The problem of caring for nature: arguments from the literature. What is the relationship between man and nature?
Man is gifted with qualities that sharply distinguish him from living nature. One of them is that he is endowed with reason and thanks to it he has achieved a lot. This gave people the idea of their own omnipotence. Our contemporaries continue to subordinate nature to their needs. Few are willing to limit themselves to what is “necessary and sufficient” and think about the global consequences of their actions.
The human population is growing. It requires more and more resources. Where can I get them? Only in Nature, nowhere else. But for her they are not unlimited. And then someone says, for example:
“Who needs it, this forest?”
Burning or deforestation is common in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Forests, as a rule, are replaced by farmland - pastures, cotton plantations, oil palm, bananas, etc. But a person needs not only food and clothing, but also an optimal atmosphere for breathing, a mild climate, clean water - what vast forests provide.
The result of massive deforestation is global warming, washing away the fertile soil layer by rain. The climate is becoming drier, groundwater levels are falling, and water bodies are becoming shallower. For example, due to the deforestation of 90% of natural forests, the once thriving Madagascar is rapidly becoming desertified and is no longer able to provide itself with either food or fresh water.
Fauna in sight
It would seem that the domestication of animals and plants should moderate people's appetite for exploitation of wild nature. But in the minds of many, its resources are still nobody’s and inexhaustible, and man’s selfishness does not allow him to give up profit and pleasure.
In 1986, the International Whaling Committee introduced a ban on commercial whaling. The action was supported by the majority of the countries that carried it out. Japan announced that it would continue shooting “for scientific purposes.” Over the years since then, Japanese whalers have killed 10 thousand whales, including several thousand minke whales, a species included in the Red Book.
In 2014, the International Court of Justice declared Japan's whaling program unscientific and banned Japan from whaling. Let us remind you that we are talking about a country that is by no means starving. A country whose science and technology may well find a replacement for whale oil and other fishery products.
From Kenya alone, smugglers annually export 50,000 fur skins of predators (panthers, cheetahs, etc.) for capricious fashionistas. Poachers cut out the tusks of the elephants they kill and the horns of rhinoceroses and in the jungle carcasses weighing several tons. In France, hunting for cranes, swans, storks, and protected pink flamingos is in full swing.
If a person is unable to give up killing animals for his own pleasure, it is difficult to expect that he will do this to the detriment of his own income. Alas, in addition to rationality, people are also endowed with frivolity and greed.
Do you know what is the largest structure in the world created by civilization? New York dump! Especially, it was a problem in the early 70s. In 2001, the landfill was closed, but a new landfill was immediately created in its place, where 13,000 tons of garbage are dumped daily.
Since ancient times, man has left all the waste of his activities to nature. And she stored them, transported them, neutralized them and decomposed them. But the volume and nature of the waste of modern society is already becoming beyond nature’s control. Due to the mass of waste, a river in the USA caught fire in 1969, and in China in 2014. Huge islands made of millions of tons of plastic and other garbage are drifting in the oceans.
Pesticides and radioactive waste, whole clouds of gases emitted by industry and transport - people are sure that nature will accept everything and everything will somehow settle down. Myopic consumerism results in a deterioration in the quality of life.
Man is accustomed to looking at nature as a universal storehouse and dump. It doesn’t occur to him that he lives in this same nature and that it is, in fact, his home. Any home gives a lot to its residents, but it also requires support and care. Otherwise, it becomes unsuitable for housing. Does anyone want to live in an abandoned warehouse or landfill?
Man and nature have been linked by centuries-old strong ties. An essay on the topic of harmonious cooperation between these two important components was laid down at the moment of the birth of intelligent life on the unique planet Earth. How diligently we take care of preserving our native nature, our physiological and material condition will increase.
The connection between man and nature dates back to time immemorial. It’s not for nothing that nature is called mother. After all, she is the first helper and protector, always giving shelter and life itself. Nature
Is the only source of ours, that is human existence.
The interaction between man and nature must be harmonious in all respects. Nothing happens for nothing. If you want to eat bread, grow it. Work the land with love and respect and it will feed you. Take care of the rivers and lakes, and they will give you water. Maintain the balance of this mutual assistance, and nature will generously repay you with its gifts.
Man and nature are, by and large, one whole. A newborn little man falls like a ripe cherry into the mother's hem of nature, and only thanks to her he grows and lives. From childhood he must learn to love
Nature. take care of her, protect her from thoughtless destruction and feel with her.
The role of man in nature is extremely great. As a rational being, he is responsible for everything good and bad that happens in our world. Many human vices can cause enormous damage to the environment. The barbaric pumping of underground resources is constantly devastating the bowels of the earth. They do not have time to recover, just like fresh water reserves, which are thoughtlessly and wastefully consumed in tons of mega liters.
Deforested forests lose their habitat for animals, plants, insects and amphibians. Forest clearings with protruding stumps look like toothless mouths calling out to us with silent cries of despair. Rare species of animals, as well as fish, exterminated by people, will never flash through the forest, nor splash their tails in the river or sea. Our children will see them exclusively in pictures in zoology textbooks. And in botany textbooks there are species of plants that have disappeared forever.
Man's relationship with nature begins in early childhood. A bug is crawling along the path - don’t trample it with your foot. Dandelions grow on the lawn - don’t pick them and immediately throw them away. An abandoned kitten is crying in the yard or a puppy is whining - don’t kick them. Let a bug pass, go around a dandelion, give milk to a kitten, throw a bone to a puppy, pet them. This is how wise parents raise their child. He will grow up to be a citizen with a capital C. He will become a worker or a scientist, but will always remember that his home is not only four walls, but the whole world, where everyone and everything is always welcome to him.
The relationship between man and nature with aching, bright joy rings on the string of a common melody in unison. But if a person ever imagines himself above Mother Nature, becomes arrogant, begins to destroy, destroy, devastate, then the fragile connection will be broken forever. With natural disasters, the planet is already increasingly calling on us to turn our faces towards it and moderate our ambitions.
The relationship of man to nature should be the same as nature to man. Sun, air, rain, water, wind, gifts of forests and fields - nature gives us all this in abundance. Every day we consume more and more greedily and voraciously. We take every last grain, scoop out every last drop. We are depleting the soil, and today it is trying with all its might to feed our insatiable womb.
The role of man in nature should not be dominant, because we are its children. Reverence, hard work, respect and admiration - this is the set of feelings that we should experience in relation to nature. And only when man and nature merge into a single whole will we be happy undividedly, limitlessly and forever, that is, forever.
- Nature and man - do they need each other?
- What do science fiction writers warn about?
- When will natural reserves run out?
- Does reason contribute to the preservation of humanity as a species?
What is nature? Nature is the natural habitat of humans. Of course, we can also imagine a fantastic situation where people will be forced to create and live in some kind of artificial underground or alien world, where, with the help of the most complex technology, the necessary conditions for human existence will be created: the required temperature, pressure, air circulation, etc.
And even if we imagine that people will be able to adapt to these conditions and their race will not end, then, obviously, something essential will be lost. We read about the irresistible craving for the colors of the earth, for the warmth of the sun among children taken by their parents to rainy Venus and forced to spend almost all their time in shelters in the story of the American writer R. Bradbury “All Summer in One Day.” In the short interval between the rains, at that rare hour when the sun appears, the children left their basement. “The guys, laughing, threw themselves onto the continuous growth, as if on a living, elastic mattress... They rushed between the trees, slid and fell, pushed, played hide and seek and tag, but most importantly, frowning again and again, they looked at the sun until they began to run tears, and stretched their hands to the golden radiance and to the unprecedented blue, and inhaled this amazing freshness... And suddenly... Rare cold drops fell on the nose, on the cheeks, on the lips. The sun was obscured by a foggy haze. A cold wind blew. The guys turned and walked towards their basement house, their hands hung limply, they no longer smiled.”
Nature is a huge (until recently, seemingly inexhaustible) storehouse of those resources that people need in production activities and in Everyday life. Active waterfalls, navigable rivers, forests, ore, metals, coal - all this is actively used by people. If people now refuse to use, for example, fossil hydrocarbons - oil, coal - and civilization will collapse. We will go back to the Stone Age again.
Thus, nature serves as the natural basis for the life of human society. Therefore, trying to understand the social essence of man and his diverse connections with society, we cannot ignore questions about the role of nature in the formation and development of people, about their place among other living beings inhabiting our planet, about the influence of human economic activity on natural processes, on the environment.
What is nature? Scientists use this word in two meanings. The first - broader - nature as the world around us in all its endless variety of manifestations. The second is nature as the biosphere of our planet, that is, the earth’s shell, engulfed in life. Life on Earth exists in forests, steppes and deserts, in the ocean and fresh water bodies, in high mountains and soil. Where neither plants nor animals can live, bacteria live, many of which do not need oxygen.
Human connection with nature. Let's turn to the biblical parable about the creation of the world. According to her, God created plants, animals, birds in different days and so that they had nothing in common with each other: they were all created “according to their kind.” Man is a special matter. The Almighty created him in his own image. Thus, religious doctrine, explaining the creation of the world adapted for human life, divided it into the inhabitants of earth, water, and air. Scientific knowledge speaks of the unity of the world. All living things on Earth are connected by the strongest ties of natural kinship and close interaction with each other. We will not list the entire amount here. scientific evidence this fact. You will learn about them in biology lessons. Let us recall another famous story by R. Bradbury, “And the Thunder Rolled.” His characters used a time machine to travel to the distant past, 60 million years ago, to hunt dinosaurs. The company organizing such trips, it would seem, has taken everything into account so that guests from the future do not damage anything living in the primeval forest where the hunters will arrive. Here’s how one of the characters reasons: “Suppose we accidentally killed a mouse here. This means that all future descendants of this mouse will no longer exist - right?.. If ten mice are not enough, one fox will die. Ten foxes less... - all kinds of insects and vultures will die, an innumerable number of life forms will perish. And here's the result: after 59 million years, a caveman, one of the dozen that inhabit the whole world, driven by hunger, goes hunting for a wild boar or a saber-toothed tiger. But alas, my friend, by crushing one mouse, they thereby crushed all the tigers in these places. And the caveman dies of hunger. And this man... not just one person, no! This is a whole future people.” This man would have ten sons. A hundred would come from them, and so on, and a whole civilization would arise. Destroy one person and you destroy an entire tribe, a people, historical civilization. These arguments turned out to be prophetic. One of the travelers, leaving a specially laid path, accidentally crushed a butterfly. The consequences of this were reflected in the entire chain of subsequent events. The heroes realized this when they returned to their time.
The story was written by a science fiction writer. However, it is very instructive. How easy it is to break the connections that exist in nature, what irreversible consequences this can lead to. A person actively invading nature should always remember this. The great Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky believed that the time would come when the further development of the planet, and therefore of human society, would be guided by reason. The biosphere will gradually turn into the sphere of the mind. Later, a special term was coined - noosphere (translated from Latin - mind). The noosphere is understood as the area of the planet covered by human activity and intelligent activity.
Does this mean that in the era of the noosphere, man will begin to reign supreme over nature, completely subordinating it to the development of civilization? No. Entry into this sphere presupposes, first of all, a change in man’s relationship with nature, such an organization of social life and production that can ensure harmony in the development of nature and society. Time will tell if this is possible.
Is man the crown of nature? Science has proven that the entire modern organic world, plants and animals, and therefore humans, are products of a development process that lasted millions of years.
What place did the emerging man take in the natural world? The ancient Chinese arranged all living beings in the form of a ladder: plants at the bottom, fish higher, animals even higher and humans, of course, on the top step. Since then, science has come a long way. However, people's general ideas about evolution as a ladder leading upward, on the last step of which man stands, have changed little. Man is the king of nature, its crown. This is how people themselves determined their place in the sun. And for a long time nothing could shake these ideas. On the contrary, more and more new evidence was provided.
Firstly, man is endowed with reason. This allowed him to make a giant leap in exploring the world. In history lessons, you already learned how much even primitive man could do compared to other living creatures on Earth: he hunted collectively, used fire, created artificial tools from wood, flint, and bone.
Secondly, the ability to accumulate information about many specific phenomena and generalize it has opened up the opportunity for man to create something that does not exist in nature. This “second nature” created by the knowledge and labor of people, according to M. Gorky, is “culture in the precise and true sense of the word.”
Thirdly, the emerging human society began to obey its own laws, among which the requirements of morality came first. This was a huge step in the development of humanity. How and why was it made? Here is how the famous scientist academician N.N. Moiseev answers this question: “In the beginning, man developed like all living things: difficult living conditions and natural selection were the reason for the rapid individual improvement of the primordial man. But then rapid individual development slowed down and, finally, stopped altogether: for tens of thousands of years, a person practically does not change*. The scientist further notes that the reason for this was the work, thanks to which Australopithecus (a representative of a species of terrestrial primates) was able to transform into a person of a modern physical form - homo sapiens (from Latin - a reasonable person). Knowledge and labor are what gradually became the guarantee of life for primitive tribes. Their representative, a bearer of knowledge and skills, mastering the secrets of the craft, usually turned out to be far from the bravest and strongest. And he was unlikely to be able to defend himself in the brutal struggle for survival. But it was this representative of primitive society that contributed most to the prosperity of this society. And it had to take him under its wing. The principle “thou shalt not kill” is gradually becoming a general prohibition among those primitive tribes whose descendants now inhabit the planet. And those who did not accept him were mercilessly erased from the face of the Earth by history.
Moral norms began to regulate people's relationships. This means that humanity has risen to a new stage of development - from the primitive herd to the social organization of people.
Thus, the power of the human mind, getting rid of the laws of wild nature, and the creation of a grandiose cultural building have led many to the conclusion that man is a higher being and lives according to his own laws, and nature is the source of resources for human life.
This means that the question posed at the end of the title of this text can be completely replaced with an exclamation mark.
However, let's not rush. It is human nature to doubt. And this is also one of the manifestations of his intelligence.
Top of the pyramid or link in the chain? We have already given the arguments of those who are convinced that man is the “crown of nature,” capable of disposing of it at his own discretion. However, there is another point of view, according to which man is only a link in a long chain of development of nature, which does not have a directional movement from simple to complex, and other organisms can replace man.
What arguments do its supporters put forward in defense of this point of view? Firstly, the very concept of progress (movement from simple to complex) was invented by people. Nature does not know any purposeful movement, otherwise it must be endowed with reason (only intelligent beings put forward a goal). Secondly, the division into simple and complex organisms is quite relative. It is difficult, for example, to even decide who is more difficult - a bee or a fish. A person, of course, is more complex than a blue-green algae, but none of his organs, perhaps, can be compared in complexity with the sucking apparatus of a bug.
Thirdly, the paleontological record of the planet contains stories about how many groups of animals disappeared, how giant amphibians were replaced by lizards, and then they too died out mysteriously quickly. But life did not disappear. New hosts came - mammals, and one of the branches raised a human. Conditions changed, and those groups of organisms that were better able to adapt to these changes won. Woe to the vanquished... Life does not stop. On this path we see the slow rise of some groups, quick takeoffs, and rapid crashes. Man, as a biological species, claiming to be the next king of nature, has an important advantage over his predecessors - intelligence. But will he be able to take advantage of this?
Fourthly, a person is endowed with reason, but does not always perform reasonable actions. This is primarily manifested in his attitude towards nature only as a workshop in which he is allowed to manage uncontrollably. Today we have to pay for such an attitude.
So, both sides presented their arguments. Which position did you choose? Or maybe you have your own, special point of view on the place of man on the “ladder of living beings”, on the problem of evolution, its progressive orientation?
- Nature, biosphere, natural habitat.
Basic Concepts
- Noosphere, “second nature”.
Terms
Self-test questions
- Expand the basic meanings of the concept “nature”.
- What is the role of nature in human life and society?
- How is the natural unity of the world expressed?
- What is the meaning of the concept “noosphere”?
- How, according to V. Vernadsky, are the biosphere and noosphere connected?
- What possibilities has the mind opened up for humanity?
- In your opinion, is the statement correct: nature created man and society, and society created culture? Give reasons for your answer.
- What is the significance of moral norms and prohibitions in the life of society?
- Is progress inherent in the development of nature? Explain your conclusion.
- What is the unreasonable attitude of man towards nature?
Tasks
- Show, using examples known to you, the influence of natural conditions on people’s economic activities. Is this connection strengthening or weakening? Explain why.
- Analyze what in R. Bradbury’s story “And the Thunder Rolled” can be classified as pure fantasy, and in what ways the author showed himself to be a deep realist.
- Bacteria can live in places and at temperatures that humans cannot withstand. They have existed for billions of years, and there is no reason why they should cease to exist. Sea turtles, which have a brain the size of a pea, appeared on Earth much earlier than humans and survived many natural disasters that destroyed more “intelligent” species. Humanity, having emerged relatively recently by the standards of biological evolution, has already put its existence in jeopardy.
Think about whether, based on these facts, it is possible to conclude that the role of intelligence in the preservation of the species is insignificant. Justify your conclusion.
- Try to explain the following fact: is it an indicator of the presence of consciousness in animals?
American anthropologists in one of the zoos taught orangutans sign language. An orangutan named Chaptek learned, for example, that for cleaning his premises he gets coins that he can spend on treats; plastic chips were initially used as money. Chaptek decided to increase his cash reserves by breaking each chip in half. Then tokens became money. Chaptek began to find pieces of foil and tried to counterfeit “money.”
- You read in the newspaper: “After the typhoon, the beach was covered with a thick layer of rotting algae. Thousands of bivalves washed ashore. Hundreds of birds died. Eight fishermen were injured, one of them was taken to hospital in serious condition.”
Human sacrifices are incommensurate with those suffered by birds and sea inhabitants, and there is no need to talk about algae. The more opportunities there are to preserve each individual life of a biological species, the higher its place on the “ladder of progress.”
Express your opinion on this point of view.
About nature and man, seriously and not so seriously
“Nature is the only history whose content is equally significant on all its pages”:
- - - J. W. Goethe (1749-1832) - German poet, philosopher, scientist.
“The joy of seeing and understanding is the most beautiful gift of nature”:
- - - A. Einstein (1879-1955) - German theoretical physicist.
“The monkey didn’t just turn into a human, it became a human through its own labor.”
- - - D. Rudny (1926-1983) - Ukrainian writer.
Introduction
The problem of environmental protection has arisen for humanity relatively recently. Nowadays, there is a huge amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and ocean, and the destruction of forests. All this brings the world significantly closer to self-destruction. Ozone holes, climate warming, and the extinction of many animal species clearly indicate that our habitat is depleted to the limit. The life of the planet and its inhabitants will depend on the further activity of people.
At the moment, all countries of the world are facing this environmental problem. It is believed that the industrialized countries of America and Europe are most susceptible to the problem of environmental pollution, but it will not be long before the same problem affects developing countries, so serious measures should be taken now, since it is known that it is easier to prevent a disaster than to eliminate it later consequences.
The term “environmental protection” refers to all economic, legal, socio-political and organizational and economic mechanisms that bring the environment to the “breaking point”. But you can’t wait until the pollution reaches its highest level. The threat of world destruction must be prevented.
Purpose of the work: to explore and reflect the ethical aspect of the relationship between man and nature and general issues related to it.
The structure of the work is determined by the purpose and objectives of the work.
1. Study theoretical sources, documents and accumulated experience on the research purpose of the abstract;
2. Reflect the attitude of man to nature;
3. Analyze the laws of the “man-nature” relationship;
4. Trace the chronology of the introduction of environmental ethics;
5. Expand the concept of “environmental ethics”;
6. Show the meaning and influence of environmental and global ethics, environmental aesthetics.
The sources of information for writing work on the topic were basic educational literature, fundamental theoretical works of major thinkers on the chosen topic, and other relevant sources of information.
The methodological basis of the research is general methods of cognition, such as: systematic and comprehensive research.
Man's relationship to nature
This is one of the spheres of human social life, containing moral and value content. The attitude towards nature depends on the dominant mode of production in society and is carried out on the basis of social ties between people. In subjective terms, the attitude towards nature is a kind of projection of those criteria and assessments that are used in interpersonal communication.
We can distinguish three main historical types, and, accordingly, three value models of attitude towards nature.
At the initial stage of development, when production was carried out mainly in the form of hunting and gathering, the attitude towards nature was predominantly adaptive. Objective dependence on the available resources of the natural environment was reflected in the subjective worldview of ancient man, in his attitude towards nature with superstitious fear. With this approach, nature is conceptualized as a higher principle and acts as an object of reverence and religious worship.
With the growth of productive forces, man gradually subjugates natural forces, adapts them to his needs, and transforms the forms of natural matter at his discretion. Man's dominance over nature increases enormously with the transition from hand tools to machine production (industrial revolution). However, the privately owned form of development of productive forces determines the transformation of the exploitation of nature into its predatory robbery. On this basis, an idea of the natural environment is formed only as an external object of use. The utilitarian-mercantile consciousness completely deprives nature of its value status and reduces it to the level of a means for achieving economic gain.
In the modern period, the struggle of the world community for the preservation of the environment is intensifying, during which new norms of attitude towards nature are being established. Overcoming the difficulties in the interaction between society and nature that arose with the growing scale and intensity of human economic activity during the period of the scientific and technological revolution, along with new technological solutions and socio-economic transformations, also requires a significant change in cultural and value orientations.
The richness of human sensory nature is an expression of the diversity of natural connections, therefore, preserving the habitat in its integrity, caring for the flora and fauna have direct humanistic significance. The ecological crisis is decisively the result of a narrowly utilitarian approach to the natural world. Therefore, solving the crisis requires developing an attitude towards the environment that is based on universal human interests, including the interests of future generations. In other words, the solution to global environmental problems, among other things, depends on the initial social and moral positions. This is how ecology leads to ethics.
Historically, ethics has primarily dealt with man's duties to society, to other people, and to himself. Responsibilities towards nature remained out of her sight. At the same time, there were theories that gave morality a universal cosmic meaning. As a response to the modern environmental situation in the West, the idea of overcoming the traditional humanistic horizons of morality and the revival of the so-called universal ethics, which does not distinguish between humans and other living beings in terms of value, arises. Universal ethics contradicts labor, a specific type of metabolism, during which man transforms nature and adapts it to his constantly rising needs. In addition, its normative conclusions (not to eat meat, etc.) are far from generally accepted and cannot acquire the degree of effectiveness that is characteristic of moral requirements. The ideas of universal ethics, which in the past were developed, as a rule, by cultural figures (G. Thoreau, Tolstoy, Gandhi, Schweitzer, etc.), did not exist in the form of an expanded ethical concept, but in the form of life ideals and socio-psychological sentiments, often being a transformed form of criticism of class society.
In fact, ethics includes an environmental aspect, but the object of moral assessment and regulation is not nature itself, but man’s relationship to nature, which is essentially a social relationship.
Only a fundamentally humanistic orientation in ethics creates a moral atmosphere that allows one to overcome environmental difficulties on the path of progressive development of society and a responsible attitude towards nature. Recognition of human responsibility for preserving the natural environment is not only real fact social consciousness, but also an important task that is solved by the public in the fight against narrow economic pragmatism, departmental interests, planned fetishism, national narrowness, and other forms of group egoism.
Writing an essay in the Unified State Exam is one of the most difficult stages for a future student. As a rule, testing part “A” does not present any problems, but many people have difficulties with writing an essay. Thus, one of the most common problems that are covered in the Unified State Exam is the problem of respect for nature. Arguments, their clear selection and explanation are the main task of a student taking an exam in the Russian language.
Turgenev I. S.
Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” is still very popular among both the younger generation and their parents. This is where the issue of caring for nature comes into play. Arguments in favor of the topic addressed are as follows.
The main idea of the work in the field of environmental protection is: “People forget where they were born. They forget that nature is their original home. It was nature that allowed the birth of man. Despite such profound arguments, every person does not pay due attention to the environment. But all efforts should be aimed at preserving it first and foremost!”
Bazarov's attitude to nature
The main figure here is Evgeny Bazarov, who is not concerned about caring for nature. This man’s arguments sound like this: “Nature is a workshop, and man is a worker here.” It is difficult to argue with such a categorical statement. Here the author shows a renewed mind modern man, and, as you can see, he succeeded perfectly! Nowadays, arguments in favor of protecting the environment are more relevant in society than ever!
Turgenev, in the person of Bazarov, presents to the reader a new man and his mind. He feels complete indifference to generations and all the values that nature can give to humanity. He lives in the present moment, does not think about the consequences, and does not care about man’s caring attitude towards nature. Bazarov’s arguments boil down only to the need to realize one’s own ambitious desires.
Turgenev. The relationship between nature and man
The above-mentioned work also touches on the problem of the relationship between man and respect for nature. The arguments given by the author convince the reader of the need to show concern for Mother Nature.
Bazarov completely rejects all judgments about the aesthetic beauty of nature, about its indescribable landscapes and gifts. The hero of the work perceives the environment as a tool for work. Bazarov's friend Arkady appears in the novel as the complete opposite. He treats with dedication and admiration what nature gives to man.
This work clearly highlights the problem of caring for nature; arguments in favor of a positive or negative attitude towards the environment are determined by the behavior of the hero. Arkady, through unity with her, heals his spiritual wounds. Eugene, on the contrary, strives to avoid any contact with the world. Nature does not give positive emotions to a person who does not feel peace of mind and does not consider himself a part of nature. Here the author emphasizes a fruitful spiritual dialogue both with oneself and in relation to nature.
Lermontov M. Yu.
The work “Hero of Our Time” touches on the problem of caring for nature. The arguments that the author gives relate to the life of a young man named Pechorin. Lermontov shows the close relationship between the mood of the protagonist and natural phenomena, the weather. One of the paintings is described as follows. Before the duel began, the sky seemed blue, transparent and clean. When Pechorin looked at Grushnitsky’s dead body, “the rays did not warm” and “the sky became dim.” The connection between internal psychological states and natural phenomena is clearly visible here.
The problem of caring for nature is addressed here in a completely different way. The arguments in the work show that natural phenomena depend not only on their emotional state, but also become involuntary participants in events. So, a thunderstorm is the reason for the meeting and long meeting between Pechorin and Vera. Further, Grigory notes that “the local air promotes love,” meaning Kislovodsk. Such techniques show respect for nature. Arguments from the literature once again prove that this area is vital not only on the physical level, but also on the spiritual and emotional level.
Evgeny Zamyatin
Yevgeny Zamyatin’s vivid dystopian novel also shows a caring attitude towards nature. The essay (arguments, quotes from the work, etc.) must be supported by reliable facts. Thus, when describing a literary work called “We,” it is important to pay attention to the absence of a natural and natural beginning. All people give up a varied and separate life. The beauties of nature are replaced by artificial, decorative elements.
Numerous allegories of the work, as well as the suffering of number “O”, speak of the importance of nature in human life. After all, it is precisely such a beginning that can make a person happy, give him feelings, emotions, and help him experience love. It shows the impossibility of the existence of verified happiness and love using “pink cards”. One of the problems of the work is the inextricable relationship between nature and man, without which the latter will be unhappy for the rest of his life.
Sergey Yesenin
In the work “Go, my dear Rus'!” Sergei Yesenin touches on the problem of the nature of his native places. In this poem, the poet refuses the opportunity to visit paradise, just to stay and devote his life to his native land. Eternal bliss, as Yesenin says in his work, can only be found on his native Russian soil.
Here the feeling of patriotism is clearly expressed and the Motherland and nature are inextricably linked concepts that exist only in interrelation. The very realization that the power of nature can weaken leads to the collapse of the natural world and human nature.
Using arguments in an essay
If you use arguments from works of fiction, you must comply with several criteria for presenting information and presenting material:
- Providing reliable data. If you do not know the author or do not remember the exact title of the work, it is better not to indicate such information in the essay at all.
- Present information correctly, without errors.
- The most important requirement is the brevity of the material presented. This means that sentences should be as succinct and short as possible, providing a complete picture of the situation being described.
Only if all the above conditions are met, as well as sufficient and reliable data, you will be able to write an essay that will give you the maximum number of exam points.