Sergius of Radonezh short biography. Sergei of Radonezh: his life and exploits, brief and accessible A message about the exploits of Sergius of Radonezh
Years in the village of Varnitsy, near Rostov, in the family of pious and noble boyars Kirill and Maria, he received the name Bartholomew at baptism.
From the first days of his life, the baby surprised everyone by fasting; on Wednesdays and Fridays he did not accept mother’s milk; on other days, if Maria ate meat, the baby also refused mother’s milk. Noticing this, Maria completely refused to eat meat.
At the age of seven, Bartholomew was sent to study with his two brothers - the elder Stefan and the younger Peter. His brothers studied successfully, but Bartholomew lagged behind in his studies, although the teacher worked with him a lot. The parents scolded the child, the teacher punished him, and his comrades mocked him for his stupidity. Then Bartholomew with tears prayed to the Lord to grant him book understanding. One day his father sent Bartholomew to fetch horses from the field. On the way, he met an Angel sent by God in a monastic form: an old man stood under an oak tree in the middle of a field and prayed. Bartholomew approached him and, bowing, began to wait for the end of the elder’s prayer. He blessed the boy, kissed him and asked what he wanted. Bartholomew replied: “With all my soul I wish to learn to read and write, Holy Father, pray to God for me, so that He will help me learn to read and write.” The monk fulfilled Bartholomew's request, raised his prayer to God and, blessing the youth, said to him: “From now on, God gives you, my child, to understand literacy, you will surpass your brothers and peers.” At the same time, the elder took out a vessel and gave Bartholomew a piece of prosphora: “Take, child, and eat,” he said. “This is given to you as a sign of God’s grace and for the understanding of Holy Scripture.” The elder wanted to leave, but Bartholomew asked him to visit his parents’ house. The parents greeted the guest with honor and offered refreshments. The elder replied that first one should taste spiritual food, and ordered their son to read the Psalter. Bartholomew began to read harmoniously, and the parents were surprised at the change that had taken place in their son. Saying goodbye, the elder prophetically predicted about St. Sergius: “Your son will be great before God and people. He will become the chosen abode of the Holy Spirit.” From then on, the holy youth easily read and understood the contents of books. With special zeal, he began to delve deeper into prayer, not missing a single service. Already as a child, he imposed a strict fast on himself, did not eat anything on Wednesdays and Fridays, and on other days he ate only bread and water.
For centuries, the relics of St. Sergius rested in the Trinity Lavra, which he founded, being one of the greatest shrines of the Russian Church. Naturally, they were one of the first targets of the anti-church struggle unleashed by the atheists who came to power after the October Revolution in the year. The closure of the Lavra was preceded by the blasphemous opening of the relics of St. Sergius in the year, which was one of the main links in the authorities’ broad campaign to open the holy relics. When the Lavra was closed in the year, the holy relics were placed in a museum. Before this, priest Pavel Florensky and Count Yuri Alexandrovich Olsufiev, with the blessing of Patriarch Tikhon, secretly hid the honest head of the saint from everyone. Only in the year, after the Lavra, along with the holy relics, was returned to the Church, the honest head was reunited with the body.
Prayers
Troparion to Sergius, Abbot of Radonezh, Wonderworker of All Russia, tone 4
As an ascetic of virtues, / like a true warrior of Christ God, / you labored in the passion of great men in the temporal life, / in singing, vigils and fasting, you became your disciple; / In the same way, the Most Holy Spirit dwells in you, / By whose action you are brightly adorned. / But as having the boldness to Holy Trinity, / remember the flock that you have gathered, wise, / and do not forget, as you promised, / visiting your children, / Reverend Sergius, our father.
Troparion, tone 8
From your youth you received Christ in your soul, reverend, / and most of all you desired to evade worldly rebellion, / you courageously moved into the desert, / and you raised the children of obedience in it, the fruits of humility. / Thus, having lived in the Trinity, / through your miracles you enlightened everyone who came to you with faith, / and abundantly provided healing to everyone. / Our Father Sergius, pray to Christ God to save our souls.
Troparion, voice of the same
In the purity of your life, you have collected the source of your tears, / confessions, and the sweat of labor, / and you have poured out a spiritual font, O holy Sergius, / washing away the defilement of both your soul and body in the depravity that creates love in your memory. / For these sake, thy children, we cry unto thee: / pray, Father, to the Holy Trinity for our souls.
Troparion for the Finding of Relics, Tone 4
Today the reigning city of Moscow shines brightly, / as if we are illuminated by the lightning dawns, lightning of your miracles, / the whole universe is convening / to praise you, God-wise Sergius, / your most honorable and glorious abode, / even in the name of the Holy Trinity you created your many works, Father, / if your disciples have your flocks within you, / you will be filled with gladness and joy. / We, celebrating the glorious discovery of your honorable relics, in the hidden lands, / like a fragrant flower and a fragrant censer, / kindly I kiss, various healings are acceptable / and through your prayers we are honored with the forgiveness of sins, / Father Reverend Sergius, / pray to the Holy Trinity to save souls our.
Kontakion, tone 8
Having been wounded by Christ’s love, reverend, / and following that irrevocable desire, / you hated all carnal pleasure, / and like the sun of your Fatherland you shone, / thus Christ enriched you with the gift of miracles. / Remember us, who honor your blessed memory, and we call to you: / Rejoice, Sergius the God-Wise.
In kontakion, voice the same
As an equal to the incorporeal, / you have surpassed all the saints through the labors of fasting and vigils of prayer, the wise Sergius, / therefore you have received from God to heal ailments and drive away demons / and for this reason we cry out to you: / Rejoice, Father Reverend Sergius.
Kontakion for the Finding of Relics, Tone 8
Today, like the sun, your venerable relics have shone forth from the earth, appearing imperishable, / like a fragrant flower, shining with many miracles, / and exuding various healings to all the faithful, / and cheerfully your chosen flock, / you have gathered wisely and shepherded them well, / For them even now you stand before the Trinity, praying, / and we all cry out to you: / Rejoice, Sergius the God-Wise.
Troparion of St. Sergius and Nikon of Radonezh, tone 8
Like the three-bright sun of the luminous stars, / You illuminate the hearts of the faithful with the Trinity light, / the vessels of the Light of the Most Holy Trinity appeared, / and through your wonderful life as a monk, the establishment of the law was quickly established, / and the splendor of the churches, and the faithful, and the saint, and all people, / for all the demonic filth having driven away from here / with your pure teachings and deeds, / kindly shepherd the flock gathered by you, / but even now we pray to you: visit your children, / as they have boldness towards the Holy Trinity, / the wise God, Sergius with his wonderful disciple Nikon, / and pray to Christ May God save our souls.
Kontakion St. Sergius and Nikon of Radonezh, tone 8
In fasting, having joined the Great Anthony / and Euthymius of Jerusalem, jealous of the labors, / like angels, appearing on earth, / enlightening, reverend, faithful hearts / Divine signs and wonders always, / for this sake we joyfully honor you and cry out to you with love: / Rejoice, reverend Fathers Sergius and Nikon, / the fertilization of the fasting man and the entire Russian land is a great affirmation.
Literature
- Life (large)
- Life (large, divided into separate chapter pages)
Used materials
- Life (according to the "Handbook of a Clergyman"):
- Complete Troparion, Publishing house "Trinity", 2006, vol. 1, p. 71-73, 81, 82.
- Andronik (Trubachev), Abbot, "The Fate of the Head of St. Sergius", ZhMP, 2001, No. 4, p. 33-53.
On October 8, the Orthodox Church honors the memory of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Sergius of Radonezh is truly a national saint, close to everyone Orthodox person. Let us remember his 7 exploits, strengthening faith and inspiring its deeds.
VICTORY OVER DEMONS AND TAMING BEASTS
The Monk Sergius seems to many to be a blessed old man, whose holiness was felt by the wild animals who came to “touch” her. However, in fact, Sergius went into the forest as a young man at the age of about twenty. At first, he constantly struggled with demonic temptations, defeating them with fervent prayer. Demons tried to drive him out of the forest, threatening him with an attack by wild animals and painful death. The saint remained adamant, called on God and thus was saved. He also prayed when wild animals appeared, and therefore they never attacked him. The saint shared every meal with the bear, so often depicted next to Sergius, and sometimes even gave it up to the hungry animal. “Let no one be surprised at this, knowing truly that if God lives in a person and the Holy Spirit rests on him, then all creation submits to him,” says the life of this saint.
BLESSING OF THE MONKS FOR WAR
This event is one of the most famous and most unexpected in the history of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra. Everyone knows that monks and weapons, and especially war, are “two incompatible things,” but, like any too broad rule, this rule was once refuted by life. Two monks, later canonized, went to the Battle of Kulikovo with arms in hand with the blessing of St. Sergius. In single combat before the battle, one of them, Alexander Peresvet, defeated the Tatar hero Chelubey, and this determined the victory of the Russian army. Peresvet himself died in the process. The second monk, tonsured Andrei (Oslyabya), according to legend, dressed in the armor of Prince Dmitry, killed in the battle, and so led the army.
It is surprising that Sergius of Radonezh himself “sent” Peresvet and Oslyabya to the great battle to help Prince Dmitry, who asked the saint only for spiritual help. Before the battle, he tonsured the monks into the great schema.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
The evidence of how the Monk Sergius of Radonezh received communion was hidden from people until his dormition. This secret was kept by Simon, a disciple of the saint, who had a vision during the communion of St. Sergius of Radonezh at the liturgy. Simon saw fire walking along the holy altar, illuminating the altar and surrounding the Holy Table on all sides. “When the Reverend wanted to take communion, the Divine fire coiled up like some kind of shroud and entered the holy chalice, and the Reverend took communion with it. Seeing all this, Simon was filled with horror and trembling and remained silent, marveling at the miracle...” The monk understood from the face of his disciple that he had been granted a miraculous vision, and Simon confirmed this. Then Sergius of Radonezh asked him not to tell anyone about what he saw until the Lord took him away.
RESURRECTION OF A BOY
The Life of Saint Sergius tells that the saint once resurrected a man with his prayers. This was a boy whose father, a devout believer, carried his sick son through the cold so that Saint Sergius would heal him. The man’s faith was strong, and he walked with the thought: “If only I could bring my son alive to the man of God, and there the child will definitely recover.” But due to the severe frost and the long journey, the sick child became completely weak and died on the road. Having reached Saint Sergius, the inconsolable father said: “Woe is me!” Ah, man of God! With my misfortune and tears, I hurried to get to you, believing and hoping to receive consolation, but instead of consolation I only acquired even greater sorrow. I would have been better off if my son had died at home. Woe is me, woe! What to do now? What could be more bitter and terrible than this? Then he left the cell to prepare a coffin for his child.
Sergius of Radonezh prayed for a long time on his knees with the deceased, and suddenly the child came to life and began to move, his soul returned to his body. The saint told the returning father that the child had not died, but was only exhausted from the frost, and now, in the warmth, he had warmed up. This miracle became known from the words of the saint’s disciple.
FEAT OF HUMILITY
The Monk Sergius of Radonezh could have become a metropolitan, a bishop, but he refused to even become the abbot of his monastery. He asked Metropolitan Alexy of All Rus' to appoint an abbot to the monastery, and, hearing his name in response, did not agree, saying: “I am not worthy.” Only when the Metropolitan reminded the saint about monastic obedience, he replied: “As the Lord pleases, so be it.” Blessed be the Lord forever!”
However, when Alexy was dying and offered Sergius to become his successor, he refused. The saint repeated his refusal after the death of the metropolitan, all with the same words: “I am not worthy.”
BREAD FOR MOSCOW
In besieged Moscow, many Orthodox Christians one day saw a completely gray-haired old man leading twelve carts with bread. No one could understand how this procession made its way through the impregnable guards and many enemy troops. “Tell me, father, where are you from?” - they asked the elder, and he joyfully answered everyone: “We are warriors from the monastery of the Most Holy and Life-Giving Trinity" This elder, whom some saw and others did not, inspired Muscovites to continue the struggle and assured them of victory. And in the monastery of the miracle worker they said that the appearance of the elders in Moscow with bread was on the day when the Reverend appeared in the monastery to the sexton Irinarch and said: “I sent three of my disciples to Moscow, and their arrival will not go unnoticed in the reigning city.”
THE TOPPED KING
The Grand Duke of All Rus' Ivan Vasilyevich and Grand Duchess Sophia had three daughters, but did not have an heir. Christ-loving Sophia decided to go on a pilgrimage - on foot to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra from Moscow itself to pray for the birth of sons. Near the village of Klementyevo, located not far from the monastery, she met a magnificent priest with a baby in her arms. Sophia immediately understood from the appearance of the wanderer that in front of her was St. Sergius. Further, the life tells: “He approached the Grand Duchess - and suddenly threw the baby into her bosom. And immediately he became invisible.” Sophia reached the holy monastery and prayed there for a long time and kissed the relics of the saint. And upon returning home, she conceived in the womb the God-given heir to the royal throne, Grand Duke Vasily, who was born on the Feast of the Annunciation and was baptized in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
Sergius of Radonezh (c. 1314-1392) is revered by the Russian Orthodox Church as a saint and is considered the greatest ascetic of the Russian land. He founded the Trinity-Sergius Lavra near Moscow, which was formerly called the Trinity Monastery. Sergius of Radonezh preached the ideas of hesychasm. He understood these ideas in his own way. In particular, he rejected the idea that only monks would enter the kingdom of God. “All good ones will be saved,” Sergius taught. He became, perhaps, the first Russian spiritual thinker who not only imitated Byzantine thought, but also creatively developed it. The memory of Sergius of Radonezh is especially revered in Russia. It was this ascetic monk who blessed Dmitry of Moscow and his cousin Vladimir Serpukhovsky to fight the Tatars. Through his lips, the Russian Church for the first time called for the fight against the Horde.
We know about the life of St. Sergius from Epiphanius the Wise, a master of “weaving words.” “The Life of Sergius of Radonezh” was written by him in his declining years in 1417-1418. in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. According to his testimony, in 1322, a son, Bartholomew, was born to the Rostov boyar Kirill and his wife Maria. This family was once rich, but then became poor and, fleeing persecution from the servants of Ivan Kalita, around 1328 they were forced to move to Radonezh, a city that belonged to the youngest son of the Grand Duke Andrei Ivanovich. At the age of seven, Bartholomew began to be taught to read and write in a church school; learning was difficult for him. He grew up as a quiet and thoughtful boy, who gradually decided to leave the world and devote his life to God. His parents themselves took monastic vows at the Khotkovsky Monastery. It was there that his elder brother Stephen took the vow of monasticism. Bartholomew, having bequeathed property to his younger brother Peter, went to Khotkovo and began to become a monk under the name of Sergius.
The brothers decided to leave the monastery and set up a cell in the forest, ten miles from it. Together they cut down the church and consecrated it in honor of the Holy Trinity. Around 1335, Stefan could not stand the hardships and went to the Moscow Epiphany Monastery, leaving Sergius alone. A period of difficult trials began for Sergius. His solitude lasted about two years, and then monks began to flock to him. They built twelve cells and surrounded them with a fence. Thus, in 1337, the Trinity-Sergius Monastery was born, and Sergius became its abbot.
He led the monastery, but this leadership had nothing to do with power in the usual, secular sense of the word. As they say in the Life, Sergius was “like a bought slave” for everyone. He cut down cells, carried logs, performed difficult work, fulfilling to the end his vow of monastic poverty and service to his neighbor. One day he ran out of food, and after starving for three days, he went to the monk of his monastery, a certain Daniel. He was going to add a porch to his cell and was waiting for carpenters from the village. And so the abbot invited Daniel to do this work. Daniel was afraid that Sergius would ask a lot from him, but he agreed to work for rotten bread, which was no longer possible to eat. Sergius worked all day, and in the evening Daniel “brought him a sieve of rotten bread.”
Also, according to the Life, he “took every opportunity to establish a monastery where he found it necessary.” According to one contemporary, Sergius “with quiet and meek words” could act on the most hardened and hardened hearts; very often reconciled princes warring among themselves. In 1365 he sent him to Nizhny Novgorod to reconcile the quarreling princes. Along the way, in passing, Sergius found time to create a wasteland in the wilderness of the Gorokhovets district in a swamp near the Klyazma River and erect a temple of the Holy Trinity. He settled there “elders of the desert hermits, and they ate bast trees and mowed hay in the swamp.” In addition to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, Sergius founded the Annunciation Monastery on Kirzhach, Staro-Golutvin near Kolomna, the Vysotsky Monastery, and the St. George Monastery on Klyazma. He appointed his disciples as abbots in all these monasteries. More than 40 monasteries were founded by his students, for example, Savva (Savvino-Storozhevsky near Zvenigorod), Ferapont (Ferapontov), Kirill (Kirillo-Belozersky), Sylvester (Voskresensky Obnorsky). According to his life, Sergius of Radonezh performed many miracles. People came to him from different cities for healing, and sometimes even just to see him. According to the life, he once resurrected a boy who died in his father’s arms when he was carrying the child to the saint for healing.
Having reached a very old age, Sergius, having foreseen his death within six months, called the brethren to him and blessed a disciple experienced in spiritual life and obedience, the Monk Nikon, to become abbess. Sergius died on September 25, 1392 and was soon canonized. This happened during the lifetime of people who knew him. An incident that was never repeated.
30 years later, on July 5, 1422, his relics were found incorrupt, as evidenced by Pachomius Logofet. Therefore, this day is one of the days of remembrance of the saint. On April 11, 1919, during the campaign to open the relics, the relics of Sergius of Radonezh were opened in the presence of a special commission with the participation of church representatives. The remains of Sergius were found in the form of bones, hair and fragments of the rough monastic robe in which he was buried. Pavel Florensky became aware of the upcoming opening of the relics, and with his participation (in order to protect the relics from the possibility of complete destruction), the head of St. Sergius was secretly separated from the body and replaced with the head of Prince Trubetskoy, buried in the Lavra. Until the relics of the Church were returned, the head of St. Sergius was kept separately. In 1920-1946. the relics were in a museum located in the monastery building. On April 20, 1946, the relics of Sergius were returned to the Church. Currently, the relics of St. Sergius are in the Trinity Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
Sergius of Radonezh embodied the idea of a communal monastery in Rus'. Previously, monks, when they entered the monastery, continued to own property. There were poor and rich monks. Naturally, the poor soon became servants of their wealthier brothers. This, according to Sergius, contradicted the very idea of monastic brotherhood, equality, and striving for God. Therefore, in his Trinity Monastery, founded near Moscow near Radonezh, Sergius of Radonezh forbade the monks to have private property. They had to give their wealth to the monastery, which became, as it were, a collective owner. The monasteries needed property, in particular land, only so that the monks who devoted themselves to prayer had something to eat. As we see, Sergius of Radonezh was guided by the highest thoughts and struggled with monastic wealth. Sergius' disciples became the founders of many monasteries of this type. However, later the communal monasteries became the largest land owners, who, by the way, also possessed great movable wealth - money, precious things received as deposits for the funeral of the soul. The Trinity-Sergius Monastery under Vasily II the Dark received an unprecedented privilege: its peasants did not have the right to move on St. George’s Day - thus, on the scale of one monastic estate, serfdom first appeared in Rus'.
SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
Sergius of Radonezh (in the world Bartholomew) is a saint, reverend, the greatest ascetic of the Russian land, a transformer of monasticism in Northern Rus'. Came from a noble family; His parents, Kirill and Maria, belonged to the Rostov boyars and lived on their estate near Rostov, where Sergius was born in 1314 (according to others - in 1319). At first, his learning to read and write was very unsuccessful, but then, thanks to patience and work, he managed to familiarize himself with the Holy Scriptures and became addicted to the church and monastic life. Around 1330, Sergius's parents, reduced to poverty, had to leave Rostov and settled in the city of Radonezh (54 versts from Moscow). After their death, Sergius went to the Khotkovo-Pokrovsky Monastery, where his elder brother, Stefan, spent the night. Striving for “the strictest monasticism”, to live in the wilderness, he did not stay here long and, having convinced Stephen, together with him he founded a hermitage on the banks of the Konchura River, in the middle of the remote Radonezh forest, where he built (around 1335) a small wooden church in the name of the Holy Trinity, on the site of which now stands a cathedral church also in the name of the Holy Trinity. Soon Stefan left him; Left alone, Sergius accepted monasticism in 1337. After two or three years, monks began to flock to him; a monastery was formed, and Sergius was its second abbot (the first was Mitrofan) and presbyter (from 1354), setting an example for everyone with his humility and hard work. Gradually his fame grew: everyone began to turn to the monastery, from peasants to princes; many settled next to her and donated their property to her. At first, suffering from extreme need for everything necessary, the hermitage turned into a rich monastery. The glory of Sergius even reached Constantinople: Patriarch Philotheus of Constantinople sent him with a special embassy a cross, a paramand, a schema and a letter in which he praised him for his virtuous life and gave advice to introduce strict communal living in the monastery. On this advice and with the blessing of Metropolitan Alexei, Sergius introduced a community life charter in the monastery, which was later adopted in many Russian monasteries. Metropolitan Alexei, who highly respected the Radonezh abbot, before his death, persuaded him to be his successor, but Sergius resolutely refused. According to one contemporary, Sergius “with quiet and meek words” could act on the most hardened and hardened hearts; very often reconciled princes warring among themselves, persuading them to obey the Grand Duke of Moscow (for example, the Rostov prince in 1356, the Nizhny Novgorod prince in 1365, Oleg of Ryazan and others), thanks to which by the time of the Battle of Kulikovo almost all Russian princes recognized the supremacy of Dmitry Ioannovich . Going to this battle, the latter, accompanied by princes, boyars and governors, went to Sergius to pray with him and received a blessing from him. Blessing him, Sergius predicted victory and salvation from death for him and sent two of his monks, Peresvet and Oslyabya, on the campaign (see). Approaching the Don, Dimitri Ioannovich hesitated whether to cross the river or not, and only after receiving an encouraging letter from Sergius, admonishing him to attack the Tatars as soon as possible, did he begin decisive action. After the Battle of Kulikovo, the Grand Duke began to treat the Radonezh abbot with even greater reverence and invited him to seal the spiritual testament, which legitimized the new order of succession to the throne from father to eldest son. In 1392, on September 25, Sergius died, and 30 years later his relics and clothes were found incorrupt; in 1452 he was canonized. In addition to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, Sergius founded several more monasteries (Annunciation and others), and his disciples established up to 40 monasteries, mainly in Northern Rus'. See "Reverend Sergius of Radonezh. On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of his blessed death" ("Christian Reading", 1892, ¦ 9 - 10); "The Life and Works of St. Sergius of Radonezh" ("The Wanderer", 1892, ¦ 9); A. G-v “On the significance of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the history of Russian monasticism” (“Readings in the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment”, 1892, ¦ 9); E. Golubinsky "Reverend Sergius of Radonezh and the Lavra he created" (Sergievsky Posad, 1892); "The Life and Miracles of St. Sergius of Radonezh" (Moscow, 1897, 5th edition); V. Eingorn “On the significance of St. Sergius of Radonezh and the monastery he founded in Russian history” (Moscow, 1899, 2nd edition). V. R-v.
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what SERGY OF RADONEZH is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
Open Orthodox encyclopedia"TREE". Sergius of Radonezh (1314 - 1392), abbot, reverend. Memory July 5, 25... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
Rev. (1321-1391) Russian saint, ascetic, founder of monasteries and transformer of Russian monasticism, an outstanding public figure. Native of Rostov; after the death of parents... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
Radonezh (before accepting monasticism - Bartholomew Kirillovich) (about 1321, near Rostov the Great, - 9/25/1391, Trinity-Sergius Monastery, now Zagorsk, Moscow region.), ... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
(in the world Bartholomew) - saint, reverend, greatest ascetic of the Russian land, transformer of monasticism in the north. Rus'. Came from a noble family; his parents... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
(in the World of Bartholomew) ? St., reverend, the greatest ascetic of the Russian land, transformer of monasticism in the North. Rus'. Came from a noble family; parents... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
(c. 1321-91) founder and abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Initiator of the introduction of communal regulations in Russian monasteries. Actively supported unification and national liberation policies... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
S'ergiy... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH in the Spelling Dictionary:
s'ergey... - SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
(c. 1321-91), founder and abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Initiator of the introduction of communal regulations in Russian monasteries. Actively supported unification and national liberation policies... - SERGY V Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
Sergius of Radonezh (in the world Bartholomew) - saint, venerable, greatest ascetic of the Russian land, transformer of monasticism in the north. Russia. Came from a noble family; his parents... - SERGY in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Stragorodsky Ivan Nikolaevich) (1867-1944) Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' since 1943. Since 1917 Metropolitan, since 1925 Deputy and since 1937 ... - SERGY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(before he was tonsured a monk in 1890 - Ivan Nikolaevich Stragorodsky), Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'. ... - SERGY PECHORSK. in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
teacher Pechora of the 13th century; called "obedient". His relics are in Anthony's Cave. Memory 7... - SERGY SHELONIN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
monk of the Solovetsky Monastery, a remarkable reader and writer of the 17th century. Nothing is known about his life before becoming a monk; first information about... - RADONEZH in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Platon Anempodistovich - singer-bass (1826-1873). He sang in St. Petersburg (1863) and Moscow. The best roles in his repertoire were Susanin (“Life for ... - SERGY in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- SERGY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Stragorodsky Ivan Nikolaevich) (1867 - 1944), Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' since 1943. Since 1917 Metropolitan, since 1925 Deputy and ... - SERGY
SERGIUS OF RADONEZH (c. 1321-91), church. and state activist, founder and abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, in which he introduced a communal charter. Tried to spread... - SERGY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
SERGY (in the world Iv. Nik. Stragorodsky) (1867-1944), Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' since 1943. Since 1917 Metropolitan, since 1925 deputy. ... - SERGY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
SERGIUS, Patriarch of Constantinople in 610-638. Was close to the imp. Heraclius, in whose absence he ruled the empire. In order to reconcile with the Monophysites... - RADONEZH in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
(Platon Anempodistovich) ? singer-bass (1826?1873). He sang in St. Petersburg (1863) and Moscow. In his repertoire, the best roles were Susanin (“Life for ... - SERGY in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- RADONEZH in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
r'adon'ezhsky (from R'adon'ezh); but: S'ergiy... - RADONEZH full spelling dictionary Russian language:
Radonezh (from Radonezh); but: Sergius... - RADONEZH in the Spelling Dictionary:
r'adon'ezhsky (from r'adon'ezh); but: s'ergey... - SERGY in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
(Stragorodsky Ivan Nikolaevich) (1867-1944), Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' since 1943. Since 1917 Metropolitan, since 1925 deputy and since ... - SERGIUS I OF CONSTANTINOPLE in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Sergius I (+ 638), Patriarch of Constantinople. He came from a Monophysite Syrian family, but it seems that the teachers... - SERGY (TIKHOMIROV) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Sergius (Tikhomirov) (1871 - 1945), Metropolitan of Tokyo. In the world, Georgy Alekseevich Tikhomirov, was born... - SERGY (STRAGORODSKY) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.
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In 2014, the anniversary will be widely celebrated in Russia St. Sergius Radonezh - an event of national significance.
In the literature there are several different dates for his birth. The date of May 3, 1319 appeared in the writings of the 19th century. It was suggested that Sergius was born either in 1315 or 1318. Sergius's birthday was either May 9 or August 25, 1322. The Russian Church traditionally considers his birthday to be May 3, 1314.
“The year of birth of the youth Bartholomew is lost (from 1314 to 1322). The time of the departure of St. Sergius is known exactly - twelve years after Kulikovskaya” (V. G. Rasputin).
The family had three sons: Stefan - the eldest, Sergius - the middle and the youngest - Peter. In the place where their house stood, now there is the Trinity-Sergius Varnitsky Monastery, founded in 1427 after Sergius was canonized. There is, however, a version that the monastery stands on the site of the appearance of an angel in the form of a monk to Bartholomew. Despite the fact that Bartholomew’s parents were “noble boyars,” they led a simple peasant lifestyle.
“God chose him for His service from his mother’s womb. For she went, being pregnant, as usual, to church for the holy liturgy, and when they began to read Holy Gospel, the baby cried in the womb, and everyone standing near her heard the cry. Also during the Cherubim song he cried out a second time. And when the priest exclaimed: “Holy to Holies,” the baby’s voice was heard for the third time from the mother’s womb. And everyone understood that he would be a great lamp to the world and would appear as a servant of the Holy Trinity" (Life Reverend Father our Sergius, abbot of Radonezh, new wonderworker).
Bartholomew was a diligent child, but when he was sent to learn to read and write, it turned out that studying was extremely difficult for him.
This was the case until one day Bartholomew met in the forest a monk “holy and wonderful, with the rank of presbyter, handsome and like an Angel, who stood in the field under an oak tree and prayed earnestly, with tears.” The boy waited until he finished the prayer and the elder turned to him, “What are you looking for and what do you want, child?”
Bartholomew told the monk about his failures in his studies. Having prayed, the elder took the reliquary from his bosom and took a piece of prosphora from it, blessed it and ordered it to be eaten, saying: “This is given to you as a sign of God’s grace and understanding of the Holy Scriptures...about literacy, child, do not grieve: know that from now on The Lord will grant you good knowledge of literacy, greater than that of your brothers and peers.”
Bartholomew invited the elder to his parents, they told about the signs preceding the birth of their son, and the monk predicted: “Your son will be the abode of the Holy Trinity and will lead many after him to the understanding of the Divine commandments.”
Some time later, the whole family was forced to move to the town of Radonezh. It should be noted that the name Radonezh comes from the same root as the holiday of honoring parents - Radonitsa. And on the Saturday preceding Trinity Day, the departed are remembered. Thus, it is clearly seen that the name of Sergius of Radonezh is closely connected with family values.
After the death of their parents, Bartholomew and his older brother Stefan went into the desert on the banks of the Konchura River, on the Makovets hill in the middle of the remote Radonezh forest, where they built a small wooden church in the name of the Holy Trinity (this happened in 1337), on the site of which the Holy Trinity now stands. Trinity Sergius Lavra.
A year later, Stefan, unable to withstand the harsh life, went to Moscow, where he entered the Epiphany Monastery and became close to a monk named Alexy. Stefan told him about his brother. Alexy was surprised how the future ascetic was not a monk. Soon a certain abbot Mitrofan came to Bartholomew and tonsured him under the name Sergius, since that was the day of remembrance of the martyrs Sergius and Bacchus.
Sergius was left alone. There is a legend that it was then that the future saint tamed the bear by sharing a piece of bread with him. Later, people began to come to Sergius and ask to stay with him. This is how the monastery was formed. Sergius lived from his labor and taught others the same way; asking for alms was prohibited.
A new church was built, the number of monks increased, but the monastery still remained strict and poor. With the blessing of Metropolitan Alexy, the future saint established a communal charter, which was later adopted in many Russian monasteries.
The Trinity-Sergius Monastery expanded and grew rich. Sergius was in agreement and friendship with Metropolitan Alexy.
By his spiritual aspiration, Radonezhsky was a hermit; he loved silence and solitude. Soon Sergius left the Trinity Monastery in order to found a new one - near Kirzhach. This is how the Kirzhach Monastery appeared. Then the communal Spassky Monastery was founded in Moscow, where Sergius’s disciple Andronik became hegumen.
The pupils of Sergius of Radonezh gradually dispersed throughout the Russian land and built more and more monasteries, which were already patronized at that time Trinity-Sergius Lavra. In essence, the formation of Holy Rus' took place.
At the same time, the Horde was gathering strength. The decisive battle was approaching. Saint Sergius was not a supporter of bloodshed. Before blessing Dmitry, he asked if all possible peaceful paths had been exhausted and, only after hearing a positive answer, he gave the blessing, in one of the sources - by sending him a letter and prosphora, in another - it was not about the Battle of Kulikovo, but about a small battle , and only later this blessing was tied to a larger one - Kulikovskaya. Sergius wished the Russians victory.
By his actions, Sergius of Radonezh contributed to the main thing - the unification of Rus', the formation of a single nation. One of the books about the Saint says it well: “... the Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Pskov people came to the Kulikovo Field, but the Russians left.”
Sergius of Radonezh did not leave behind any writings or teachings. The life of the Saint itself is an example for us. He did not strive for recognition or power, refused church degrees, and only with the strongest pressure from his students accepted honors as God’s will. Sergius strived for self-improvement and made those around him better.
Dear readers, you can learn the most detailed information about the life and deeds of Sergius of Radonezh from the books located in the Central Library named after. A. S. Pushkin. Some of them are presented at the book exhibition operating on the youth subscription.