacified) or Nephrusebek (The Beauty of Sebek) appeared. Gradually, the cult of Sebek assimilated with the cult and the solar deity and Sebek began to be considered one of the incarnations of the god Amun. Figuratively speaking, in the end the sun worshipers defeated the crocodile worshipers.
While in Egypt, do not forget to buy a basalt figurine depicting the sacred Nile crocodile in the markets of Cairo or Aswan, and upon returning home, place it near the entrance - the crocodile will protect you from the bad thoughts of visitors and will not let wealth out of your home.
Literature:
- Solkin V.V. and others. Ancient Egypt. Encyclopedia. – M.: Art-Rodnik, 2008.
- Egypt / ROUGH GUIDES / Trans. from English T.G. Lisitsina, G.S. Makharadze, A.V. Shevchenko. – M.: AST: Astrel, 2009.
- Cox S., Davis S. Ancient Egypt from A to Z / Transl. from English A. Bushueva. – M.: AST MOSCOW, 2008.
- Murray M. Egyptian temples. Dwellings of the mysterious gods / Trans. from English T.M. Shulikova. - M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2008.
- Videman A. Religion of the ancient Egyptians / Transl. from English L.A. Karpova. – M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2009.
- Erman A. Life in Ancient Egypt / Trans. from English I.A. Petrovskaya. – M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2008.
All sacred symbols, symbols of power, jewelry, clothing, furniture and even vessels for household use of the pharaohs served the same purpose - to preserve and transmit to the future sacred secrets about the divine Universe . For example, games in ancient Egypt - The sacred origins of games of antiquity - Senet from ancient Egypt, chess, backgammon and a number of other games.
Let's turn to the sacred Nilu – Hapi:
The origin of the name Hapi is unknown. , perhaps earlier the Nile River itself was called this way, since then it has become customary to say that the Nile originates between Mu-Hapi And Kher-Hapi, where two tributaries flow into a common channel (Lake Victoria gives rise to one of the tributaries). However, Hapi was not just a god of the Nile. He was friends with Geb (god of the earth) and with “Lord Neper” (god of grain).
Variety of others distinctive features Hapi, varied depending on the region of Egypt and the availability of images of this god. For example, in Lower Egypt, it was decorated with images of papyri and frogs, which lived in this region and were symbols of this land. At the same time, in Upper Egypt it was decorated with lotus flowers and crocodiles, which large quantities were present in this area and were symbols associated with the god Hapi . Hapi often depicted making offerings of food or amphoras with streams of water pouring from them, in rare cases he was depicted as a hippopotamus.
When the gods Egyptian pantheon depicted in pairs (husband/wife), from God Hapi from time to time a wife appeared named Meret (meaning " darling"). However, the Nile was connected to the earth, and Hapi said, that he will become the husband of the patroness of the earth; in Upper Egypt . She was a goddess Nekhbet, and in Lower Egypt the goddess Wajit . After some time, he began to be identified with the primordial ocean Nun, whose wife Naunet was created in the primordial waters, together they personified the sky and were the first of the gods of the Hermopolitan Ogdoad.
It was believed that Hapi lived in a cave in one of the sources of the Nile, near Aswan. Mostly a cult Hapi I was at Elephantine. Priests of God Hapi carried out special rituals to provide Egypt with stable annual river floods. The priests of Elephantine had a special measuring device " nilometer", with the help of which it was possible to predict and control the level of incoming water.
Excerpt from Anthem of the annual spill Nila:
Feeding the flock
Mighty image of everything
Nobody can live without him
People are dressed in clothes made from flax that grows in its fields
You ennoble all lands and saturate them constantly,
Coming down from heaven ».
Rice. 2. The picture on the left shows a pharaoh sitting on a throne. At the base of the throne there is a rectangle with a symbolic image denoting the concept - union, association
. In the center of the image in the form of a letter T hieroglyph - Sma – unite. On the right this fragment is shown on an enlarged scale. "During the 19th Dynasty, Hapi was often depicted as a pair of figures, each holding and stretching a long stem of a plant, symbolically linking Upper and Lower Egypt
. This image is also a separate hieroglyph meaning “ union». This symbol was often carved into the base of the throne on which he sat.
pharaoh "
A COMMENT:
He who says: “This cannot be, this cannot happen,” let him look into the Unseen. Every day God makes sure that the Earth learns the secrets of His creation. (from " Teachings of Ankhsheshonq» 1st millennium BC) .
Let's start our research. Let's turn to the original ancient Egyptian artifacts depicting Hapi. One of the famous artifacts is Relief depicting Hapi- unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt from Temple of Amon in Luxor. XIX dynasty, XIII century. BC.
Rice. 3. Relief depicting Hapi (heavenly Nile)- unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt. Temple of Amun in Luxor. XIX dynasty, XIII century. BC e. Cairo Museum.
Let's combine this image on the Relief with the matrix of the Universe.
Rice. 4. The figure shows the result of the combination Relief– with image Hapi– the unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt with the matrix of the Universe. The image was combined with the matrix at the transition point between the Upper and Lower worlds of the matrix of the Universe. A– area where two sacred Tetractysov. In the upper and lower triangle - Tetractys is located in 10 positions (circles) of the matrix of the Universe. IN– the horizontal bracket shows the location of vertical hieroglyphic records on the Relief. The top of the pyramid of the Lower world of the matrix of the Universe coincided with “ knot"on the Relief, which is pulled between two " image
» Hapi. « Knot
" and the top of the pyramid of the Lower World of the matrix are circled in bold. Below in the picture this is the place of the Relief (“ node
") will be shown in a larger scale. The exact alignment of all the main details of the image on the relief with the matrix of the Universe is clearly visible. From this follows the obvious conclusion that the image on the relief was made on the basis of “ basis - template
”, which acted as the matrix of the Universe. We see the image of the Relief, and “ basis - template
", which related to the sacred knowledge of the priests, becomes to us " visible
"only after combining the Relief with the matrix of the Universe.
Rice. 5. The figure shows on an enlarged scale " node
", which is pulled together by two " image
» Hapi.
Rice. 6. There are known ancient Egyptian drawings in which, as “ Uniters» Upper and Lower Egypt not depicted Hapi (heavenly Nile
), A Gore And Set. The plot of the drawings was similar. On the image Gore on the left, and Set on right.
Compatible with the matrix of the Universe is the image on the Relief and the hieroglyphic record “ Name» Hapi (heavenly Nile ).
Rice. 7. The figure shows the result of combining with the matrix of the Universe the image on the Relief and the hieroglyphic record “ Name» Hapi (heavenly Nile
). At the top of the picture is written the phrase “ O creator of light, coming from darkness
..." from the hymn quoted above. Excerpt from the Hymn of the Annual Flood of the Nile
: « O creator of light, coming from darkness
, Feeding the flock, Mighty image of everything
, Nobody can live without him
, People are dressed in clothes made of flax that grows in its fields, You ennoble all lands and feed them constantly, Coming down from heaven
" From this text it becomes clear that for the priests of ancient Egypt, God Hapi was " creator of light coming from darkness
" Therefore the river Nile, which gave life to living beings on the land of Egypt, was " made
"priests with an earthly analogue" Heavenly Nile - Hapi
" In fact, people simultaneously worshiped the original divine Hapi and its earthly counterpart - Nile River. Therefore, we can consider the hieroglyphic notation “ Name» Hapi in the matrix of the Universe as “ Stream of light from the heavenly Nile - Hapi
" This " light
» « descends
"from the Upper World to the Lower World of the matrix of the Universe or from " of the invisible world", which the Egyptian priests called in the hymn darkness
. The hieroglyph is shown on the left Sma – Sema (Sma or Sema), which translates – union, association
, and is actually the ending " Name» Hapi. Then the whole recording HapiSma- translated - Hapi the unifier. The unifier of two worlds – the Upper and Lower worlds of the matrix of the Universe!!
Say that Hapi unifier Upper and Lower Egypt based on the position " Relief"in our drawing is not entirely correct, since from our work - Secret knowledge of the Egyptian priests about the matrix of the Universe. Part two. Nomes of Egypt in the section " Egyptology"We know that in the ideas of the priests " Upper Egypt» was located above the 20th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe
, A "Lower Egypt" extended below this level
. And one more important note. If we turn to our work - the Runic alphabet of Futhark, Odin, Valhalla, Brahma and Zeus in the matrix of the Universe in the section " Author's articles", then we will see that it was from the 20th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe and below that the following worlds were located: In ancient Egypt - " Lower Egypt", in German-Scandinavian mythology, the kingdom Odin (Asgard, Valhalla), in the Vedas ancient india– kingdom Lord Brahma, V Greek mythology- the kingdom of the supreme Olympian god Zeus! Is this an amazing coincidence?! Rather, we see an example of the continuity of sacred knowledge of ancient sages from different countries and peoples
.
"Heavenly Rivers"
"Heavenly Rivers", similar Hapi to Nilu « flow " on " land "in the religious traditions of different peoples.
In the Slavic priestly book - “ Velesova Book» — "RA RIVER" flows from the 24th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe . We talked about this in an article on the website - The sacred meaning of the first chapter of the Veles book Glorification of the Great Triglav, in the section “ Ancient Slavs", Figure 10.
Space of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe from the 24th and below in Hinduism is space Sada Shiva(Always good Lord Shiva) Mantra Om Namah Shivaya for addressing Lord Shiva in the matrix of the Universe, section “ Prayers and mantras", Figure 11.
Lord Shiva, which " four levels higher » in the matrix of the Universe Lord Brahma, famous for taking on his " head » crushing flow heavenly river Ganga:
Rice. 8. The descent of the Ganga from the sky, which is awaited Shiva, Bhagiratha, Parvati (spouse Shiva) and bull Nandi(Mount - vahana
Lord Shiva)».
Thus, it becomes clear to us that since - “ At the beginning of time, the Ganga was an exclusively heavenly river, inaccessible on earth, but later it was brought down to Earth …», then at the beginning of the times of the Ganges " was leaking» above the 24th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the universe .
Ancient Egyptian alabaster incense vases
Rice. 9. Perfume vase made of alabaster . Tutankhamun's tomb. Cairo Museum.
Rice. 10. Perfume vase made of alabaster. Egypt.
Rice. eleven. The drawing shows a frontal view of an alabaster vase from the tomb of Tutankhamun. Cairo Museum.
Let's combine the images of Egyptian alabaster vases with the matrix of the Universe. The key to combining images of vases with the matrix of the Universe will be “ node image » Hapi.
Rice. 12. The figure shows the result of combining the frontal image of an alabaster vase for aromatic substances from the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun with the matrix of the Universe. The key to combining the images of vases with the matrix of the Universe was “ node" similar to the one in Figure 5 that two " image» Hapi
. To the right and left of the vase on the table there are figures of two " images
» Hapitemplate
"or the sacred basis for the manufacture of this product by ancient craftsmen. The remaining alignment details are visible in the figure.
Rice. 13. The figure shows the result of combining the image of an alabaster vase for aromatic substances (Figure 10) with the matrix of the Universe. The key to combining the images of vases with the matrix of the Universe was “ node
" similar to the one in Figure 5 that two " image
» Hapi. It can be seen that the image of the vase matched well with the matrix of the Universe, which obviously was “ template
"or the sacred basis for the manufacture of this product by ancient craftsmen. Unfortunately, we were unable to find a frontal image of this vase. For this reason the reader will have to " mentally
» rotate the image to the front position. The remaining alignment details are visible in the figure.
At the beginning of the article, we said that the sages of antiquity, in order to preserve their sacred knowledge about the divine Universe, arranged everything on the territory of ancient Egypt so that it was possible with the help of earthly “ milestones "find by analogy secret knowledge about " heaven " For example, in the sacred The invisible world» matrices of the Universe there were two Egypts – Upper and Lower Egypt. Exactly the same on earth" appeared» two Egypts – Upper and Lower and Nomes of Upper and Lower Egypt . In this work, we found confirmation of our working hypothesis. In the heavens is the divine Hapi, and on earth “ appeared"or an analogue was chosen - the Nile River . Moreover, water flows in the Nile River, and Hapi is in the “Invisible World” flows"from heaven as the divine light that revitalizes and supports everything . What is significant is that “ The invisible world"is primary and acts as the main one in relation to " To the visible world». « Processes " going to " The invisible world" lead to change " processes " V " visible world».
This is confirmed by Figure 4, which shows how two “ image » Hapi pulling together " node» at the top of the pyramid The lower world of the matrix of the Universe. This " node» also tightens on the middle part of the character Sma (Sma), which, in turn, is inscribed or " connects » 1st, 3rd and 5th levels « peaks» pyramids of the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe, and the feet of two exposed legs " images » Hapi rest on the bottom of the hieroglyph Sma (Sma). Therefore, in fact, it turns out that two “ image » Hapi« tie up », « hang " or attach the Lower world of the matrix of the Universe to the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe .
More detailed information about the matrix of the Universe can be obtained by reading the articles on the website in the section “Egyptology” - Secret knowledge of the Egyptian priests about the matrix of the Universe. Part one. Pythagoras, Tetractys and the god Ptah,
One comment: “The light of the heavenly Nile is Hapi in the matrix of the Universe”
Now I’m reading the lines “All sacred symbols, symbols of power, jewelry, clothing, furniture and even vessels for the household use of the pharaohs served the same purpose - to preserve and transmit to the future the sacred secrets about the divine Universe” and involuntarily think: how shattered our human civilization has become . Shards of past knowledge are scattered everywhere. Some icebergs, however, have survived. However, practically everything that is “going on” in our universal human culture, everything that is produced in it, is dummies. How did this happen?! Where is the moment when people turned away from true knowledge?!
How wonderfully you explained the plot with Shiva, who held Alaknanda (Ganga) on his head for 100 heavenly years!!!
“Two “images” of Hapi “bind”, “suspend” or attach the Lower world of the matrix of the Universe to the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe” - so “who” is Hapi? If the matrix of the Universe is “a certain configuration of divine energies,” then it turns out that the hieroglyphic entry of the “Name” of Hapi Sma actually describes the nature of the interaction of “energies - light” in the area of transition between the Upper and Lower worlds of the matrix of the Universe?!
Ancient Egypt and its Gods.
Hapi is the kind and generous god of the Nile, the lord of floods that bring fertile silt to the fields. He makes sure that the banks do not dry out, that the arable lands produce abundant harvests, and that the meadows have good grass for livestock. Therefore, Hapi is one of the most beloved gods, and the grateful Egyptians give him great honors.
The God of the Nile is the husband of the goddess Nekhbet, the patroness of Upper Egypt. This is an elderly, obese man with a plump, saggy belly and feminine breasts. He wears a fisherman's loincloth and wears aquatic plants on his head - most often papyrus. Hapi figurines were usually painted blue - the color of the sky and deity, or green - the color of nature resurrected after the Nile flood.
Sometimes two forms of Hapi are distinguished - the gods of the northern and southern Nile. When Hapi is considered the god of the Upper Nile, he is depicted wearing a headdress of lilies and lotuses. Hapi is identified with Nun as the embodiment of the water element and with Osiris as the god of fertility.
The Nile River is also called Hapi in ancient Egyptian. The Egyptians call the Nile simply - “River”, or “Great River”. The Great River originates in the Afterlife-Duat; its source is guarded by snakes. God Hapi lives in the Gebel-Silsile gorge at the first rapids of the River.
Solar and lunar year. Birth of children Nut
After the world was created and Shu divided heaven and earth, the ruler of the gods, Ra, shone on the earthly throne, marking the beginning of the Golden Age. He lived in Heliopolis, slept in a lotus flower at night, and in the morning soared into the skies and flew over his kingdom in the guise of a falcon. Sometimes it dropped too low, and then a drought began. This happened day after day, year after year.
In those days, the solar year had the same number of days as the lunar year - 360. God Thoth, the lord of time, divided the year into three parts and gave each of them a name: the Flood season, the Shooting season and the Harvest season. This is how the seasons came into being.
Then Thoth divided each season into four parts, 30 days each, and months appeared. The first month of the year was the first month of the Flood - the month of Thoth; it began on the summer solstice. It was followed by the remaining months: Paofi, Atir, Hoyak, Tibi, Mehir, Famenot, Farmuti, Pahon, Payni, Epiphi and Mesori.
The Sun God was very jealous. Having learned that although Shu, on his orders, separated heaven from earth, Nut still cohabited with Geb at night, Ra flew into a rage and imposed a curse on all 360 days of the solar year: from now on Nut could not give birth to children on any day.
The heavenly goddess called out to Thoth in desperation, pleading. about help. After listening to Nut’s plea, Thoth promised to help her.
But how could the promise be fulfilled? Well, whoever, and He knew better than anyone that no one. It is not given to any of the gods to reverse the curse imposed by the Sun God. Any spells and sorceries are powerless against the Word of Ra. And is it even possible to dare to do such a thing - to contradict the ruler? His anger is terrible.
But It was not for nothing that He was known as the wisest of the gods: after much thought, he finally found what to do. If the curses cannot be lifted, then there is only one thing left: to create new days on which Ra’s curse would no longer apply.
In the guise of an ibis, Thoth flew to visit the Moon and invited her to play senet for fun. But for the sake of excitement, to make it more interesting to play. Thoth and the Moon bet 1/72 of the “light” of each of the 360 days of the lunar year. The God of Wisdom easily won, and the Moon, willy-nilly, had to pay.
Thoth's winnings were exactly 5 days. He took them from the Moon - since then the lunar year lasts only 355 days - and added them to the solar year, which from now on became equal to 365 days. He called the 5 days won from the Moon “those above the year”: the five days before the New Year were not counted among any of the months.
The difference between the length of the calendar year (30x12+5=365 days) and the astronomical solar year (365 1/4 days) was not taken into account in the ancient Egyptian calendar. Therefore, every 4 years the beginning of the calendar year and, accordingly, the calendar dates of all holidays shifted by 1 day, “lagging” behind the solar year. Thus, the first day of the first month of the Flood coincided with the summer solstice (June 22) and the beginning of the rise of water in the Nile once every 1460 years (Julian, = 1461 Gregorian years). During this cycle, each calendar day coincided once with each day of the solar year; Spring holidays fell in autumn, summer holidays - in winter, etc. In 238 BC. The Greek king of Egypt, Ptolemy III, made an attempt to bring the calendar and astronomical calendar into line by issuing a decree on the introduction leap year, - but this reform met with decisive resistance from the priesthood and failed.
Such a calendar with a “wandering” year was official, administrative. Along with it, there was a “folk” calendar, in which there were months. and the days were counted according to agricultural periods, and holidays were timed to coincide with them (the rise of water, the beginning of harvest, harvest, etc.). (The above names of months are given according to festivals and refer to the “folk” calendar). In the official calendar, the months had no names and were designated by numerals, and historical events were dated according to the years of the reign of the ruling pharaoh (for example: “The year of the reign of His Majesty the Lord of the Two Lands Nebmaatr - may he live, may he live and may he prosper! - the tenth, the sixteenth day of the second month of Harvest").
He immediately dedicated five new days - “those above the year” - to Ra: the Sun God would not curse, as he had previously cursed all 360 days, and the days dedicated to himself! And, of course, he will appease his anger after such a generous loyal gift!
He was not deceived in his calculations. The Lord forgave him, and the goddess of the sky could henceforth give birth to one child on each of the five days before the New Year. On the first day she gave birth to Osiris, on the second - Horus of Bekhdet, on the third - Seth, on the fourth - Isis and on the fifth - Nephthys.
This is how the four younger gods of the Great Nine were born - the children of Heaven. And in all subsequent years, when the days created by Thoth came, Nut gave birth to stars.
Pa and Apop. Pa's fight against the forces of darkness and darkness
When Ra ascended the throne, the eternal enemy of the Sun, the giant serpent Apep - an evil monster 450 cubits long, attacked the solar god in order to overthrow him and destroy him. Ra entered into battle with the serpent. The bloody slaughter lasted the whole day, from dawn to dusk, and, finally, the Lord of All That Existed won the victory and defeated the enemy. But the evil Apep was not killed: seriously wounded, he dived into the River and swam to the Duat. Since then, Apep lives underground and every night attacks the Boat of Eternity as it sails through the Duat from west to east.
The enemies of the Sun God very often take the form of hippopotamuses and crocodiles. The God of gods every now and then has to repel their hordes in order to protect the world order and law. Other gods help him in this: Shu, Onuris, the warrior god Montu, Khor Bekhdetsky - the son of Ra and Nut, the solar cheetah goddess Mafdet. Together with Ra, they killed the giant crocodile Maga by piercing him with spears.
But most often, evil forces and fiends, trying to destroy the Sun, attack the Boat of Eternity in the guise of snakes. However, Ra and his companions invariably defeat their enemies. Ra killed one of the villains - a giant multi-colored snake - under the sacred sycamore tree of Heliopolis, taking the guise of the Great Cat.
And yet, among the snakes, the Sun God has not only enemies. The uraeus cobra itself destroys the enemies of Ra with its incinerating rays. The Serpent Mehen-ta protects the Boat of Eternity during Ra's journey through the Duat. The snake goddess Merit-Seger guards the tombs of the Theban necropolis, in which the deceased pharaohs rest.
The Legend of Chorus Bekhdetsky, the Winged Sun
In the 36th year of the earthly reign of Ra-Horakhte, the solar god was in Nubia, and with him was his fearless army. Meanwhile, in Egypt, a conspiracy was brewing: the demons of darkness, dissatisfied with the rule of Ra, were preparing for a rebellion. Horus, the son of Ra and Nut, the patron saint of the city of Bekhdet, learned about this.
Ra sailed in his Boat<...>And the Horus of Bekhdet was in the Boat of Ra, and he said to his father Ra-Horakhta:
I see enemies plotting against their mighty ruler!
The Sun God ordered Horus to immediately engage in battle with the conspirators. The choir took the form of a winged solar disk, soared into the heavens and found the enemy camp from above. He prepared for battle, issued a war cry and so quickly attacked the demons of darkness, raged against them so much that he killed the entire horde instantly, and not a single head remained alive.
The triumphant Horus returned to his father's Rook and invited Ra-Horakhte and his daughter Astarte, the warrior goddess and patroness of war chariots, to the site of the massacre to admire the defeated enemies. And His Majesty set off.
The Lord of the World and his retinue contemplated the valley strewn with corpses for a long time. Having enjoyed this spectacle, Ra said to Thoth:
This means that my enemies are punished, and therefore this area will be called Edgbo from now on!
But not all of Ra’s enemies were destroyed by Horus in Egyptian land. There are still many who plot against the ruler. They all turned into crocodiles and hippopotamuses, took refuge in the waters of Hapi, and from there, from an ambush, again attacked the sacred Rook. Then the Bekhdetsky Chorus came with his companions, who followed him like harpooners.<...>They killed crocodiles and hippopotamuses and took away 651 enemies at once.
After this brilliant victory, already the second in a row, the Choir again took the form of a winged solar disk and positioned itself on the bow of the Boat of Eternity, taking with it Nekhbet and Wadget as two uraei frightening enemies. The Solar Boat pursued the enemy army, which had taken flight, throughout Egypt, from the Lower Reaches to the Upper Reaches, and the Chorus won many more victories near different cities. The bloodiest was the last battle - in the Meret region. The Bekhdet choir carried out (there) a great massacre among (the demons) and took away 381 captives and killed them before the Rook of Ra.
Then the lord of the fiends himself, Set, attacked Horus. They fought for a whole hour. And Horus of Bekhdet won again: he captured Seth, chained him in stocks, dragged him by the legs along (Nom Meret) and plunged his spear into his head and back. But Elodei nevertheless escaped: he turned into a roaring serpent and entered the earth in this city (Meret), and was never seen again.
After the final victory over the forces of evil, Ra-Horakhte ordered Thoth to place a winged solar disk in all the temples of Egypt - as a memory of the exploits of Horus.
The Legend of the Extermination of People
It was not only the demons who dared to oppose the great solar god. When Ra, having reigned safely, finally grew old, he became decrepit, and his power weakened; His body became silver, his limbs became gold, his hair became true lapis lazuli, and people took up arms against the Sun God. Having learned about the rebellion that the people of Egypt were planning, Ra called his retinue and ordered the gods:
Let my Eye, the goddess Hathor, appear here. Call also Shu, Tefnut, Geb and Nut, along with the fathers and mothers who were with me when I rested in Nun, as well as Nun himself. Just make sure you bring them secretly so that people don’t see it. Let them come and tell us how to fight the rebels.
The gods immediately carried out the will of their ruler. Soon Nun, Shu, Tefnut, Geb and Nut appeared at the call of Ra to the Great Hall - the earthly palace of the solar god. Seeing Ra sitting on the throne, they fell prostrate at the foot of the throne. Nun asked:
Tell me, O lord, what happened?
“My son Ra,” answered the wise old man Nun. - My son Ra, a god greater than those who created him and those who created him! Strong is your throne, and great is the fear from you - may your Eye be directed against those who insulted you!
Truly! - the other gods agreed. - There is no other Eye that could be in front of him and prevent him. when it descends in the form of Hathor (i.e., there is no force in the world capable of resisting the power of your Eye in the form of Hathor).
Your advice is good,” Ra said after thinking and looked at the people with his Sun-Eye, directing the scorching rays of the uraeus into their camp. But the people were ready for this and managed to hide behind a high mountain in the desert, so the rays did not cause them any harm. Then the Sun God ordered his Eye in the form of Hathor to go into the desert and severely punish the daring, rebellious people.
Hathor-Eye took the form of a female lioness and received the name Sokhmet. She went into the desert, looked for people and, as soon as she saw them, growled fiercely. The fur on her neck stood on end, and a bloodthirsty gleam sparkled in her eyes. Full of rage, Hathor-Sokhmet pounced on the people and began to mercilessly torment them, killing one after another, watering the desert with blood and scattering pieces of meat around her.
Deciding that people had already been punished enough and that from now on they would never again dare to grumble at the sun god, much less rebel against him, Ra said to his daughter:
You have already accomplished what I sent you to do. Stop killing them! Go in peace.
But the formidable goddess did not listen to her father. Baring her bloody fangs, she growled fiercely in response to the ruler of the world:
I have mastered people, and there is sweetness in my heart! I want to destroy them all, I want to drink my fill of the blood of these troublemakers who disobey the gods!
I am strong over them as a king in their extermination (that is, I am a king, and only I have the right to decide whether they should be exterminated or not), objected the wise solar god. - Leave people alone. They have already been punished enough.
But stubborn Hathor-Sokhmet did not want to heed her father’s words. She really enjoyed killing people and drinking their blood. The thirst for revenge and the excitement of the hunt drowned out the voice of reason in her. The ferocious lioness attacked the people again. People fled in horror up the Great River, and the goddess pursued them and killed them mercilessly.
Ra was also horrified when he saw the carnage Hathor had committed. His anger towards people finally passed. The Sun God called to his retinue:
Call me fast-running messengers, until they rush like the shadow of a body! - he gave the order.
Immediately the messengers were brought before the face of Ra. The Sun God said:
Go to Elephaptipou Island and bring me as much of the red didi mineral as you can.
The messengers delivered didi. Immediately Ra, accompanied by his retinue, went to Helionol. There he found a miller and ordered him to crush the red stone into powder, and ordered his maids to grind barley and brew beer.
When the beer was ready, the servants of the Sun God filled seven thousand vessels with it and mixed crushed red didi powder into the beer. The result was a drink that was very similar in color to blood.
Oh, how wonderful this is, [for] I will save people [with this]! - exclaimed the Lord of All That Is. - Gods! Take the vessels, take them to the place where she killed people. Spill this colored beer in the fields, in the valley of the River. Ra's command was immediately carried out. Morning has come. Hathor came in the form of Sokhmet, looked around the place of yesterday's massacre and, seeing a great many blood-red puddles, was delighted. Seized with a thirst for murder, the fierce goddess rushed to drink imaginary blood. She liked the beer; she lapped and lapped at it until she became so drunk that her vision became cloudy, and she could no longer distinguish people. Then Ra approached his daughter and said.
...According to some researchers, there were five thousand gods in Ancient Egypt. Such a huge number of them is due to the fact that each of the numerous local cities had their own gods. Therefore, one should not be surprised at the similarity in the functions of many of them. In our list, whenever possible, we tried not only to give a description of this or that celestial being, but also to indicate the center in which he was most revered. In addition to gods, some monsters, spirits and magical creatures are listed. Our table gives the characters in alphabetical order. The names of some gods are designed as hyperlinks leading to detailed articles about them.
The table of gods can be used in school to prepare 5th grade students.
10 Main Gods of Ancient Egypt
Amat- a terrible monster with the body and front legs of a lioness, the hind legs of a hippopotamus and the head of a crocodile. It lived in the fiery lake of the underground kingdom of the dead (Duat) and devoured the souls of the dead, who were recognized as unrighteous at the trial of Osiris.
Apis- a black bull with special markings on its skin and forehead, which was worshiped in Memphis and throughout Egypt as the living embodiment of the gods Ptah or Osiris. The living Apis was kept in a special room - Apeion, and the deceased was solemnly buried in the Serapeum necropolis.
Apophis (Apophis)- a huge snake, the personification of chaos, darkness and evil. He lives in the underworld, where every day after sunset the sun god Ra descends. Apep rushes onto Ra's barge to swallow it. The sun and its defenders wage a nightly battle with Apep. The ancient Egyptians also explained solar eclipses as an attempt by the serpent to devour Ra.
Aten- the god of the solar disk (or, rather, sunlight), mentioned back in the Middle Kingdom and proclaimed the main god of Egypt during the religious reform of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Unlike most other representatives of the local pantheon, he was depicted not in a “bestial-human” form, but in the form of a solar circle or ball, from which arms with palms extended towards the earth and people. The meaning of Akhenaten’s reform, apparently, was the transition from a concrete-figurative religion to a philosophical-abstract one. It was accompanied by severe persecution of adherents of former beliefs and was canceled shortly after the death of its initiator.
Atum- the solar god revered in Heliopolis, who created himself from the original chaotic Ocean of Nun. In the middle of this Ocean arose the primordial hill of the earth, from which all the land originated. Having resorted to masturbation, spitting out his own seed, Atum created the first divine couple - the god Shu and the goddess Tefnut, from whom the rest of the Ennead descended (see below). In archaic antiquity, Atum was the main solar god of Heliopolis, but later he was relegated to the background by Ra. Atum began to be revered only as a symbol coming in sun.
Bastet- cat goddess from the city of Bubastis. She personified love, feminine beauty, fertility, and fun. Very close in religious meaning to the goddess Hathor, with whom she was often united.
Demon– (Demons) dwarf demons who are favorable to humans with an ugly face and crooked legs. Kind of good brownies. In Ancient Egypt, figurines of Demons were widespread.
Maat- goddess of universal truth and justice, patroness of moral principles and firm legality. Depicted as a woman with ostrich feather on the head. During the judgment in the kingdom of the dead, the soul of the deceased was placed on one scale, and the “feather of Maat” on the other. A soul that turned out to be heavier than a feather was considered unworthy eternal life with Osiris. She was devoured by the terrible monster Amat (see above).
Mafdet– (lit. “fast running”) goddess of harsh justice, protector sacred places. It was depicted with the head of a cheetah or in the form of a genet - an animal from the civet family.
Mertseger (Meritseger)- goddess of the dead in Thebes. She was depicted as a snake or a woman with a snake's head.
Meskhenet- the goddess of childbirth, who enjoyed special honor in the city of Abydos.
Min- a god revered as the giver of life and fertility in the city of Koptos. He was depicted in an ithyphallic form (with pronounced male sexual characteristics). Worship of Min was widespread in early period Egyptian history, but then he faded into the background in front of his own local Theban variety - Amon.
Mnevis- a black bull that was worshiped as a god in Heliopolis. Reminiscent of Memphis Apis.
Renenutet- a goddess revered in the Fayum as the patroness of harvests. Depicted as a cobra. The grain god Nepri was considered her son.
Sebek- the crocodile-shaped god of the Fayum oasis, where there was a large lake. His functions included managing the water kingdom and ensuring earthly fertility. Sometimes he was revered as a kind, benevolent god, to whom people prayed for help in illnesses and life's difficulties; sometimes - like a formidable demon, hostile to Ra and Osiris.
Serket (Selket)- goddess of the dead in the western Nile Delta. Woman with a scorpion on her head.
Sekhmet- (lit. - “mighty”), a goddess with the head of a lioness and a solar disk on her, personifying the heat and scorching heat of the Sun. God's wife Ptah. A formidable avenger who exterminates creatures hostile to the gods. The heroine of the myth about the extermination of people, which the god Ra entrusted to her because of the moral corruption of humanity. Sekhmet killed people with such fury that even Ra, who decided to abandon his intention, could not stop her. Then the gods spilled red beer all over the earth, which Sekhmet began to lick, mistaking it for human blood. Due to intoxication, she was forced to stop her slaughter.
Seshat- goddess of writing and accounting, patroness of scribes. Sister or daughter of the god Thoth. Upon the accession of the pharaoh, she wrote down the upcoming years of his reign on the leaves of the Ished tree. She was depicted as a woman with a seven-pointed star on her head. Seshat's sacred animal was the panther, so she was represented in leopard skin.
Sopdu- a “falcon” god, worshiped in the eastern part of the Nile Delta. Close to Horus, identified with him.
Tatenen- a chthonic god, worshiped in Memphis along with Ptah and sometimes identified with him. His name literally means “rising (i.e., emerging) earth.”
Taurt- a goddess from the city of Oxyrhynchus, depicted as a hippopotamus. Patroness of birth, pregnant women and babies. Drives away evil spirits from homes.
Tefnut- a goddess who, together with her husband, the god Shu, symbolized the space between the earth’s firmament and the firmament. From Shu and Tefnut the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut were born.
Wadget- a snake goddess who was considered the patroness of Lower (Northern) Egypt.
Upout- the god of the dead with the head of a jackal, revered in the city of Assiut (Lycopolis). By appearance and the meaning strongly resembled Anubis and gradually merged with him in one image.
Phoenix- a magical bird with golden and red feathers, which, according to Egyptian legend, flew to the city of Heliopolis once every 500 years to bury the body of its deceased father in the Temple of the Sun. She personified the soul of the god Ra.
Hapi- god of the Nile River, patron of the harvests provided by its flood. Depicted as a man of blue or Green colour(color of Nile water at different times of the year).
Hathor- goddess of love, beauty, joy and dancing, patroness of childbirth and nurses, " heavenly cow" She personified the wild, elemental power of passion, which could take cruel forms. In such an unbridled form, she was often identified with the lioness goddess Sekhmet. She was depicted with the horns of a cow, inside of which there is the sun.
Hekat- goddess of moisture and rain. Depicted as a frog.
Khepri– one of three (often recognized as three attributes of the same being) solar gods Heliopolis. Personified the sun at sunrise. His two “colleagues” are Atum (sun On the Sunset) and Ra (the sun at all other hours of the day). Depicted with the head of a scarab beetle.
Hershef (Herishef) – main god the city of Heracleopolis, where he was worshiped as the creator of the world, “whose right eye is the sun, whose left eye is the moon, and whose breath animates everything.”
Khnum- a god revered in the city of Esne as a demiurge who created the world and people on a potter's wheel. Depicted with the head of a ram.
Khonsou- lunar god in Thebes. Son of the god Amun. Together with Amon and his mother, Mut formed the Theban triad of gods. Depicted with a lunar crescent and a disk on his head.