Meaning of Confucianism. Encyclopedia of symbols
This was manifested in the selection of clothes of certain colors, folk sayings, rituals, etc. At different peoples certain symbolism colors that have survived to this day. So, people from ancient times showed a special interest in red. In many... Europe, jesters wore green and yellow clothes, and bankrupts in Germany had to wear green hats. Ancient symbolism colors and their interpretation in different cultures is confirmed in modern theories the relationship between color and emotional...
https://www.site/psychology/12294
Many ancient symbols on earth originate from the kingdom of wildlife, with the largest number belonging to the world of flora: plant symbolism numerous and diverse, it exists in any culture and its meanings are almost identical. Oddly enough, but the images of flowers and plants evoke the same associations among the inhabitants of everything ...
https://www.site/journal/147230
Song Dynasty, scholars became skeptical of ancient writings, and wrote many books about Confucianism. But their sources were limited to the texts of "Lun Yu", "Zhuojuan", "Book of History" and some others. People considered... humanity. The scroll brought a new understanding of the later changes in Chinese philosophical thought. Godianchu Scroll includes core values Confucianism, extols the Heavens and the Gods, considers the soul and nature in unity; and even today has a cultural...
https://www.site/journal/128290
Confucian morality is aimed at finding religious unity with the essence of being. However, the main emphasis Confucianism makes on the ethical significance of human relations, finding and substantiating morality in divine transcendence. Best... appropriately nurtured and nurtured, even an ordinary person can become a sage. Classics Confucianism(there are thirteen of them) prefer to define the problems of spiritual growth in terms of emotional harmony and mental balance - ...
https://www.site/journal/141352
Behavior in the family, in the service and in society, established a certain way of thinking. Target Confucianism- to create a social order based on the ethics and culture of the individual, to achieve political harmony through development ... the directions of Chinese philosophy were united by one concept of jiao, which means “teaching”, or rather “ spiritual teaching». Confucianism, calling for selfless service to people and universal love, is a spiritual teaching about the improvement of man. "As if...
https://www.site/religion/11308
IN Confucianism astrology was given a great role, since it was believed that knowledge of its laws could help in achieving the qualities of an ideal ... one of the main tasks of Confucian teachings. In addition, astrology as a doctrine of "universal harmony" helped in establishing social order, which Confucianism as the doctrine of the ruling elite in every possible way welcomed. "To manage means to order," said Confucius, seeing in the establishment of "universal order" the most important task and the final ...
https://www.site/religion/11329
Controversy with Gogol and hopes for the progressivity of the tsar. Being an extrovert, Belinsky acquired mental symbolism not through reflection, but in the images of society. He pliantly followed the trends of the Russian ... in the highest measure contributed to the development of Russian culture XIX century, which can rightfully be considered great and freed from the influence of the Person. 1 See: Nigmati E. Symbolism cities in the life, work and journalism of N. Gogol // Tonus. - 2000. - No. 5. - P.47 - 58. 2 See: Monzhale E. Pedagogical ideas ...
Emblems modern religions. A class of signs identical in shape to geometric elements, widely used in emblems and heraldry. Published on the web portal
Emblems of modern religions
In our time, there are three world religions on the globe - Christianity, Islam (Muslim) and Buddhism. Each of them is accepted in many countries. They arose a long time ago: Christianity is 2000 years old, Islam is almost 1400 years old, and Buddhism is about 2500 years old.
There are other religions, which, although not global, are also widespread.
Christianity
Cup and cross
One of the symbols of Christ's love is the combination of the cup and the cross. The cup, or goblet, in this case indicates the great suffering that Jesus endured, calling it "the cup."
The image of the bowl indicates the prayer of Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane: “Father! oh, that you would deign to carry this cup past me! however, not my will, but yours be done.”
The cross is depicted as pointed. Its sharp ends, like swords of sorrow and pain, pierce the suffering soul.
Islam
Star and crescent of Islam
The main emblem of the youngest world religion, Islam, founded by the Prophet of Allah, Muhammad (570-632), is a crescent with a star inside. The emblem denotes divine patronage, growth, rebirth, and, together with the star, paradise. The star is a traditional symbol of independence and divinity. The crescent is one of the true forces capable of resisting evil, a powerful talisman.
The crescent in Islamic countries replaces the cross in Red Cross organizations.
Buddhism
Maitreya
In Buddhism, Maitreya is the name of the Buddha of the coming world order. This is the only Bodhisattva ("whose essence has become the mind"), which is recognized by all major branches of Buddhism. The essence of a Bodhisattva is the act of sacrifice: giving up the bliss of nirvana in order to help humanity within the limits allowed by karmic limitations.
Maitreya is depicted sitting on a throne in a "European pose" (with legs down), which indicates a sign of the haste of his arrival; it is golden in color. Next to Maitreya, it is customary to depict the wheel of dharma, a stupa and a vase.
Judaism
Mogendovid, or Shield of David
Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic world religions (it arose in the 1st millennium BC in Palestine 4000 years ago). The main provisions of Judaism were later incorporated into Christianity and Islam.
The symbol of Judaism is Mogendovid, or the Shield of David. Most commonly associated with the six-pointed Star of David. A less common name is the Star of the Creator; each end of the star symbolizes one of the six days of creation, and the central hexagon symbolizes Shabbat (the holy day of rest).
Zoroastrianism
Ahura Mazda
Zoroastrianism is the oldest spiritual tradition, founded about 2500 years ago by the prophet Zoroaster, and now, unfortunately, forgotten. supreme god- Ahura Mazda. The sacred canon is the Avesta ("law").
Zoroastrianism proceeds from the doctrine of the justice of the world order and the triumph of justice in the world struggle between good and evil, in which the free choice of a person, his active participation play a decisive role. Zoroastrian morality contains an ethical triad: a good thought, a good word, a good deed.
Hinduism
One of the symbols of the Trimurti
Hinduism combines elements of different creeds, rooted in the mists of time. Sacred books - Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda). The three main gods make up the Trimurti (triad): Brahma is the creator of the world, Vishnu is the keeper of the world and Shiva is the destroyer. Their images symbolize the fundamental processes of change in nature (prakriti).
The basis of Hinduism is the doctrine of the reincarnation of souls (samsara), which occurs in accordance with the law of retribution (karma) for virtuous or bad behavior.
Confucianism
The symbol of Confucianism is the figure of the “Highest Saint” himself
Confucianism and Taoism are the most famous of the philosophical currents that existed in China even before its unification (221 BC). Gradually intertwined with the traditions of Buddhists and Taoists, the teachings of Confucius acquired a religious connotation. According to Confucius, one must live in such a way that human behavior reflects the laws of the universe, which exists according to a certain order. “The master teaches his students the four disciplines: culture, behavior, loyalty and faith” (Lun Yu, 7.25).
Taoism
Tai Chi (yin-yang circle)
Taoism literally means "School of the Tao". (Tao means “way”). This is an integral part of the philosophical and religious triad (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism). The Chinese apply all three teachings in practice, depending on the life situation. As part of his personal life, the Chinese profess Taoism, but when it comes to social norms of behavior, he becomes a Confucian, and when faced with troubles and life's hardships, he turns to Mahayana Buddhism.
Graphically, the concept of Taoism is expressed by tai chi (in some sources - Tai Shi) - a symbol of a single limit.
Shinto (Shinto)
Horin-rimbo - the wheel of the law (Japan)
Shinto is the Japanese national religion, its name comes from the Chinese word "shen-dao" ("sacred path" or "path of the gods"). At the heart of Shinto is the cult of the deities of nature and ancestors. The highest deities are Amaterasu (goddess of the Sun) and her descendant Jimmu. Jimmu is the first emperor of Japan, the mythical ancestor of Japanese emperors. Day February 11, when, according to myths, in 660 BC. e. Jimmu ascended the throne, is considered the founding day of the empire and is celebrated as a holiday.
Confucius died 350 years before Confucianism became the state ideology. At the end of the III century. BC e., when China was first united by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the followers of Confucius were subjected to severe persecution. Following the precepts of Shang Yang, who considered culture and its bearers - educated and intelligent people - a subversive element, Qin Shi Huang forbade the study of ancient literature and philosophy and ordered the burning of all books owned by private individuals (with the exception of specialized literature on agriculture, medicine and divination). These measures to eliminate humanitarian culture were accompanied by the execution of hundreds of the most prominent representatives of the then intelligentsia. But the attempt to create an empire on a monolithic foundation of universal brainwashing ended in failure: just a few years after the death of Qin Shi Huang, his kingdom fell under the blows of an uprising that swept the whole country. The emperors of the next dynasty - Kan (206 BC -220 AD), taking into account the failure of their predecessor, decided not to fight the Confucians, but to make an agreement with them. Emperor Wudi (140-87 BC) proclaimed Confucianism the state ideology, and in this capacity it lasted until 1911. But Confucianism, which became the dominant dogma of the Chinese empire, differed significantly from the actual preaching of Confucius. To the ethical propositions of early Confucianism were added cosmological speculations, dating back to Taoism and some other naturalistic teachings, and the whole mixture was given the features of religion. If religion did not play a significant role in early Confucian thought, then subsequently a concept arose in which the sky figured as a Deity with moral consciousness and closely following everything that happens on Earth. A religious aura was also surrounded by the person of the emperor, the "son of Heaven", who, being at the center of the cosmological trinity - Heaven, Earth and Man, connects them together, and, being "the executor of the will of Heaven, ensures with his fair management the strict sequence of natural phenomena." While Confucius gave priority to the people in the state, in imperial Confucianism (this is the name) this ideology received in literature) the ruler was recognized as the basis of the state. The ideal of a noble person has also been transformed. The trend that turned him from a wandering knight of humanity into an exemplary official, whose main quality was his readiness for blind and unquestioning obedience to the instructions of his superiors, acquired a dominant importance.
A feature of Confucianism turned out to be very important, which played a huge role in ensuring the stability of the Chinese empire. We are talking about the Confucian thesis, according to which those who take part in government must be educated people. The proclamation of Confucianism as the state ideology was accompanied, according to sources, by a broad development of education and the development of a system of examinations that those who applied for any significant official position had to pass.
Of course, we must not forget about the privileges that (especially at first) facilitated access to the ranks of the bureaucracy for the offspring of noble families, nor that the long-term study of Confucian icons required a lot of money, which, as a rule, is beyond the power to collect common man. And yet it remains an indisputable fact that already from the II century. BC e. Chinese officials were recruited not so much on the basis of origin, but on certain abilities. This ensured a high level of the ruling elite for antiquity and the Middle Ages. Examinations created a very different opportunity for advancement for capable people from the bottom. This is also evidenced by the Chinese fiction, one of the favorite plots of which is the rapid rise after passing the exams of a poor but talented young man.
Development of a system of examinations intended for recruitment into the ranks of officials capable people, had the most important consequences for the fate of Chinese statehood and culture. It contributed to the cultural unification and cohesion of the country, for all who aspired to take part in government were required to undergo the same course of study. This same uniformity has become one of the causes of intellectual stagnation. But something else is also important. Since this system opened the way for capable people to advance, they became zealous champions of the existing order. This was a profound difference between the situation that had developed in China, where social protest was completely excluded among the educated strata, and the situation in Europe, where an important moment that pushed the best minds to criticize the existing system was the preservation until the 18th-19th centuries. aristocratic privileges. Moreover, the system of nominating capable people in China helped ensure support for the existing system even by a certain part of the exploited lower classes, who considered this system basically fair and attributed its imperfections to the abuses of individual officials.
As a result, we can say that the philosophy of Confucianism is extremely complex and still poorly developed. However, in the ideas of early Confucianism, researchers discover the origins of the Chinese humanistic tradition, which was continued by the works of a number of thinkers of the Middle Ages and Modern times.
Certain dates to offer sacrifices, offer prayers, this was done, moreover, in extraordinary cases. The cult of ancestors, which occupies such an important place in Confucianism, it would seem, was in bad harmony with the Buddhist creed, in which he did not play a role. Nevertheless, it remained in full force ... then on the peninsula, it soon became the state religion, which by no means abolished the fact that Confucianism became such. And with the spread of Taoism, it was adopted by the authorities.
https://www.site/religion/12802
... (Alupka, Crimea). The palace and the surrounding park are literally saturated with Masonic, religious, mythological and esoteric symbolism. Much has been seen and captured on film. Even despite the fact that out of 250 rooms ... a crucified ray. "Massandra is an example of the esoteric nature of the sources, which makes it possible to reveal the Masonic culture, which was widespread then in the noble culture symbolism. In fact, both the grandfather, and the father, and the uncle, and many other relatives of the count were Freemasons.
https://www.site/journal/13037
In this case, fertility is emphasized in the literal sense of the word, it is expressed here most clearly in comparison with symbolism positions of other planets in this house. The challenge is to respond to sexual requests in an appropriate way without setting a trap... as a prestigeist, a scammer. Just make sure you know how these creative states differ. Competition. Symbolism Neptune does not align with the gross energies of competition. Refinement of sensations is the basis of your skills. Something inside you...
https://www.site/magic/13424
The sacred secrets of the universe, contemplated and known by the priests, were not fully expressed by them, but were fixed logically and mathematically in symbolism pyramids. The pyramid is a sign of eternity and wisdom, and the highest priestly wisdom was reduced to strict observance of the divine ... . But, turning to historical monuments of architecture, through the prism of linear measures, the general symbolism universal space and time. Esoteric logic "works" here: Holy Scripture requires sacred ...
https://www.site/journal/13426
Already in the first centuries, the Chinese felt such an inner kinship with Buddhism that, along with Taoism and Confucianism began to perceive it as a genuine expression of Chinese religiosity. Based on the historical sources available to us, we are not ... the most prominent disciple of Tao-an, accepted monasticism, but at the same time essentially remained an aristocrat (at first he adhered Confucianism, then became interested in Taoism and eventually settled on Buddhism). Hui-yuan was a brilliant popularizer of Buddhism. ...
https://www.site/religion/13887
Other parts of the texts were related to actual experiences in the process of dying, although they were colored by the Christian symbolism. Of the experiences described there, particular attention should be paid to the phenomena usually identified as attacks by Satan. They... are perceived as inflicted by the terrifying goddess Kali, Shiva the destroyer, Bacchantes or ancient Egyptian Set. Symbolism of the corresponding cultural context, arising in experiences, is very specific and detailed. Often nature...
https://www.site/psychology/14052
Philosophical Taoism was the reaction of educated lovers of Chinese antiquity to the development of statehood in China and new philosophical systems 54 types Confucianism who attach great importance to the normative regulation of the life path, management and law. Unlike Confucianism, which immediately took on a professional character due to the orientation towards the civil service, philosophical Taoism developed mainly as an amateur ...