Vysoko Petrovsky monastery schedule of divine services. Vysoko-Petrovsky stauropegial monastery
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In the first part of the story, we got acquainted with the history of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery and human destinies inextricably linked with it, Old Moscow and, in general, with the most interesting moments in the formation of Russian statehood. In this second part of the post about the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, I will tell you more about the main architectural gems of the monastery - the Cathedral of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, the Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God, the Church St. Sergius Radonezhsky, the Church of Peter and Paul, the Church of the Tolga Mother of God, a little about the archaeological excavations on the territory of the monastery and its monastery necropolis.
The Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, being one of the oldest in Moscow, is much better preserved as an architectural monument than its few surviving brothers.Built in stone, mostly toend of the 17th century, like many othermonasteries, he suffered less than others from time . In particular, with The Cathedral of St. Peter requires a special conversation and attitude towards it, which will be the central theme of this second part of my story about the Peter's Monastery.
Now we have come to Petrovka from Strastnoy Boulevard. Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery occupies a fairly decent part of the street in this place. By the way, on the left, the former corner apartment building of the monastery is partially visible, to the right (the building white color) - Rector's building built in 1688, which is directly adjacent to the gate church of the Intercession Holy Mother of God with a two-tier bell tower.
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This bell tower is a local architectural dominant and evokes involuntary enthusiastic feelings with its majestic beauty and, at the same time, a slight aspiration to the blue summer skies.
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The main gate of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. In the southern span of the gate (this is to the right of the central one), a chapel was built in honor of the Kazan Icon Mother of God And Consecrated August 28, 1905.
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The central arched span is the passage to the territory of the monastery.
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The first thing we see in front of us is the refectory building of the Church of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God...
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And to the right of it is the chapel-tomb of the Naryshkins.
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The gate church was built in 1690-96 by decree of Peter I in memory of Ivan and Athanasius Naryshkin above the western gates of the monastery with a two-tiered bell tower above them.
Square in plan, covered with a closed vault church with triple columns at the corners. Windows with architraves in the form of columns, with torn pediments. The bell tower of two octagonal structures with arched openings is decorated with pilasters ending in phials on the roof, panels, topped with a small cupola.
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The altar was transferred to the church from a dismantled wooden church, on the site of which the Bogolyubskaya church was built. The church is a clergyman's cell, with a special passage that communicates with the residence of the abbot of the monastery.
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After the Patriotic War of 1812, the church was devastated, it was abolished and restored only in 1865. After the October Revolution in 1924, the church was closed again. It was re-consecrated with a small rank on the day of the tercentenary - October 14, 1998.
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The Cathedral of St. Peter (on the left - in the photo below) served sample, starting point for the wholeline of development of the temples of the centriccompositions in Moscow architecturelate 17th - early 18th centuries, whichlargely determined byus the appearance of the most peculiar"Naryshkin baroque".
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This type of tiered temple was already being developed in the 1680s, but it showed its artistic potential most vividly and fully in a series of miniature estate buildings of 1690. Suffice it to point out that M.A. Ilyin considered the Cathedral of Metropolitan Peter the starting point, which determined the architectural solution of the glorified.
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Art critics agree in a single opinion about a strong the impact of the forms of this Petrovsky Cathedralmonastery for the development of tiered temples,including tower-shapedcompositions, rotundas and otherbelonging to this series of centricstructures (in terms of round,multifaceted, fourfold,eight-petal and others).
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Initially, on the site of the cathedral there was a wooden church in the name of the apostles Peter and Paul. After the death and canonization of Metropolitan Peter, the church was re-consecrated in his honor in 1339. In 1514-1517 the wooden church was rebuilt in stone by the architect Aleviz Novy. Essentially a cathedral from the 1510s. stands on the remains of the necropolis XIV(very likely) and XV centuries.
The cathedral was built in the form of an octagonal tower crowned with a helmet-shaped dome, which rises above the eight-petalled lower tier. Sometimes erroneously classified as "an octagon on a quadruple". The cathedral is one of the earliest examples of pillar-shaped temples in Russian architecture. The cathedral is small, it corresponds to the low wooden buildings of the original ensemble of the monastery.
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The eight-petalled tier of the temple bears an octagon of light, covered with a vault and completed with a faceted helmet-like covering. The large “petals” of the lower tier are located along the cardinal points and, together with the smaller ones lying diagonally, are covered with conchs. Entrances to the cathedral are located in the northern, southern and western ones, windows are cut through in the rest. The decoration of the facades is simple and concise. The pilasters, accentuating the corners of the octagon, are completed with a belt of brick cornice, along the bottom of which there is an arcade. The rounded shapes of the lower tier are united by an entablature and a high plinth.
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In 1690, the cathedral was partially rebuilt by the Naryshkins in the Moscow baroque style. Narrow windows were hewn, the plane of the walls was decorated with picturesque architraves and elegant portals, pilasters and an arched belt under the eaves. In the 16th century, the cathedral was surrounded on three sides by porches.
Not earlier than the second quarter of the 17th century. To the western portal is attachedporch with a vault on four pillars.The site was pavedwhite stone slabs, earlierserved as tombstones, alternatingfootboards and headboards.The most important featureallowing to date the porchmore precisely, is a wideuse in the construction of suchtombstones (generally traditionalin the practice of the 16th - 18th centuries). Theirused not only in the lining, but also in the foundation of the church.
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The church was consecrated in the presence of Tsars Peter and Ivan Alekseevich.
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As noted above, this place was previously a cemetery, possibly much earlier than the 15th century - here the first wooden church of the monastery was built on a low hillock. The cathedral was surrounded slabs of the earlynecropolis, and on three sides to the portalsled flat low openplatform porch.In this form, the cathedral, judging bystratigraphy, lasted until the XVIIcentury. He was gradually surroundedtombstones rapidly growingnecropolis, some of them were discovered during archaeologicalexcavations at this site.
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In 1689-90, the cathedral was repaired, a white-stone open gallery-porch was built around the temple. The cathedral was re-consecrated in the presence of Peter I. In 1691, the iconostasis was completed by Klim Mikhailov. In 1713-1714. the narrow windows of the cathedral were expanded into wide square openings.
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In the 1920s, together with the monastery, the cathedral was closed. The iconostasis remained in it until the early 1940s. Until the 1980s, the cathedral was used as a warehouse for the Directorate of Art Funds of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR. In 1984, the cathedral was restored in the forms of architecture of the 16th century by the architect B.P. Dedushenko during the restoration of the monastery complex.
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In the 1990s, the cathedral was transferred to the Patriarchal Compound of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. A new iconostasis was created for the temple and fresco painting was done in accordance with modern ideas about the paintings of ancient Russian churches. On January 3, 1998, the church was consecrated.
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The Cathedral of Metropolitan Peter evokes in the soul some sad, sad feelings and, at the same time, surprisingly inspiring ... To exacerbate the context, let's just imagine that many great princes, tsars, their courtiers, Peter I himself, numerous Naryshkins prayed in this cathedral , and indeed, this church, by definition, attracted many parishioners as a royal prayer place. Peter's Cathedral in a concentrated form just reflects all their thoughts, feelings, secret desires, hidden quiet requests ... You seem to be immersed in the multi-layered feeling of involvement in everything that happened both here and in our country in general. The fates of the Russian rulers and Russia were intertwined in this place with the fates of the Russian people, including pure spiritual messages from above... An inexplicable feeling of desire to stand for a long time, admire these simple laconic forms of ancient Russian architecture, at the same time sublime, majestic and harmonious, embraces you completely... Cathedral " spoke", telling his difficult and difficult story, reflecting and sharing his deep age-old wisdom...
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At the time of filming, work was still ongoing to recreate the frescoes of the cathedral, it was not very convenient to shoot, but you can already get an idea of \u200b\u200bthem.
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Near the Cathedral of St. Peter is the Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God. He erected by order of Peter Iin 1684-1685 on the site of a wooden church in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos of the 16th century over the graves of those killed in 1682 during the Streltsy revolt of Ivan and Athanasius Naryshkin, uncle Peter. Upon completion of construction in 1684, Tsaritsa Natalya Kirillovna and young Peter brought here from the Bogolyubsky Monastery a copy of the ancient miraculous Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
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The cathedral served as the tomb of the Naryshkins until 1774. In the refectory part of the temple in the late 17th - early 18th centuries, 18 relatives of Tsar Peter I from the Naryshkin family were buried, including his grandfather Kirill Poluektovich and grandmother Anna Leontyevna from the Leontyev family. There were six rows of burials, eighteen monuments. Inscriptions were carved on tombstones and on tombstones. On each were images of saints named after the buried. The monuments were covered with expensive red cloth.
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At the end of the 18th century, near the southwestern walls of the temple, Moscow masons laid a tomb-chapel, where they transferred the ashes of three representatives from the Naryshkin family, including the grandfather of Peter I, Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, who died in the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery. This a small stone building covered with a duct vault and crowned with a cupola. The walls are finished with smooth blades at the corners, crowned with a brick cornice. Above the dome is a white stone cross. IN All stone tombstones and the remains of the Naryshkin boyars were thrown out of the temple and tombs in Soviet times.
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The Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God is the second most important temple of the monastery. It is a traditional composition for the second half of the 17th century. Initially, the temple was surrounded on three sides by a low open gallery. In 1805, a part of the gallery was built up while the refectory was being enlarged. Other sections of the gallery disappeared along with the overgrown cultural layer.
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The decor of the facades is dominated by elements of traditional patterning: paired columns, a multi-profile crepe cornice, keeled kokoshniks framing the windows and at the base of the drums, which are decorated with an arched-columnar belt. However, the elongated proportions of the upper row of large rectangular windows, the uniformity in their design, are relatively new features. Inside, the space of the refectory is opened with three wide arches in a quadrangle, which gives the interior of the temple a vastness. In the southern apse of the temple, a mezzanine was made, where the sacristy was located, into which an internal staircase led. The arch that connected the diakonnik located under the sacristy with the central apse was laid later.
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During its existence, the cathedral almost did not undergo alterations, however, it was badly damaged during the capture of Moscow by Napoleon and after the October Revolution of 1917. Napoleonic soldiers smashed the white-stone tombstones of the Naryshkins, trying to find gold and other valuables inside them ... In the Bogolyubskaya church, the Napoleonic marshal Mortier, who served as governor of Moscow, pronounced death sentences on Muscovites accused of arson.
The unique iconostasis, made by Klim Mikhailov in 1687, with the icons of the masters Spiridon Grigoriev, Fyodor Zubov, Tikhon Filatiev and Mikhail Milyutin, was preserved until the cathedral was closed in 1929. After the revolution, the icons were broken out of the iconostasis and, according to the testimony of the Soviet sculptor Soslanbek Tavasiev, they were burned.
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In 1929, the cathedral was closed, the stone tombstones of the Naryshkins, as well as the dome and the cross, were destroyed in 1930 and restored only in 1982, along with the pommel cover, lost in the 18th century. Fragments of stucco molding of the 1740s and academic painting of the 18th-19th centuries remained inside the temple. At the moment, the interior of the cathedral is in need of restoration.On December 21, 2013, the first divine service since its closure in 1929 was held in the cathedral.
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Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh Built as a refectory church in 1690-1702 on the site of the southern wooden building of the monastery in the Naryshkin baroque style. Simultaneously with the church, the Fraternal cells were built, connected to it by an arched passage. The interior work and the iconostasis were completed in 1697. An image of the royal crown was placed above the central dome of the church.
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The temple was built by Peter I in honor of the founder and patron of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where Peter himself escaped from archers during civil strife. The temple is essentially a reduced copy of the refectory church of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. It stands in the middle of the monastery complex, dividing its territory in two.
The church is a two-height three-apse quadrangle with a refectory adjoining from the west and a front porch, on the basement, with a promenade on the arcades. This type of composition is widely developed in refectories major monasteries. Initially, the church was single-domed, but in 1702-1705 the arch and domes were redone. The walls of the quadrangle were built on and a new vault with a five-domed completion was erected on them, the quadrangle was decorated with kokoshniks with shells.
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The main throne is St. Sergius of Radonezh. Above the locker of the high porch there used to be a balcony, intended for royal exits during solemn divine services or religious processions. White stone was abundantly used in the external decoration of the building, from which complex frames of windows and portals, shells in kokoshniks, the bases of the necks of domes and other details are laid out.
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In 1808, the porch gallery and the overpass connecting the porch of the church with the galleries of the Fraternal Corps were dismantled. In 1862-1863 the church was repaired, the chapels of St. Alexis of Moscow and St. Mitrofan of Voronezh were equipped and consecrated, which were not restored later.
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In 1919, the church was closed, and the premises were given to the Central Medical Library, and then to the plant. In the 1930s, the domes with crosses were destroyed and restored by B.P. Dedushenko in the 1960s. In the 1980s, the church housed a rehearsal room for the Beryozka dance group. In 1992, a small consecration by the Patriarch was held in the church.
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We are now in the refectory of the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh ...
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This is a small belfry next to the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh at its entrance to the gallery leading to the southern part of the monastery.
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This is how the Church of St. Sergius looks from the south economic courtyard. Its facade has been plastered for a long time, but has not been painted for many years, which is disappointing, since the temple looks very advantageous from this angle and the church actually "floats" above its ancient vaulted basement...
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Another notable building of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is the Church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God, which was built in honor of the salvation of Peter I during the Streltsy rebellion of 1689, initiated by Sophia (Miloslavskaya) in order to kill the young tsar.
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The church was founded on the day of the celebration in honor of this icon, since on August 8, according to the old style, Peter I escaped this day within the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra from this archery revolt. The church was built in 1744-1750 between the bell tower and the Fraternal building of the Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery.
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The church is single-domed, on a basement, rectangular in plan, without pillars, with a 5-sided baroque apse. The western façade, which used to have an icon in the center, faces Petrovka. The walls outside are decorated with double pilasters, the cupola is cut through with narrow windows and decorated with volutes.
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The project of the temple belongs, presumably, to I.F. Michurin or his student. The church was built at the expense of the state lady N. A. Naryshkina, a relative of Peter I on the maternal side. The Tolga Church was closed after the October Revolution in 1926. At first, communal apartments were located in it, then the Rosisopropaganda warehouse. Restored by B.P. Dedushenko. It was re-consecrated on October 10, 1999 with a small rank. We will look into it in the third part - the interior of the church is very unusual and surprising...
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We are now on the second level of the so-called Naryshkin chambers above the vaulted passage to the southern courtyard of the monastery. A few words about the church of Peter and Paul, which we see now from afar.
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In 1753-1755, the abbot of the monastery, Archimandrite Pachomius, built a church in the southwestern corner of the monastery courtyard in the name of the Monk Pachomius the Great, his heavenly patron. The basis for it was the white stone gates of the former estate of the Naryshkins.
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This is exactly the same southern economic courtyard of the monastery that was once the estate of the Naryshkins, or rather the grandfather of Peter I - Cyril Poluektovich Naryshkin. Photo - view to the north from the side of the Church of Peter and Paul. To the right behind the walls is Krapivensky Lane.
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The brick Baroque Church of Peter and Paul is an octagon on a quadrangle, covered with a closed eight-channel vault with a decorative cupola and a protruding five-sided apse. The church is placed on an open grave, which unites the temple with the cells, and is decorated with pilasters, triangular pediments over the entrances, architraves with arched pediments, decorative blind niches and windows on the sides of the octagon with baroque frames. School architects D.V. Ukhtomsky.
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The temple was badly damaged during the Patriotic War of 1812 and until September 13, 1914 stood unconsecrated. The Church of the Apostles Peter and Paul is considered among the parishioners as an "unlucky" building. It has been closed for almost a century. By and large, these are the consequences of the destruction from the invasion of Napoleon's army.
The re-consecration of the church, at the request of the rector, Bishop Pavel of Olonetsky, was in the name of the holy chief apostles Peter and Paul. After the revolution, the temple was closed and given over to housing; in the 1980s, it was used as a locker room for restoration workers. To date, the Peter and Paul Church has not been restored, and is currently not used for worship.
Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address and website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.
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Pilgrims are attracted by Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery which is located in Moscow. But even tourists who are indifferent to Orthodoxy will find a lot of interesting things here. In the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery there are cathedrals of the church, magnificent from an architectural point of view, the main part of which was built in the 17-18 centuries.
The monastery has a long history: mentions of it are found in the letters of 1337. But the second life for the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery began only in the 1990s, when it was opened after a long neglect: the Orthodox activities of the monastery were stopped by the Bolsheviks in 1918. Restoration of buildings began in the 50s of the last century. The monks were able to re-settle in cells only in 2009.
What to see
There are seven temples on the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Almost a whole block on Petrovka, but for some reason few people know about the existence of this attraction. That is why the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is often called invisible.
From the inside, the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is much larger than it might seem to those who are outside its walls.
Another feature of the monastery: from the inside it is much larger than it may seem to those who are outside its walls.
The Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God welcomes pilgrims and ordinary tourists; its construction dates back to 1684. Near the cathedral, in the open air, as well as inside the temple, tourists will see many rich tombstones made of white stone. Some of them are decorated with coats of arms, the other - with skulls. For modern man the picture, if not frightening, then certainly a little gloomy. Although the reason for such decoration is quite simple: until 1774, the family tomb of the Naryshkins was located here.
The oldest building of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is located in the center of its square. Peter the Metropolitan Cathedral was built in 1514-1517.
The temple surprises not by its size: it is unlike any other in Moscow, it is an absolutely unique phenomenon of architecture. And people could see it only after restoration in the 20th century.
The fact is that Peter I was so carried away by his transformation of the temples of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery that the Cathedral of Peter the Metropolitan was almost completely remade in the Baroque style. But modern architects have restored historical justice.
The center of the life of the monks is the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Attentive tourists will notice next to him not quite fitting into architectural ensemble gazebo. And it is no coincidence, because it appeared here only in 2000 on the site of the one destroyed in Soviet times. At the same time, the church lost the aisles of Alexy of Moscow and Mitrofan of Voronezh, unfortunately, irrevocably.
Important for pilgrims, first of all, will be the shrines located in the monastery. The Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery keeps the Kazan and Tolga miraculous icons of the Mother of God.
Part of the relics of St. Peter, the miracle worker Metropolitan of Kyiv, Moscow and All Rus', is the main shrine of the monastery.
Part of the relics of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kyiv, Moscow and All Rus', the miracle worker - the main shrine of the monastery - is in the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Here you will also find relics of other Orthodox saints, including, of course, St. Sergius of Radonezh.
How to get there
The Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is located in the very center of the capital of Russia, between Petrovka, Petrovsky Boulevard and Krapivensky Lane. The attraction is only a 10-minute walk from the metro stations.
You need to navigate at the Chekhovskaya, Pushkinskaya, Trubnaya or Tverskaya stations.
Address: st. Petrovka, 28/2
How to get to the Petrovsky Monastery: from the station. metro Chekhovskaya go along Strastnoy Bulvar in the direction of increasing numbers to the street. Petrovka and turn right. From Art. metro Trubnaya go down the street. Neglinnaya to Rakhmanovsky lane, turn right at the intersection with the street. Petrovka turn right again and go to Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery.
Petrovsky, or as it is also called the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in Moscow, is one of the oldest monasteries in the capital. The territory of the monastery stretched for a whole block between Petrovka, Krapivensky Lane and Petrovsky Boulevard.
There are three versions of the founding of the Petrovsky Monastery in Moscow. According to one of them, the monastery was founded in 1325, when the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' Peter accepted the proposal of the Grand Duke Ivan Kalita to transfer the metropolitan see from Kyiv to Moscow. This contributed to the unification of the Russian lands around Moscow, and was the main goal of the prince. This version also has a legend explaining the choice of a place for the construction of the monastery. As if a few days before the death of the holy Metropolitan Peter, the prince drove past the place where the current Petrovsky Monastery stands. There was a mountain covered in snow. Right before the eyes of Prince Ivan, the snow melted, and then the mountain disappeared. In response to the prince’s amazing story, Metropolitan Peter replied: “The high mountain is you, prince, and the snow is me, humble. I must depart from this life before you. And as if in memory of this event, Ivan Kalita built a church on this site in honor of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
According to the second version, the monastery was founded by Metropolitan Peter himself in the name of the apostles Peter and Paul, and at first it was called Petropavlovsky, and at the beginning of the 16th century it was re-consecrated in the name of its founder, Saint and Metropolitan of Moscow Peter. And there is a third assumption, which says that the Petrovsky Monastery was founded by Dmitry Donskoy, who built it on the site of the old Bogolyubskaya church from the time of Ivan Kalita or renewed the monastery after the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. In the Petrovsky Monastery, in the first of all Moscow monasteries, a communal charter was introduced, this was done by the archimandrite of the monastery John.
According to another legend, the area on which the monastery was founded was in ancient times the village of Vysotsky or Vysokoye, which was located on the banks of the Neglinnaya River, and possibly belonged to the boyar Kuchka himself, and until the end of the 16th century was not included in the city limits. Here, "on Petrovka", the estates of wealthy and influential statesmen of that time were located: princes Shcherbatov, Gagarin, the governor of Moscow, prince Romadanovsky and others. When the Neglinnaya River was piped, Petrovka Street turned into a prestigious street that competed with the Kuznetsky Bridge.
From the very beginning, the Petrovsky Monastery was one of the guardian monasteries located near the northern borders of Moscow. The monastery suffered great damage from the Tatar hordes, and in 1492 a fire damaged the monastery buildings so much that they had to be rebuilt almost from scratch. In 1514, the old wooden cathedral was dismantled, and in three years the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin built a new stone church on the vacant site, which was consecrated in honor of Metropolitan Peter of Moscow. Apparently, the order for the reconstruction of the cathedral came from a royal person, this is also evidenced by the participation of the architect Fryazin, who was popular in those years.
In the old days, the road to Bozhedomka, to the “wretched house”, passed by the Petrovsky Cathedral, where the bodies of the unknown, suicides and those who died a violent death were collected, and buried there in the churchyard. In the 17th century, a religious procession departed from the Petrovsky Monastery twice a year. The priests buried all the dead and performed all the necessary church rituals.
At the end of the 17th century, by order of Peter I, the old Bogolyubskaya church was rebuilt in the Petrovsky Monastery, which became the burial place of the Naryshkins - relatives along his mother's side. The renewal of the monastery at the end of the 17th century is also connected with the Naryshkins; it is known that the family donated significant funds to the monastery. The Emperor Peter the Great also took an active part in the fate of the monastery. By decree of the emperor, in memory of his salvation from the conspiracy of Princess Sophia in 1689, a heated church of St. Sergius of Radonezh was built here. And later, the Church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God was founded, which after the revolution entered the Tretyakov Gallery.
In 1690, a new temple was erected on the site of the cathedral built by Aleviz Fryazin. Simultaneously with the construction of the temple, stone walls appeared near the monastery, which have survived to this day. By decree of Peter I, the confiscated property of a certain Mavra Zamytskaya, the widow of the royal steward, was transferred to the Petrovsky Monastery, and a full-length silk portrait of Patriarch Nikon, made of natural silk, belonging to the disgraced Prince Vasily Golitsyn, was transferred to the monastery.
In 1812, the stone tombs of the Naryshkins, decorated with red velvet and images, were plundered by Napoleonic soldiers, expecting to find countless treasures in them. In the Bogolyubskaya church, the Napoleonic marshal Mortier, who served as governor of Moscow, pronounced death sentences on Muscovites accused of arson.
After the revolution of 1917, the Petrovsky Monastery sheltered the bishops who had lost their chairs, and in 1926 it was finally closed. The tomb of the Naryshkins was partially destroyed. A hat workshop was opened in the monastery chambers, a tea shop began to work. A sports hall was equipped in the Sergius Church, and an exposition of the State Literary Museum was placed in the fraternal cells. The Petrovsky Cathedral of the monastery became a warehouse of artistic funds.
In the 1950s, restoration work began at the Petrovsky Monastery, which dragged on for a very long time. Finally, in the 1990s, the monastery was reopened, and the Russian Orthodox University began its activities within its walls.
Historical reference:
1325 - the approximate date of the founding of the Petrovsky Monastery
1492 - the fire damaged the monastic buildings so much that they had to be rebuilt almost from scratch
the end of the 17th century - by order of Peter I, the old Bogolyubskaya church was rebuilt in the Petrovsky Monastery, which became the burial place of the Naryshkins
1690 - a new temple was erected on the site of the cathedral built by Aleviz Fryazin
1812 - the stone tombs of the Naryshkins, decorated with red velvet and images, were plundered by Napoleonic soldiers
1917 - Petrovsky Monastery sheltered bishops who had lost their chairs
1926 - Petrovsky Monastery was closed
1950s - restoration work began in the Petrovsky Monastery
1990s - the monastery was reopened, and the Russian Orthodox University began its activities within its walls
Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is one of the oldest monasteries in the city of Moscow. His possessions occupy almost a whole block and are enclosed between, and Krapivensky lane.
The history of the monastery is closely connected with the formation of the great Moscow principality.
Back in 1325, Ivan Kalita, preoccupied with the unification of Russian lands around Moscow, suggested that Metropolitan Peter of Kyiv and All Rus' transfer the metropolitan see from Kyiv to the city's vicinity, to which the patriarch agreed.
A place for the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery was allocated on the banks of the river near the village of Vysokoye. The first religious building built on this site was a wooden church in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. Based on this, the monastery was originally called Peter and Paul.
Photo 1. Vysokopetrovsky monastery is located on Petrovka street, 28/2
In 1326 Metropolitan Peter dies. His resting place was the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin. After some time, the pilgrims who visited his grave started talking about cases of healing from various ailments. Based on these facts, Constantinople Ecumenical Council canonized the patriarch as a saint in 1339.
Ivan Kalita, in turn, also decided to perpetuate the name of Patriarch Peter and re-consecrated the Church of Peter and Paul in the name of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow. The monastery itself began to be called Petrovsky.
In addition to its direct purpose, the Petrovsky Monastery also served as one of the defensive structures of the city, protecting Moscow from the north. The northern defensive ring also included Strastnoy, Nikitsky and monasteries.
Photo 2. Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery (ensemble of buildings) in Moscow
At the end of the fifteenth century, Grand Duke Vasily III decides to decorate Moscow with the then environs with buildings and temples built of stone. For these purposes, the Italian architect Alevizio Lambert or Montagnano, better known to posterity as Aleviz Fryazin Novy, is invited to the capital.
One of the projects of the great architect, in addition to the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral and the Cathedral of the Smolensk Icon of Our Lady in the Novodevichy Convent, was the Church of Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow, which is on the territory of the monastery in the settlement of Vysokoye. The religious building was built in the period from 1514 to 1517.
The heyday of the Moscow Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in the last quarter of the seventeenth century is associated with the patronage of the noble family of the Naryshkin boyars, who were maternal relatives of the future Emperor Peter I.
The fact is that their Moscow possessions were located next to the monastery walls (over time, the Naryshkin chambers became part of the complex of local buildings), and therefore the monastery became a favorite place of prayer for this family. The mother of Peter the Great, Natalia Kirilovna, also often visited here (there is an assumption that she named her son in honor of the revered and beloved Saint Peter).
In 1694, the monks of the Bogolyubsky monastery presented young Peter with an icon - a list of the miraculous image of the Bogolyubsky icon of the Mother of God, in honor of which the future emperor ordered in 1684 to build a temple of the same name on the site of the Intercession Church. The religious building became the tomb of the Naryshkin boyars. 18 relatives of the great Peter I are buried under its vaults.
On the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, next to the Bogolyubskaya Church, there is a small chapel erected over the grave of Cyril Naryshkin.
In the 90s of the seventeenth century, the Holy Gates appeared in the monastery with a temple in the name of the Intercession of the Virgin and a bell tower in two tiers. The order for the construction was given by Peter I himself, who thus wanted to perpetuate the memory of his uncles - Ivan and Athanasius, who died before his eyes during the Streltsy revolt that took place in May 1682. In addition, cells with a small church were built in the southern part of the monastery territory, in which the monks prayed for the slain.
After the return of Peter the Great from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where he was hiding from the Streltsy rebellion of 1682 and 1689, he ordered to build a temple in the name of Sergius of Radonezh in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in honor of his salvation.
The end of the seventeenth century was marked by a struggle for power between young Peter, who settled in the Petrovsky Monastery, and Tsarevna Sophia, his sister, who chose her residence.
Peter strengthens the walls of the monastery, in the place of the central cross of the temple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, he orders to strengthen the crown - a symbol of royal power, and also to build a royal porch near this shrine, from which he later watched the passing processions.
After his victory over Princess Sophia, the young tsar stopped strengthening the monastery as a fortress.
Two new religious buildings on the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery appeared already during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna. So, in 1744, a church was built here in the name of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God according to the project of the architect I.F. Michurin (the funds were allocated by the lady of state N.A. Naryshkina). In the period from 1753 to 1755, a temple in the name of Pachomius the Great appeared above the southern gate of the monastery, built at the expense of the then rector, Archimandrite Pachomius.
The events of 1812 did not pass by the Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery. The buildings were significantly destroyed and desecrated. So, the church in the name of Pachomius the Great was re-consecrated only 100 years later. In addition, on the territory of the monastery, the French shot the inhabitants of Moscow, who were accused of setting fire to the capital at that time. The bodies of the victims were buried near the monastery bell tower.
The Bolsheviks abolished the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in 1922, and the last services in one of the churches took place in 1929.
In the Bogolyubsky temple-tomb, a mechanical plant was set up, having previously cleared it of all tombstones. The church in the name of Sergius of Radonezh was turned into a sports hall, later given to the famous Beryozka ensemble for rehearsals. A hat workshop and a catering point were placed in the monastery chambers.
Story
Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was founded in the XIV century by St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus'. The saint transferred the metropolitan see to Moscow, after which the city began to rise as the church and state center of Rus'. Among its builders and benefactors: Princes John Kalita and Dimitry Donskoy, Grand Duke Vasily III, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, Emperor Peter I, St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. Saints Mitrofan of Voronezh and Saint Tikhon, Patriarch of Moscow, served in the churches of the monastery. Nine clerics, monks and parishioners of the monastery were glorified in the Cathedral of New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia.
The architectural ensemble of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was formed from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th centuries and is a well-preserved architectural monument"Naryshkin baroque".
Most ancient temple monastery - the Cathedral of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus', erected at the beginning of the 16th century by the architect Aleviz Fryazin, the builder of the Archangel Cathedral of the Kremlin. The cathedral was erected on the site of an older wooden church.
In 1684, during a pilgrimage to Bogolyubovo, Natalia Kirillovna and her royal son, Peter was presented with a copy of the miraculous Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God. For the sake of the miracles that were from this icon and in memory of his murdered uncles, the young tsar signed a Decree on the construction of a stone church over the graves of his uncles in honor of the Bogolyubskaya icon of the Most Holy Theotokos. The wooden Church of the Intercession was ordered to be dismantled and its altar moved to a new gate church in the monastery bell tower, which was planned at the same time. A list was put up in the Bogolyubsky Cathedral miraculous icon, brought by the king from the Bogolyubsky monastery. The Bogolyubsky Cathedral of the monastery became the family burial place of the boyars Naryshkins, ancestors and relatives of Emperor Peter I.
The struggle of Peter I for power with his half-sister Sophia, who actually ruled the state for the young tsars, ended in his complete victory in 1689. This was preceded, however, by the flight of the 17-year-old tsar, informed of the impending assassination attempt on the archers, from Moscow to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, under the protection of St. Sergius. In memory of this salvation and in gratitude to St. Sergius, by decree of Peter I in 1690-93, on the border between the former territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery and the former estate of the Naryshkins, a refectory church was erected in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh, the prototype of which was the refectory built several years earlier temple in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. As a sign of the special closeness of the monastery and the crowned family, the cross of the main dome of the Sergius and Bogolyubsky churches was crowned with the sign of the royal crown.
Significant damage to the monastery was caused during the Patriotic War of 1812. In it, a thousand French cavalrymen stopped to wait. All the temples of the monastery were desecrated and plundered, although Archimandrite Ioanniky managed to take the sacristy and especially valuable relics to Yaroslavl. Marshal Mortier, appointed military governor of Moscow by Napoleon, set up his residence in the monastery. Here he sentenced Muscovites suspected of setting fire to the city to death. They were shot at the monastery walls from the side of Petrovsky Boulevard and were buried right there in the monastery, near the bell tower. At the same time, a slaughterhouse was set up in the monastery. However, at the same time, the owner of the slaughterhouse decided to provide some protection to the monks who remained in the monastery and allowed them to perform divine services in one of the temples. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, the temple could not accommodate all the worshipers. Here, as in some other churches of occupied Moscow, prayers were raised during divine services for the victory of Russian weapons.
On September 9 (22), 1918, the last meeting of the Conference of Bishops on the Rules of the Sacred Local Council of the Orthodox Russian Church took place in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. It was chaired by His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon. Saint Tikhon repeatedly performed services in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery during the patronal feasts of the temples of the monastery.
According to the Decree "On the separation of church from state and school from church" of January 20 (February 2), 1918, all church property was nationalized. The last temple on the territory of the monastery was closed in 1929.
And even when the monastery was officially closed in 1918, and all church property was nationalized, it continued to operate secretly here in the 1920s and 1930s. It was the largest monastic community in the USSR, whose life was built according to the monastic charter, where eldership flourished (taken over from Zosimova and Optina Pustina) and monastic tonsures were performed (and in order not to attract too much attention of the authorities, work in secular institutions was imputed to novices as a holy monastic obedience).
Rectors of theological academies were often appointed as abbots of the monastery. The monastery, despite its scarcity, provided its territory and buildings to needy church educational institutions: in 1786, ten students of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy found shelter here; from 1822 to 1834 - premises were provided for the Zaikonospassky district religious school;
From 1863 until the revolutionary events of 1917, the Society of Spiritual Enlightenment Lovers operated within the walls of the monastery, the diocesan library and the spiritual and censorship committee of the Russian Church were located. She made a feasible contribution to promoting a healthy lifestyle among the population - a branch of the Varnavinsky sobriety society functioned within the walls of the monastery.
Several years after the revolution, the underground Moscow Theological Academy continued to operate under the monastery community.
Since 1991, parish life began to be restored in the churches of the monastery and divine services were performed.
On October 10, 2009, by the decision of His Holiness the Patriarch and the Holy Synod, monastic life was revived in the monastery.
The main shrine of the monastery is the venerated icon with the holy relics of St. Peter of Moscow.