According to dialectics, the driving force of any development is. Crossword puzzle on the subject Philosophy - on the topic General
K. Marx
Plato
Confucius
The basic laws of dialectics were formulated by G. Hegel. In his work “Phenomenology of Spirit” he formulates three laws of dialectics: 1) the law of unity and struggle of opposites; 2) the law of transition of quantitative changes into qualitative ones; 3) the law of negation of negation.
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Topic: Dialectics of existence
synthesis
analysis
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Topic: Dialectics of existence
change
stability
metaphysics
constancy
A state alternative to stability, a transition from one state to another, is called change. Any changes are correlated with something stable.
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Topic: Dialectics of existence
contradiction
development
TASK N3 report an error
Topic: Dialectics of existence
self-propulsion
transformation
modeling
abstraction
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Topic: Dialectics of existence
A change in an object under the influence of its inherent contradictions, factors and conditions is called...
self-propulsion
transformation
modeling
abstraction
Changing an object under the influence of its inherent contradictions, factors and conditions is called self-motion. The idea of self-propulsion, originating in antiquity, especially important role acquired in the philosophy of G. Hegel, who considered the evolution of existence through the prism of the doctrine of self-contradiction and self-development of the spirit.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
evolution
ontology
movement
broadcast
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Topic: Dialectics of existence
The development process, conditioned by certain determining factors and subject to certain laws, is called...
evolution
ontology
movement
broadcast
The process of development, conditioned by certain determining factors and subject to certain laws, is called evolution. The most famous theory of evolution is the concept of Charles Darwin.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A change in an object under the influence of its inherent contradictions, factors and conditions is called...
self-propulsion
Topic: Dialectics of existence
quality
The essential certainty of an object, due to which it exists precisely as such and not another object, is called quality. Currently, the quality category is defined using the concept of property. There are essential and non-essential properties. The set of essential properties of an object is its quality.
Dialectics of being
probability
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Topic: Dialectics of existence
The quantitative measure of possibility is called...
probability
The quantitative measure of possibility is called probability. Probability characterizes the limits within which possibility exists; it indicates the magnitude of the basis of possibility in reality.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
contradiction
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A state alternative to stability, a transition from one state to another, is called...
change
Topic: Dialectics of existence
An important characteristic of development is...
irreversibility of changes
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The quantitative measure of possibility is called...
probability
Topic: Dialectics of existence
From the standpoint of dialectical materialism, the source of movement is...
contradiction
From the standpoint of dialectical materialism, the source of movement is contradiction. Not all opposites that are in unity constitute a contradiction, for this they must interact with each other.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
From the standpoint of dialectical materialism, the source of movement is...
contradiction
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A state alternative to stability, a transition from one state to another, is called...
change
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The direction of development from lower to higher is called...
progress
Topic: Dialectics of existence
dialectics
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A state alternative to stability, a transition from one state to another, is called...
change
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A state alternative to stability, a transition from one state to another, is called...
change
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The relationship between objects, manifested in the fact that the states or properties of any of them change when the state and properties of others change, is called ...
Topic: Dialectics of existence
Materialist dialectics was developed and substantiated...
F. Engels
Materialist dialectics was developed and substantiated by F. Engels. In his work “Dialectics of Nature,” F. Engels distinguishes between the objective dialectics of nature and the subjective dialectics of thinking.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The basic principles of dialectics, from the standpoint of dialectical materialism, are...
universal communication and development
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A state alternative to stability, a transition from one state to another, is called...
change
Topic: Dialectics of existence
From the standpoint of German classical idealism, the doctrine of the development of reality as a whole is called...
dialectics
From the standpoint of German classical idealism, the doctrine of the development of reality as a whole is called dialectics. Dialectics was presented as the basis of any scientific research.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A new stage of development in dialectics is called...
synthesis
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The realization of a single possibility under certain conditions is called...
necessity
The implementation of the only possibility, in certain conditions there is a need. If in an object, under given conditions, in a certain respect, there is only one possibility that can turn into reality (for example, an object without support falls, a living being is mortal, etc.), then in this case we are dealing with necessity. If, under given conditions, an object has several different possibilities, any of which can turn into reality (for example, when throwing a coin, there is the possibility of one side or the other falling out), then we are dealing with randomness. Necessity and chance are defined as the difference in the ways of transforming possibility into reality.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
A new stage of development in dialectics is called...
synthesis
The new stage of development in dialectics is called synthesis. Synthesis is the unification of everything that was at the previous stages and repetition at the highest level characteristic features, structures of the initial stage.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
Dialectics appeared as an opposition...
metaphysics
Dialectics appeared as an opposition to metaphysics. Historically, there has been a confrontation between these methods of thinking and models of development. Metaphysics absolutized stability and cyclicality, and dialectics considered contradiction to be the basis of development.
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The driving force of all development, according to dialectics, is...
contradiction
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The essential certainty of an object, due to which it exists precisely as such and not another object, is called...
quality
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The essential certainty of an object, due to which it exists precisely as such and not another object, is called...
quality
Topic: Dialectics of existence
The quantitative measure of possibility is called...
“The whole world is a text,” says the philosophical school... hermeneutics
“Truth is an agreement,” the representatives believed... conventionalism
From the point of view of conventionalism, the main criterion of truth is ... agreement between scientists
From the point of view of pragmatism, the main criterion of truth is... success
Analysis of the dynamics of scientific knowledge is becoming one of the central problems in the philosophical school... post-positivism
The attributes of matter are... universal and inherent properties of material objects
B. Spinoza believed that there is only one substance that is the cause of itself - this is ... nature
The basic concept of the materialist approach to history is... socio-economic formation
The existence of a certain class of natural objects (microorganisms, plants and fauna, including humans) is called... life
In Italian philosophy, the image of a utopian state - the city of the Sun - was created... T. Campanella
In Marxist philosophy, the science of the most general laws of development of nature, society and thinking is... dialectics
The following levels are distinguished in thinking: mind, reason
In new European philosophy, the question of the fundamental principle of the world is resolved with the help of the concept ... substance
The modern biological picture of the world is based on the principle of... evolution
The modern scientific picture of the world is based on... theory of relativity
The basis of the philosophical picture of the world is the solution to the problem... of being
Unlike idealism, materialism views the ideal as... a subjective image of objective reality
Within the framework of Chinese philosophy, there is an idea that the world arose as a result of the interaction of the five principles (Wu-hsing), this position in philosophy is called ... pluralism
IN medieval philosophy the source and highest form of being was considered... God
In medieval philosophy, the special status of man in the world order is determined by the fact that he was created ... in the image and likeness of God
In the philosophy of postmodernism, the concept of “simulacra” was introduced, meaning copy of a non-existent original
In the philosophy of the Enlightenment, the main characteristic of a person was considered to be... reason
In philosophy, various historical theories, a certain “philosophy of history” are designated by the term... historicism
In G. Hegel’s philosophical system, the central concept that guides and implements the process of development of all things is... absolute idea
In the twentieth century, the opposition between two social systems – socialism and capitalism – was designated by the term... “bipolar world”
In the ethics of I. Kant, a universal and necessary moral law, independent of the actual conditions of human volition and therefore unconditionally binding, is called ... the categorical imperative
The most important social value is... Human
A. Camus considers the most important essential characteristic of existence... absurdity
The most important component of the material and production sphere is... labor
An important characteristic of development is... the irreversibility of changes
A person’s faith in the world of divine revelation and ideal values is characteristic of _ knowledge. Religious
The relationship between the problem of truth and the analysis of the logical structure of language is the subject of research in philosophical school … neopositivism
The internal content of an object, expressed in the stable unity of all the diverse and contradictory properties of being, is called... essence
The internal dismemberment of material existence is called... structure
The ancient school called for refraining from judgment... skepticism
Questions: is the world knowable, is truth achievable?
– relate to ___________ problems of philosophy.
Epistemological
Questions - what comes first? What is being, substance, matter? – relate to _____________ problems of philosophy. Ontological
Questions - what is good and evil? What is morality, morality, dignity?
– relate to __________ problems of philosophy.
Ethical
Upbringing and education belong to __________ culture.
Performing an ideological function, philosophy formulates... a system of certain values
The expression “Man is a wolf to man” belongs to ... T. Hobbes
The statement “Man is the measure of all things: those that exist in that they exist, and those that do not exist in that they do not exist” belongs to ... Protagoras
The highest degree of value, or the best, completed state of any phenomenon, is called... ideal
The highest form of mental activity inherent in the human way of life is called... consciousness
The highest level of knowledge and ideal development of the world in the forms of theories, ideas, human goals is... thinking
The highest good for man, from the point of view of Renaissance humanism, is... pleasure, happiness
Hegel viewed world history as a natural process of development... of the absolute idea
L. Feuerbach sees the main obstacle to happiness in... alienation of human essence
The main difference between faith and knowledge is... subjective significance
Global problems associated with the catastrophic destruction of the natural basis for the existence of world civilization, environmental pollution, climate change are called... environmental
Global problems associated with an excessive increase in the Earth's population, deteriorating public health, aging populations in developed countries, high birth rates in underdeveloped countries are called ... demographic
An epistemological movement that doubts the reliability of human knowledge and recognizes the relativity of all knowledge is called... skepticism
The driving force of all development, according to dialectics, is... contradiction
The motto “Know thyself” is associated in the history of philosophy with the name of ... Socrates
The activity of receiving, storing, processing and systematizing conscious concrete sensory and conceptual images is called... cognition
The activities of philosophers of the Enlightenment, aimed at criticizing the vices of society and the state that exist on the basis of church institutions, can be designated as ... anti-clericalism
Dialectics appeared as an opposition... metaphysics
Dialectical materialism highlights ... practical activity as the essence of man
The duration and sequence of successive events is called... time
To distinguish between scientific and non-scientific knowledge, K. Popper proposed the principle ... falsification
Medieval philosophy associated with the Christian religion is characterized by... monotheism
A sufficient condition for moral action, according to Socrates, is... knowledge of good
The spiritual value of the human personality in the context of the realities of the twentieth century is defended by the religious-idealistic movement... personalism
The natural end of a single living being, which only for a person acts as a defining moment of his life and worldview, is called... death
The defense of Christian truths from criticism by late ancient schools was called ... apologetics
Knowledge that is directly given to the consciousness of the subject and is accompanied by a feeling of direct contact with cognizable reality is called... experience
Knowledge that deliberately distorts the idea of reality is called... anti-scientific
Play as a universal principle of the formation of human culture was proposed... J. Huizinga
The ideas of Marxist philosophy on Russian soil were developed by... A. A. Bogdanov
An ideology that absolutizes the role of the state in society and assumes widespread and active government intervention in the economic and social life of society is called... statism
The idea of the “end of history” in the modern global world was proposed by... F. Fukuyama
The idea as the fundamental principle of the world was proposed by... Plato
The idea of regression of historical development was proposed by... Hesiod
A change in an object under the influence of its inherent contradictions, factors and conditions is called... self-propulsion
The historically developing set of man-made means that allow people to use natural materials, phenomena and processes to satisfy their needs is called ... technology
A historically stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, material and spiritual culture, is called... a nation
History is a linear forward movement, the logic of which is expressed in the change of socio-economic formations, according to representatives of the ____________ approach.
Formational
The history of human culture, in which there were many original cultural traditions, is called... world culture
The global problems of interstate relations include the problem of... war and peace Natural sciences include...
physics chemistry biology Towards ideal objects scientific knowledge relate …
geometric point, ideal of justice
General scientific methods include... abstraction, analysis, induction To the main forms theoretical knowledge
The features of personal cognition include... dependence on the subject's abilities
The formal logical criteria of truth include the principle... consistency
Among the Socratic schools is the school of ... the Cynics
K. Jaspers believes that the peculiarity of modern technical civilization is that ... technology is only a tool in the hands of man
The picture of the world that emerged in the 17th century, based on the principles of deism, is called ... mechanistic
Classical science is based on the principle of... objectivity
The classic definition of personality in Western European philosophy was given by ... Boethius
The quantitative measure of possibility is called... probability
Concept modern science and philosophy, which considers it necessary to consider the evolution of human society and the biosphere in a single scientific system, is called ... coevolution
The concept according to which personality is considered as the highest value, the meaning of earthly civilization, is called... personalism
The concept that man was created by God is called... creationism
The criterion for the truth of knowledge, from the point of view of the rationalism of R. Descartes, is... evidence, clarity
A cultural community with its own limited circle of adherents, with its own values and ideas, clothing style, language, norms of behavior is called... a subculture
Personality as a special individual entity has become an object philosophical analysis during Middle Ages
Personality as a subject of social relations is characterized by...activity
Materialist dialectics was developed and substantiated ... by F. Engels
An interdisciplinary direction that studies the process of evolution and self-organization of complex systems is called ... synergetics
An international public organization engaged in scientific research of global problems is called ___________ club.
Roman
Metaphysics as a model of development absolutizes... sustainability The ideological position that limits the role of God to the act of creating the world and setting it in motion is called...
deism The variety of objects produced by man, as well as natural things and phenomena modified by human influence, are called...
material culture The thinker who introduced the concept of “world-historical spirit” into scientific circulation was...
G. Hegel The thinker who substantiated the concept of “post-industrialism” is...
D. Bell A thinker who defended the priority of geographical factors in social development was...
A thinker who defended the priority of the demographic factor in social development was... T. Malthus
The thinker developing the theory of the social contract of the origin of the state is... T. Hobbes
A thinker who views culture as a product of the sublimation of unconscious mental processes is... Z. Freud
A thinker who considers scientific and technological potential the main indicator of historical development is... The thinker who substantiated the concept of “post-industrialism” is...
A thinker who considers the development of civilizations through the “challenge-and-response” scheme is... A. Toynbee
The thinker who believed that “in the modern social life of Europe... all power in society has passed to the masses” is... H. Ortega y Gasset
The thinker who argued that an outstanding personality must have three decisive qualities: passion, a sense of responsibility and an eye for vision was... M. Weber
The most general laws and values of social life are studied by... social philosophy
Most significant achievements The philosophies of Thomas Aquinas were developed by the school... Thomism
The direction in medieval scholasticism, which affirmed the real (physical) existence of things and recognized general concepts only by the names of things is called...nominalism
The direction in the theory of knowledge, whose representatives consider sensory experience to be the main source of knowledge, is called... empiricism
The direction in philosophy that considers the spiritual to be the fundamental principle of the world, nature, and existence is called... idealism
The direction of development from lower to higher is called... progress
The movement that considers science and scientific and technological progress to be the main cause of global problems and criticizes them is called... anti-scientism
Focus on a selected consumer with artistic sensitivity and material resources is characteristic of ___________ culture. Elite
Directed, irreversible qualitative changes in a system are called... development
The science that studies all forms of social behavior of living beings, including humans, based on the principles of genetics and evolutionary biology is called... sociobiology
science in the system of culture, the spiritual life of society, is called ... scientism
The science of the forms and techniques of rational thinking is... logic
The dispute between Slavophiles and Westerners began with the publication of “Philosophical Letters” ... P. Ya. Chaadaev
Indivisible, incomposite unity, the beginning of being, the measure and prototype of number is called ... a monad
The need to defend the validity of religious truths in the context of the dominant scientific picture of the world becomes a prerequisite for the formation of a philosophical school... neo-Thomism
The immediate predecessor of existentialism is considered to be the Danish philosopher... S. Kierkegaard
The field of knowledge about the systemic organization of society, which studies the structural aspect of social life, is called ... sociology
The field of knowledge in which the laws of “second nature” are described and studied is called ___________ sciences. Technical
The field of research aimed at understanding the nature of technology and assessing its impact on society, culture and people is called ... philosophy of technology
The area of philosophical knowledge that strives to rationally comprehend the integrity of nature and its origins, to comprehend nature as a general, ultimate concept, is called... natural philosophy
The field of knowledge that historically was the first to make the transition to the proper scientific knowledge of the world is ... mathematics
The image of a person as a set of instincts, drives, conflicts arises in ... psychoanalysis
Social existence determines social consciousness, representatives of the _ approach believe.
Marxist
Social existence determines social consciousness, according to representatives of the _______________ approach. Marxist
A society that has achieved a partnership with the state, capable of putting the state under its control, while ensuring the safety of its citizens, is called... civilian
Society, its structure and historical development are determined by the laws of nature, according to representatives of the ____________ approach. Naturalistic Objective reality that exists outside and independently of
human consciousness and reflected by it is called ... matter
The limitation of knowledge to the historical conditions of society is reflected in the category “__________”.
Relative truth One of the most prominent representatives of ancient Greek atomism was... Democritus
One of the most prominent representatives of Roman Stoicism is...
Marcus Aurelius One of the most prominent representatives of the “philosophy of life” is... F. Nietzsche
One of the signs of pseudoscientific theories is...
uncritical use of facts One of the principles of non-classical science is... irrationalism
One of the brightest representatives of the Russian Enlightenment is... A. N. Radishchev
One of the greatest merits of German classical philosophy is the development of the laws of objective... dialectics
One of the natural science prerequisites for the formation of Marxist philosophy is ... the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin
One of the first scientific pictures of the world was the ___________ picture of the world. Mathematical
One of the essential characteristics of Hegel's philosophical system is … panlogism
One of the theories that influenced the spread of the concept of “system” in all spheres of scientific knowledge was ... evolutionary
One of the characteristics of truth is... specificity
The ontological position of B. Spinoza, who asserted the existence of a single substance underlying the world, can be characterized as ... monism
The definition of man as a political (social) being belongs to... Aristotle
The basis of existence, acting as unchangeable principles and principles, is called... substrate
The founder of objective idealism is... Plato
The founder of the first system of objective idealism in the ancient tradition was the philosopher... Plato
The main feature of the scientistic trend in philosophy is... belief in the limitless possibilities of science
The main methods of empirical research are... scientific observation, experiment, object description
The basic principles of dialectics, from the standpoint of dialectical materialism, are... universal communication and development
The main characteristics of the space are... three-dimensional structure and reversibility
The basis of every value is... an ideal
The basis of self-awareness is... reflection
The founder of Russian cosmism N. F. Fedorov understood the philosophy of a common cause... resurrection project
The founder of the rationalistic method in modern European philosophy is the philosopher... R. Descartes
The founder of the theory of social contract is the philosopher... T. Hobbes
The founder of the philosophical school of Neoplatonism is... Plotinus
Special view cognitive activity, aimed at developing objective, systematically organized and substantiated knowledge about the world, is called ... science
Treating someone or something as unconditionally valuable, uniting and connecting with someone (what) is perceived as good is called... love
Denial of the socio-historical nature of personality is characteristic of... existentialism
Defending the idea of the special status of the head of state, standing outside the system of philistine morality, N. Machiavelli becomes the founder of such a socio-political movement as ... realpolitik
The first scientific picture of the world (XVII–XIX centuries) was called ... mechanical
The transfer of culture occurs according to the principle... "social relay races"
Broadcast false knowledge as true or true knowledge as false is called... misinformation
The period of “Big” science begins with... the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries.
The period of medieval philosophy, marked by the concentration philosophical life around universities and the dominant desire to rationally substantiate and systematize Christian doctrine, was called ... scholastics
According to M. Heidegger, _________ is the house of being. Language
According to Descartes, the criterion of the truth of scientific knowledge is correct... deduction
According to J.-P. Sartre, the specificity of human existence lies in the fact that... existence precedes essence
According to I. Kant, the basis of personality is... moral law
According to C. G. Jung, the unconscious components of the fundamental values of culture are called ... archetypes
According to Confucius, a person must transform himself, become... noble husband
According to N. Ya. Danilevsky, an original civilization, a closed, self-sufficient formation is called ... a cultural-historical type
According to Pythagoras, the harmony of the Cosmos can be comprehended with the help of... numbers
According to T. Hobbes, before the emergence of the state, the natural state of society was ... war of all against all
The activity of consciousness is understood as its... selectivity and purposefulness
An approach to the problem of the development of scientific knowledge that affirms the principle of incommensurability of scientific theories is called... anti-cumulativeism
An approach to the problem of the development of scientific knowledge, which asserts that the main driving forces of the development of science are in the internal factors of scientific knowledge (internal logic of the development of science, etc.), is called ... internalism
The approach according to which the role of science in the system of culture and the spiritual life of society is absolutized is called... scientism
The approach according to which culture is a system of information codes that consolidate life’s social experience, as well as the means of fixing it, is called ... semiotic
The approach according to which man is a natural being, an animal, is called... naturalizing
The position in epistemology, according to which the basis of knowledge is experience, is characteristic of ... empiricism
The position based on the recognition of the equality and irreducibility of the two principles of existence (spirit and matter) to each other is called... dualism
The position according to which matter was identified with matter, with atoms, with a complex of their properties, was called ... physicalist
The position according to which the world in relation to man has two aspects - will and idea, belongs to ... A. Schopenhauer
The position according to which experience that has not been processed by reason cannot form the basis of knowledge is characteristic of ... rationalism
The position according to which there are two worlds – noumenal (“things in themselves”) and phenomenal (representations of things) belongs to... I. Kant
The position according to which only moral value determines the value of human individuality belongs to... I. Kant
Understanding the world through works of art and literary values is characteristic of cognition. Artistic
Understanding the world through works of art and literary values is characteristic of ______________ knowledge. artistic
Complete comprehensive knowledge, which is identical to its subject and cannot be refuted with the further development of knowledge, is understood as _____________ truth.
Absolute The concept of “scientific community” introduces...
T. Kuhn
The concept of “value” appears in the works of... I. Kant
A concept is a form of reflection of reality at the ______________ stage of cognition. rational An attempt to distinguish between scientific and non-scientific knowledge, to determine the boundaries of the field of scientific knowledge is called a problem...
demarcation
An attempt to synthesize philosophy and art was made by a representative of German classical philosophy... F. Schelling
A potential form of being is called...possibility The appearance of the first original philosophical texts in Rus' is attributed to...
XI–XII centuries The subject of philosophy of science at the modern post-positivist stage of development is...
dynamics of knowledge The deliberate raising of obviously incorrect ideas into truth is called...
lies
The representative of the English Enlightenment, who substantiated the principle of separation of powers, was the philosopher... J. Locke The representative of the hermeneutic tradition in philosophy is...
V. Dilthey Representative modern philosophy
The idea of being as a nature-mechanism opposing man arose in the philosophy of ... Modern times
The idea that existence is formed as a unity of matter and form belongs to ... A Ristotle
The idea that the world exists only in the mind of one perceiving subject is called... solipsism
The advantages of empiricism as a universal method of scientific knowledge were defended by the English philosopher... F. Bacon
Recognition of the existence of a single principle of being is called... monism
The ancient philosophical school of... Stoicism calls for accepting your fate as a manifestation of good providence, following duty and virtue despite desires and passions.
The verification principle was proposed ... by L. Wittgenstein
The principle of determining the significance of knowledge by its practical consequences was formulated in the philosophical school of ... pragmatism
The principles of dialectics as a universal method of cognition are... principle of objectivity, principle of consistency
Problems related to resources, energy, food, environment are classified as _____________ problems. natural-social
Problems related to disarmament, prevention of thermonuclear war, world social and economic development are classified as ___ problems. intersocial
The process of the emergence and development of man as a biological species is called... anthropogenesis
A pseudoscientific theory associated with attempts to obtain a perfect metal (gold, silver) from imperfect metals is called ... alchemy
The psychological attitude consisting in recognizing the unconditional existence and truth of something is ... faith
The equality of all possible directions in space is called... isotropy
Development is a process characterized by a change in... quality
Development is a process characterized by change... quality
The development of anthropological problems in medieval philosophy was associated, first of all, with the solution of the question of... free will
The branch of philosophy that studies the problems of man and human existence is called... anthropology
The branch of philosophy that studies consciousness and cognition is called... epistemology
The section of philosophy that deals with questions about the essence of knowledge, the ways of comprehending truth, its foundations and criteria is... epistemology
The extension of the principles of materialist dialectics to the explanation of the laws of living and inanimate nature was carried out ... by F. Engels
Prevalence and accessibility are signs of ______ culture. mass
The realization of a single possibility under certain conditions is called... necessity
The actual extent of the territory over which a historically determined political system extends or its political influence is exercised is called ... political space
The result of the cognition process is... knowledge
The results of specific sciences, incomplete knowledge about the subject are understood as _ truth. Relative
The religious worldview affirms as meaning human life … soul salvation
The decisive role in the development of man, according to the theory of anthroposociogenesis, was played by... work
From the standpoint of dialectical materialism, the source of movement is... contradiction
From the standpoint of creationism, the source of movement is... God
From the standpoint of German classical idealism, the doctrine of the development of reality as a whole is called ... dialectics
From the point of view of the axiological approach, culture is... a system of values
From the point of view of D. Bell, in a post-industrial society the main professional group will be specialists in ______________ sciences. Technical
From the point of view of the activity approach, culture is... way of human life
From the point of view of dialectical materialism, the main forms of truth are... absolute and relative
From the point of view of J.-J. Rousseau, the individual uncorrupted by the conventions and prejudices of culture, is called... natural person
From the point of view of L. Mumford, a strict hierarchical social organization, leading to an increase in the amount of material wealth at the cost of limiting opportunities and spheres of human activity, is called ... a mega-machine
From the point of view of positivism, true knowledge must be confirmed ... by experience
From the point of view of the civilizational approach, the concepts of culture and civilization ... are opposed to each other
The property of truth, which presupposes the dependence of knowledge on connections and interactions, the place and time in which they exist and develop, is called... concreteness
The system of historically developing supra-biological programs of human activity, behavior and communication, which act as a condition for the reproduction of social life, is called ... culture
The system of essential, from the point of view of specific scientific research, properties and characteristics of an object is called ... the subject of research
System philosophical views K. Marx and F. Engels is called... dialectical materialism
Systematicity, validity, and logic are characteristic of __________ cognition. Scientific
Pantheism and materialism see the meaning of life in... life itself, existence
The meaning of the historical development of society, according to P. Teilhard de Chardin, is ... the union of the souls of people in the cosmic Christ
The set of internal, spiritual and intellectual qualities that embody the human ideal in its moral perfection is called ... virtue
The totality of all forms existence of matter, The Universe in all its diversity is called... peace
The totality of material, spiritual and artistic values developed by humanity in the process of evolution is called... culture
The set of scientific studies aimed at identifying the essence of global problems, problems affecting the interests of humanity as a whole and each individual person, and finding ways to overcome them is called ... global studies
The set of stable connections of an object, ensuring the preservation of its basic properties under various external and internal changes, is called ... structure
A set of elements that are in relationships and connections with each other and form an integrity is called ... a system
Modern sociologists and philosophers use the concept ... “mass society” to characterize the specific features of modern society.
The modern Western philosopher J. Huizinga believes that the essential characteristic of a person is... play
According to the concept of V. S. Solovyov, an ideally perfect person is the highest manifestation of ... Sofia
According to the concept of C. G. Jung, the psychological type of person, directed primarily at his inner world, closed, shy, is called ... introvert
According to the concept of C. G. Jung, the psychological type of person, aimed primarily at the outside world, sociable, active, is called ... an extrovert
According to Aristotle's position, the ability to be anything is called ... matter
According to the fundamental principle of Christian anthropology, each person is... an individual
The creative influence of philosophical principles and concepts on the formation of natural science theories shows the role of philosophy. Constitutive
The social purpose of philosophy is to contribute to the solution of problems. Worldview
A specific property of time is...irreversibility
The method of definition and method of philosophy is called... reflection
The ability to comprehend the truth by directly observing it without resorting to logical arguments is called... intuition
A person’s ability to create images that have not previously been perceived is called... imagination
Medieval ideas about the creation of all living and nonliving things by God are characterized as... creationism
The medieval thinker who put forward the thesis of “harmony between faith and reason” was... F. Aquinas
Standardization and unification of the production of cultural images are characteristic of ___________ culture.
mass The formation of anthropological problems in ancient philosophy
associated with the school of ... sophists The formation of classical logic as a science is carried out in the work of the ancient Greek philosopher...
Aristotle
The clash of civilizations as a scenario for the near future of world history is described by the philosopher... S. Huntington The structural component of consciousness that performs a control function is...
will The substratum-substantial concept considers matter as...
bearer of properties different from them A subject who represents a unique spiritual-physical integrity, the “author” of life, who determines its meaning and goals, is called...
personality
The essential certainty of an object, thanks to which it exists precisely as such and not another object, is called ... quality
An essential feature of the development of Russian philosophy of the twentieth century is its split into ... Soviet and Russian foreign An essential feature of the philosophy of the Middle Ages is...
theocentrism A significant difference between Antiquity and subsequent stages of development of Western European philosophy is its...
syncretism
The existence of a person precedes his essence from the point of view of... J.-P. Sartre
An entity in its existence is called... a phenomenon
The essence of the Christian religion, from the point of view of L. Feuerbach, is that... man creates God in his own image and likeness
The thesis “know thyself” becomes leading in the philosophy of... Socrates
The epistemological position, according to which sensations are the only source and basis of knowledge, is called ... sensationalism
The theory that showed the dependence of space-time properties on the nature of movement and interaction of material systems is called the theory of ... relativity
The current of Russian socio-political thought of the 40s. XIX century, which advocated overcoming the historical backwardness of Russia from the countries of Western Europe, was called ... Westernism
A type of culture characterized by an organized consumer industry and a widespread network of means of communication is called ____________ culture. Massive
The type of scientific rationality that takes into account intersubjective connections between scientists, extra-logical methods and procedures of cognitive activity, the social nature of scientific knowledge is called... post-non-classical
Accuracy and unambiguity are characteristic features of _____ knowledge. Scientific
The labor concept of human origin was proposed ... by F. Engels
The universal properties of matter, expressing its systematicity (unity and interconnection) are... eternity of existence in time and infinity in space
Establish a correspondence between types of knowledge and their specific properties. 1. Objectivity, rationality 2. Reflexivity, criticality 3. Authoritarianism, subordination to moral and ethical standards 4. Reliance on common sense, non-literate nature 1 scientific knowledge 2 philosophical knowledge 3 religious knowledge 4 ordinary knowledge
Match between historical era and her characteristic understanding of the subject of philosophy. 1. Philosophy is the “handmaiden of theology.” 2. The main goal of philosophy is the search for a universal method of understanding the world. 3. The spread of the light of reason is the main task of philosophy.
1 Middle Ages 2 Modern times 3 Enlightenment
Establish a correspondence between the thinker and the characteristic idea of his philosophy about the essence of the world. 1. There are two worlds: the “world of ideas” and the “world of things”. Plato 2. The world consists of an infinite number of monads. G. Leibniz 3. God created the world out of nothing. Augustine 4. There are two kinds of substances: material and spiritual. R. Descartes
Establish a correspondence between the type of worldview and its characteristics. 1. Studies the universal laws of the development of the world 2. Based on belief in the supernatural 3. Knowledge is reflected in the form of artistic images 1 philosophy 2 religion 3 art
Establish a correspondence between philosophical directions and their ideas about the essence of the world. 1. Everything in the world has a material origin. 2. The external world, reality exists only thanks to our consciousness, are the products of its activity. 3. Spirit and matter are two different and independent substances. 4. Both the external world and our consciousness are a generation or manifestation of a higher principle that has a spiritual nature. 1 materialism 2 subjective idealism 3 dualism 4 objective idealism
Arguing that “freedom is a conscious necessity,” B. Spinoza takes the position... determinism
A statement taken on faith without proof is called... dogma
The statement that “in practice a person must prove the truth, that is, the reality and power, the this-worldliness of his thinking,” belongs to the philosopher... K. Marx
The doctrine in epistemology that denies the possibility of reliable knowledge of the essence of material systems, the laws of nature and society is called ... agnosticism
The doctrine of the future in relation to historical and social time is called ... futurology
The doctrine of being is called... ontology
The doctrine of the natural (material) causality of all phenomena of the objective world is called... determinism
The doctrine of ideal state was created by the ancient Greek philosopher... Plato
The phenomenon of technology from the point of view of religious meaning was first considered ... by N. Berdyaev
Philosophy of science as a special philosophical direction has developed... in the second half of the 19th century.
The philosophy of technology arises in (in) ... second half of the 19th century
Philosophy, being a breakthrough from the meaningless, empirical, forcing people from all sides of the world to the world of meaning, performs a _______ function. Humanistic
The philosopher who substantiated the ideal of life according to the principle “Man is God to man” was... L. Feuerbach
The philosopher who considered hostility to culture to be an innate property of man was... Z. Freud
The philosopher who considered personality “a bundle or bundle of perceptions” was ... D. Hume
The philosopher who considered the essence of man to be the totality of social relations was... K. Marx
The philosopher who considered man a transitional stage from animal to superman was... F. Nietzsche
The philosopher who believed that the world consists of single and indivisible atoms, different in size, was... Democritus
The philosopher who argued that being does not arise and does not disappear, that it is indivisible, integral, motionless and similar to a ball, was ... Parmenides
The philosophical position of P. Holbach, who argued that “the Universe, this colossal combination of everything that exists, everywhere shows us only matter and movement,” can be characterized as ... materialism
The philosophical system of K. Marx can be defined as... dialectical materialism
The philosophical direction, whose representatives consider understanding and interpretation as the main ways of cognition, is called ... hermeneutics
The philosophical movement that recognizes the substantiality of the unconscious is called... irrationalism
Philosophical concept that serves to generalize the expression of the sphere highest values and oughts, there are... morality
The philosophical doctrine of the ultimate destinies of the world and man is called... eschatology
The philosophical doctrine of morality and morality is called... ethics
A philosophical doctrine that denies the role of reason in knowledge and highlights other types of human abilities - instinct, intuition, direct contemplation, insight, is called ... irrationalism
A philosophical doctrine that recognizes the existence of two independent and equal principles at the basis of the world is called... dualism
The philosophical doctrine according to which there is knowledge acquired by a person before experience and independently of it is called ... Apriorism
The philosophical position of L. Feuerbach can be defined as ... anthropological materialism
Renaissance philosophers solved the problem of the relationship between God and the world from the position of... Neoplatonism
Philosophers and scientists who participated in the creation of the Encyclopedia, or Explanatory dictionary sciences, arts and crafts”, united by the goal of disseminating knowledge and promoting educational ideals, were called ... encyclopedists
A form of extra-scientific knowledge, which is characterized by mysticism and spiritualism, is ________ knowledge. Parascientific
The form of rational knowledge is... judgment
Shape sensory knowledge is... a feeling
Fundamental physical theory created at the beginning of the 20th century. to explain micro-movements, which underlies the modern scientific picture of the world, is called ... quantum mechanics
The function of philosophy, which involves searching and finding answers to the main questions of existence, is called... ideological
The function of philosophy, which reveals the laws of the thought process and knowledge of the world, is called... epistemological
The function of philosophy, which is realized in highlighting and taking into account the complex nature of the connections between the method and the object of knowledge in science, is called... coordinating
The function of philosophy, realized in the formation of an integral system of knowledge, is called... integrating
The function of philosophy, realized in an extremely attentive attitude towards a person, is called... humanistic
The function of philosophy associated with the explanation of not only the past and present, but also the future is called ... predictive
The function of philosophy associated with the development of the most general principles and methods of scientific knowledge of the world is called ... methodological
The function of philosophy associated with the formation philosophical thinking, the transfer of the experience of social existence, supernatural programs of behavior and communication is called ... cultural and educational
The function of philosophy, which consists in promoting the growth of scientific knowledge, including creating the prerequisites for scientific discoveries, is called ... heuristic
The function of philosophy, closely related to the problem of justifying values for man and society, is called... social-axiological.
The close attention to the problems of the development and meaning of world and national history, characteristic of Russian philosophy, is usually called ... historiosophical
A characteristic feature of scientific knowledge is... rationality
Characteristic of the scientific picture of the world are the principles... objectivity and materiality of the world
Christian ideas about history are presented in the work of Augustine Aurelius ... “On the City of God”
Artistic creativity as a special form of social consciousness, a type of spiritual mastery of reality is called... art
Values associated with the spiritual sphere of society’s life, which largely determine a person’s way of life, are called... ideological
Values that contain social regulations, prohibitions, goals and projects, expressed in the form of normative ideas (about goodness, justice, etc.) are called... subjective
The central concept of V. I. Vernadsky’s philosophy is ... the noosphere
A sensory-visual image of objects and phenomena of reality, preserved and reproduced in consciousness without the influence of the objects themselves on the senses, is called... representation
E. Toffler is developing the concept of ... “electronic cottage”
Existentialism focuses primarily on the problem... existence
Electromagnetic interactions are a _______ form of motion. Physical
Epicurus' ethical concept can be designated by the term "__________". Eudaimonism
Yu. A. Lotman developed a ____________ approach to considering culture. Semiotic
The core of the political sphere of society is (are) ... state
The brightest representative of agnosticism is... I. Kant
The thinker becomes an ardent opponent of Russian revolutionary radicalism... F. M. Dostoevsky
“But here we come to the central point in the analysis Jaspers dialectics of reason - to the problem of contradiction and its resolution, overcoming.
Analyzing the law of contradiction of formal logic, the philosopher sees in it a form of the timeless, inapplicable to developing knowledge.
The rational concept corresponding to it, being a necessary means of thinking, cannot be its goal: it stops the process of cognition, deprives it of openness, progression, and perspective. On the contrary, contradiction is the stimulus and driving force of knowledge, so that “the cessation of contradiction would, indeed, be peace, but also death.” Moreover, contradiction is a specific way of cognition, revealing its “object” not as a fixed and completed fact, but as a “process of implementation.” Thinking in contradictions and with the help of contradiction is that “in the world of spiritual contents, the contradiction is overcome in such a way that in this resolution a new integrity creatively appears... In such movements of thought, the contradiction is removed not due to the fact that one side is alternatively denied in favor different, but in truth, which makes the contradiction, as the first plan and the first step, transparent.” Overcoming a contradiction is always a leap, a “break” (Durchbruch). (Karl Jaspers, Existcnzphilosophie, Berlin, 1964, p. 301).
This abstract presentation of the inconsistency of human knowledge, its dialectics, again and again expresses the indestructibility of the dialectical understanding of philosophical thinking, the need for dialectics for understanding human thinking and activity. However, dialectics is still opposed to rational thinking. After Hegel Jaspers speaks of dialectics as a synonym for “mysticism.” This is “the way of mysticism in thinking,” he says.
However, if Hegel raises mysticism to the level of speculative thinking, realizing its dialectical content, then Jaspers again lowers dialectics to the level of the mystical. It turns into a “breakthrough” to transcendence (i.e. to God), carried out by existential thinking.
In rational, scientific, dialectics, the concept of a qualitative leap in knowledge corresponds to a “breakthrough” or even a “break” to the transcendental. This is the development of a new concept ( new system knowledge), in which the contradiction of the original theory is resolved and “removed”; in relation to an objective process or a process of practical activity, this is the formation of a new objective integrity resulting from the resolution of an objective contradiction of natural or social reality. This is the case when a new whole arises as a result of development that summarizes the previous stages of cognition or a real process.
For Jaspers, it remains an incomprehensible and mysterious leap from the realm of the “everyday” to the realm of “transcendence.” Thus, the sphere of dialectics is extremely narrowed; it is not only limited to the sphere of philosophical thinking, but even here it is limited only to the field of religious thinking.
Jaspers is right when he says in abstract form that reason is the highest level of human knowledge, which comprehends at this level the contradictions of reality, or, as he puts it, the actual (ordinary) existence of man, his consciousness and spirit; he is right when he says that “reason brings here an endless dialectic, which rests neither on alternatives, nor on “both and so”, nor on “either-or”, does not consist in either reconciliation or cessation, but attracts everything this and, restless in its peace, moves on.” He is also right when, answering the question of what is breaking through, he says: “The universal is breaking through, the universal as widespread, mediocre, as conventionally significant and conditioning life within the state; as a universally significant consciousness in general; as a general law of morality. The unity that has built itself in a closed form breaks through, the unity of the state, the social institution, the profession and marriage, every historical unity of order.”
Abstract Jaspers right However, dialectics is concrete, truth is concrete. When does the “generally valid consciousness in general” break through, i.e. the system of knowledge? When does the “conventionally significant,” the rigid forms of morality and the state, professions and marriage, break through? Then, when they exhausted the possibilities of their development, when the contradictions that destroyed them matured, a revolution matured. But that’s not what Jaspers is interested in. A breakthrough where and to what - that’s a question of questions.
For a dialectician-materialist, the answer is clear: to a new level of development of knowledge, morality, and social existence in general. For Jaspers - from the world to God and from consciousness to existence.”
Criticism of non-Marxist concepts of dialectics of the 20th century. Dialectics and the problem of the irrational / Ed. Yu.N. Davydov, Moscow State University Publishing House, 1988, p. 279-281.
Horizontally
3. It's public human experience in its application to the assessment of the present and future, actions and actions is...
6. The position of world teaching, which is an immutable truth and does not need proof
12. Reality - objective reality in all its concreteness, the totality of natural and socio-historical phenomena
14. “the essence of Christianity” - philosophical work German thinker
15. Known reality itself
18. Who, under the influence of Feuerbach’s philosophy, switched to the position of materialism and ultimately created an independent philosophical doctrine- dialectical materialism.
19. Sun in the center
23. Founder of European science and philosophy, one of the legendary “seven wise men” Ancient Hellas(c. 624-546 BC)
25. Proved the universality of movements in nature and said that the essence of nature is to act
26. Literary movement and direction of social and philosophical thought in Russia in the 1860s
30. Vovoo
33. In the broadest sense - existence
34. The philosophical direction, whose representatives consider understanding and interpretation as the main ways of cognition, is called
40. The direction in the theory of knowledge, which believes that the basis of knowledge is sensory experience
42. Kant
43. One of the four types of reasons, according to Aristotle
45. Direction of development from lower to higher
Vertically
1. An ancient Greek philosopher, whose teaching marks a turn in philosophy - from consideration of nature and the world to consideration of man.
2. Representative of Renaissance philosophy:
4. The highest form of reflection inherent in man as a social being
5. The function of philosophy is to find ways to solve human problems
7. Form of sensory knowledge
8. Founder of irrationalism
9. They believed: beauty is cosmic perfection, universal harmony of the universe
10. The dependence of events, and the presence of a common line in them is
11. Global problems associated with population changes
13. Essence is a set of such properties of an object, without which it is not able to exist, and which determine all its other properties. Phenomenon is a form of manifestation and discovery of essence
16. One of the elements of the worldview, expressing its spiritual and practical aspect
17. What is the driving force of all development, according to dialectics?
20. Ancient Greek. philosopher who recognized number as the basis of the world
21. One of the extra-empirical criteria for substantiating knowledge
22. system of views on objective world and on the place of man in it, on man’s attitude to the reality around him and to himself
24. Dissemination of values Western culture
27. Philosophy a category to designate such connections between real world phenomena that can be realized in some conditions, but not in others. Necessity is a category that expresses the inevitable nature of events occurring in real world
28. A thinker who views the development of civilizations through the “challenge-and-response” scheme is
29. Truth that needs addition and deepening is objective in nature
30. ….. only needs an excuse. (Aristotle)
31. Clarification of methods, ways of mental processing of the objective content of being
32. A form of social consciousness, a fantastic reflection of reality, embodied in the oral language characteristic of Antiquity folk art
35. In the philosophy of enlightenment, the main characteristic of a person was considered to be
36. Moral and religious principle requiring abstinence from life's goods and pleasures
37. What is the name of the ideological movement of the Renaissance era, which defends respect for the dignity and rights of man, his value as an individual?
38. Hopeless situation
39. Section of philosophy that studies the relationship between object and subject in the process of cognitive activity, the relationship of knowledge to reality, the possibility of human knowledge of the world
41. Doctrine that asserts the primacy of spirit in relation to matter
44. A direction in the theory of knowledge, which believes that adequate knowledge of the world is impossible
46. The process of change, which is accompanied by the purposeful accumulation of information with its subsequent ordering and structuring
Can be inductive or deductive. Inferences
Augustine Aurelius is the most prominent representative of medieval philosophy of the period ... patristics, scholastics
Agnosticism is characteristic of philosophy: conventionalism; positivism; subjective idealism
The axiological aspect characterizes such a property of consciousness as selectivity.
Analysis of the dynamics of scientific knowledge is becoming one of the central problems in the philosophical school of ... postpositivism
The “angelic doctor” is the name given to the medieval thinker Thomas Aquinas.
Attributes of matter are... universal and inherent properties of material objects
B. Spinoza believed that there is only one substance that is the cause of itself - this is ... nature
The basic concept of the materialistic approach to history is ... socio-economic formation
Boundlessness and infinity both in the existential and cognitive senses is called ... infinity
The existence of a certain class of natural objects (microorganisms, plants and fauna, including humans) is called ... life
B. Russell’s statement “...The circumstances of people’s lives largely determine their philosophy, but vice versa, their philosophy largely determines these circumstances” reflects the social function of philosophy.
In the dualism of R. Descartes, substances are... extended and thinking
In Italian philosophy, the image of a utopian state - the city of the Sun - was created ... by T. Campanella
They were adopted as the official ideology of the Chinese Empire philosophical ideas schools...of Confucianism
In Marxist philosophy, the science of the most general laws of development of nature, society and thinking is...Dialectics
The following levels are distinguished in thinking: mind, reason
In modern European philosophy, the question of the fundamental principle of the world is resolved with the help of the concept ... substance
The classical concept of truth is based on the principle of ... correspondence
The modern biological picture of the world is based on the principle of... evolution
The modern scientific picture of the world is based on... the theory of relativity
The basis of the philosophical picture of the world is the solution to the problem... of being
In contrast to non-scientific knowledge, scientific knowledge is characterized by...systematicity, evidence
Unlike idealism, materialism views the ideal as... a subjective image of objective reality
Within the framework of Chinese philosophy, there is an idea that the world arose as a result of the interaction of the five principles (Wu-hsing), this position in philosophy is called ... pluralism
In modern epistemology, there are different concepts of truth: classical (correspondent); conventionalist.
In modern scientific literature under technology in in a broad sense The word refers to any means and methods of activity created by man to achieve any goals.
In medieval philosophy, the source and highest form of being was considered... God
In medieval philosophy, the special status of man in the world order is determined by the fact that he was created ... in the image and likeness of God
In the structure of consciousness, along with thinking, there are...Will and emotions
There are two periods in Kant's work: pre-critical; critical.
In the tradition of German classical philosophy, the system of subjective idealism was created by...I. Fichte
The utopian writings of Thomas More and Tommaso Campanella present the following features of an ideal state: compulsory labor\enlightenment\common property
In the philosophy of postmodernism, the concept of “simulacra” was introduced, meaning a copy of a non-existent original.
In the philosophy of the Enlightenment, the highest historical value of humanity is considered ... progress
In the philosophy of the Enlightenment, the main characteristic of a person was considered to be...reason
In philosophy, various historical theories, a certain “philosophy of history” are designated by the term ... historicism
In the philosophy of the twentieth century, the idea of the end of history is developed by the American philosopher... F. Fukuyama
In the philosophical system of G. Hegel, the central concept that guides and carries out the process of development of all things is... the absolute idea
In the twentieth century, the opposition between two social systems - socialism and capitalism, was designated by the term ... "bipolar world"
During the Renaissance, a new natural philosophy emerged, which was characterized by the following features: pantheism; the idea of the identity of the micro- and macrocosm, as well as... hylozoism, the belief in the liveliness and even animation of all being\the idea of spontaneous activity of matter
In the ethics of I. Kant, a universal and necessary moral law, independent of the actual conditions of human volition and therefore unconditionally binding, is called ... the categorical imperative
The most important social value is... man
A. Camus considers the most important essential characteristic of existence... absurdity
The most important component of the material and production sphere is... labor
An important characteristic of development is... the irreversibility of changes
The leading epistemological problem of modern times is the problem of the relationship between the subject and objective reality.
A person’s faith in the world of divine revelation and ideal values is characteristic of _ knowledge. Religious
The whole world is a text,” says the philosophical school of ... hermeneutics
The interdependent, mutually stimulating nature of science and technology is called technical progress
The relationship between the problem of truth and the analysis of the logical structure of language is the subject of research in the philosophical school of ... neopositivism
The type of matter that exists exclusively on Earth is called ... socially organized matter
Vital values are associated with the ideals of... a healthy life
The external essence of a phenomenon that justifies its existence is called... meaning
The internal content of an object, expressed in the stable unity of all the diverse and contradictory properties of being, is called ... essence
The internal dismemberment of material existence is called... structurality
The ancient school of ... skepticism called for refraining from judgment
The emergence of fundamentally new images and ideas in the mind is associated with such a human cognitive ability as intuition.
The emergence of engineering activity is associated with the emergence of manufacturing and machine production.
The question of the relationship of thinking to being as the main question of philosophy was formulated by F. Engels.
Questions: is the world knowable, is truth achievable? – relate to ___________ problems of philosophy. Epistemological
Questions – what comes first? What is being, substance, matter? – relate to _____________ problems of philosophy. Ontological
Questions - what is good and evil? What is morality, morality, dignity? – relate to __________ problems of philosophy. Ethical
Questions of anthroposociogenesis, the essence and existence of man belong to _____________ problems of philosophy. Anthropological
Upbringing and education belong to __________ culture. spiritual
Perception is a form of reflection of reality at the _ stage of cognition. Sensual
Complete composure, immutability and completeness of being and life, endless duration is called... eternity
The entire philosophy of the Hellenistic period is permeated by the contradiction between ... universalism and individualism
Every inanimate system tends to the most probable state for it, that is, to chaos, says the law ... of entropy
Putting forward a theory about the presence of many spiritual entities - “monads”, which constitute the fundamental basis of the world, G. V. Leibniz becomes a representative of ontological ... pluralism
Performing an ideological function, philosophy formulates... a system of certain values
The expression “Man is a wolf to man” belongs to ... T. Hobbes
The statement “It (technology) subjects a person to a process of dismemberment, separation, due to which a person, as it were, ceases to be a natural being as he was before” belongs to N.A. Berdyaev
The statement “Man is the measure of all things: those that exist in that they exist, and those that do not exist in that they do not exist” belongs to ... Protagoras
The highest degree of value, or the best, completed state of any phenomenon, is called ... ideal
The highest form of mental activity inherent in the human way of life is called... consciousness
The highest level of knowledge and ideal development of the world in the forms of theories, ideas, human goals is... Thinking
The highest good for a person, from the point of view of Renaissance humanism, is... pleasure, happiness
G.V. Plekhanov is a representative of Marxism.
Hegel viewed world history as a natural process of development ... of the absolute idea
The main danger of technical progress is that the development of technology: contributes to rapid pollution of the environment; threatens to become an end in itself.
L. Feuerbach sees the main obstacle to happiness in... the alienation of human essence
The main difference between faith and knowledge is... subjective significance
Global problems associated with the catastrophic destruction of the natural basis for the existence of world civilization, environmental pollution, climate change are called ... environmental
Global problems associated with an excessive increase in the Earth's population, deteriorating public health, aging populations in developed countries, high birth rates in underdeveloped countries are called ... demographic
An epistemological position that draws an insurmountable boundary between experience and objective reality is called agnosticism.
An epistemological movement that doubts the reliability of human knowledge and recognizes the relativity of all knowledge is called ... skepticism
Epistemology studies: human cognitive abilities; structure of the cognition process; the problem of the cognizability of the world.
The humanistic function of philosophy includes... the formation of values and ideals\ assistance to a person during periods of unstable development of society
Movement is any change.
The driving force of any development, according to dialectics, is... contradiction
The driving force of social development is divine providence, according to representatives of the ___ approach...theological
Two logically possible alternative interpretations of scientific knowledge are: non-classical philosophy of science, classical philosophy Sciences.
The motto “Know thyself” is associated in the history of philosophy with the name of ... Socrates
The activity of thinking aimed at creating a theoretical world and models describing it is called construction
The activity of receiving, storing, processing and systematizing conscious concrete sensory and conceptual images is called ... Cognition
The activities of philosophers of the Enlightenment, aimed at criticizing the vices of society and the state that exist on the basis of church institutions, can be designated as ... anti-clericalism
Dialectics appeared as an opposition... to metaphysics
Dialectics is a methodology of cognition that requires the study of phenomena in their inconsistency, variability and interconnection.
Dialectical-materialist ontology abandons the concept of “________ being”... pure
Dialectical materialism highlights ... practical activity as the essence of man
The duration and sequence of successive events is called ... time
