The Monk Sergius was born from noble and faithful parents: from a father named Cyril and a mother named Maria, who were adorned with all sorts of virtues.

And a miracle happened before he was born. When the child was still in the womb, one Sunday his mother entered the church while the holy liturgy was being sung. And she stood with other women in the vestibule, when they were about to begin reading the Holy Gospel and everyone stood silently, the baby began to scream in the womb. Before they began to sing the Cherubic song, the baby began to scream a second time. When the priest exclaimed: “Let us take in, holy of holies!” - the baby screamed for the third time.

When the fortieth day came after his birth, the parents brought the child to the Church of God. The priest christened him with the name Bartholomew.

The father and mother told the priest how their son, while still in the womb, shouted three times in church: “We don’t know what this means.” The priest said: “Rejoice, for the child will be a chosen vessel of God, an abode and servant of the Holy Trinity.”

Cyril had three sons: Stefan and Peter quickly learned to read and write, but Bartholomew did not quickly learn to read. The boy prayed with tears: “Lord! Let me learn to read and write, give me reason.”

His parents were sad, his teacher was upset. Everyone was sad, not knowing the highest destiny of divine providence, not knowing what God wanted to create. At God's discretion, it was necessary that he receive book teaching from God. Let's say how he learned to read and write.

When he was sent by his father to look for cattle, he saw a certain monk standing and praying in a field under an oak tree. When the elder finished praying, he turned to Bartholomew: “What do you want, child?”

The servant of God Kirill previously owned a large estate in the Rostov region, he was a boyar, owned great wealth, but towards the end of his life he fell into poverty. Let's also talk about why he became poor: because of frequent trips with the prince to the Horde, because of Tatar raids, because of the heavy tributes of the Horde. But worse than all these troubles was the great invasion of the Tatars, and after it violence continued, because the great reign went to Prince Ivan Danilovich, and the reign of Rostov went to Moscow. And many of the Rostovites involuntarily gave their property to Muscovites. Because of this, Cyril moved to Radonezh.

Cyril's sons, Stefan and Peter, married; the third son, the blessed young man Bartholomew, did not want to marry, but strove for monastic life.

Stefan lived with his wife for a few years, and his wife died.

Stefan soon left the world and became a monk in the monastery of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin in Khotkovo. The blessed young man Bartholomew, having come to him, asked Stephen to go with him to look for a deserted place. Stefan obeyed and went with him.

They walked through many forests and finally came to one deserted place, deep in the forest, where there was water. The brothers looked at the place and fell in love with it, and most importantly, it was God who instructed them. And, having prayed, they began to cut down the forest with their own hands, and on their shoulders they brought the logs to the chosen place. First they made themselves a bed and a hut and built a roof over it, and then they built one cell, and set aside a place for a small church, and cut it down.

And the church was consecrated in the name of the Holy Trinity. Stefan lived for a short time in the desert with his brother and saw that life in the desert was difficult - there was need and deprivation in everything. Stefan went to Moscow, settled in the monastery of the Holy Epiphany and lived, very successful in virtue.

Among them, one bear used to come to the monk. The monk, seeing that the beast was not coming to him out of malice, but in order to take something a little from the food for food for himself, took the beast out of his hut a small piece of bread and put it either on a stump or on a log, so that when he came, as usual, the beast found food ready for itself; and he took her into his mouth and went away. When there was not enough bread and the animal that came as usual did not find the usual piece prepared for it, then it did not leave for a long time. But the bear stood, looking back and forth, stubborn, like some cruel creditor who wants to collect his debt. If the saint had only one piece of bread, then even then he divided it into two parts, so that he could keep one part for himself and give the other to this beast; After all, Sergius did not have a variety of food in the desert at that time, but only bread and water from a source that was there, and even then little by little. Often there was no bread for the day; and when this happened, then they both remained hungry, the saint himself and the beast. Sometimes the blessed one did not care about himself and remained hungry: although he only had one piece of bread, he threw that too to the beast. And he preferred not to eat that day, but to starve, rather than deceive this beast and let it go without food.

The blessed one endured all the trials sent to him with joy, thanked God for everything, and did not protest, did not lose heart in the difficulties.

And then God, seeing the saint’s great faith and great patience, had mercy on him and wanted to ease his labors in the desert: the Lord put a desire in the hearts of some God-fearing monks from the brethren, and they began to come to the saint.

But the monk not only did not accept them, but also forbade them to stay, saying: “You cannot survive in this place and you cannot endure the difficulties in the desert: hunger, thirst, inconvenience and poverty.” They answered: “We want to endure the difficulties of life in this place, but if God wants, then we can.” The monk asked them again: “Will you be able to endure the difficulties of life in this place: hunger, and thirst, and all kinds of hardships?” They answered: “Yes, honest father, we want and can, if God helps us and your prayers support us. We only pray to you for one thing, reverend: do not remove us from your presence and from this place dear to us, do not drive us away.” ".

The Monk Sergius, convinced of their faith and zeal, was surprised and said to them: “I will not drive you out, for our Savior said: “He who comes to me I will not cast out.”

And they each built a separate cell and lived for God, looking at the life of St. Sergius and imitating him to the best of their ability. The Monk Sergius, living with his brothers, endured many hardships and performed great feats and labors of fasting life. He lived a harsh fasting life;

His virtues were: hunger, thirst, vigil, dry food, sleep on earth, purity of body and soul, silence of the lips, thorough mortification of carnal desires, bodily labors, unfeigned humility, unceasing prayer, good reason, perfect love, poverty in clothing, remembrance of death, meekness with gentleness, constant fear of God.

Not very many monks gathered, no more than twelve people: among them was a certain elder Vasily, nicknamed Sukhoi, who was among the first to come from the upper reaches of Dubna; another monk, named Jacob, nicknamed Yakut - he was a messenger, he was always sent on business, for especially necessary things that cannot be done without; another was named Anisim, who was a deacon, the father of a deacon named Elisha. When the cells were built and fenced with a fence, not very large, they also placed a gatekeeper at the gate, and Sergius himself built three or four cells with his own hands. And he took part in all other monastic affairs needed by the brethren: sometimes he carried firewood on his shoulders from the forest and, having broken it and chopped it into logs, carried it to the cells. But why do I remember about firewood? After all, it was truly amazing to see what they had then: there was a forest not far from them - not like now, but where the cells under construction were set up, there were trees above them, overshadowing them, rustling over them. Around the church there were many logs and stumps everywhere, and here various people sowed seeds and grew garden herbs.

But let us return again to the abandoned story about the feat of the Monk Sergius, he served the brethren without laziness, like a bought slave: he chopped wood for everyone, and crushed grain, and baked bread, and cooked food, sewed shoes and clothes, and water in two buckets on his He carried it up the mountain on his shoulders and placed it at everyone’s cell.

For a long time his brethren forced him to become abbot. And he finally heeded their pleas.

And the blessed one began to teach the brethren. Many people from various cities and places came to Sergius and lived with him. Little by little the monastery grew larger, the brothers multiplied, and cells were built.

The Monk Sergius multiplied his labors more and more, tried to be a teacher and performer: he went to work before everyone else, and was at church singing before everyone else, and never leaned against the wall at services.

This was the custom of the blessed one at first: after evening service late or very late in the evening, when night was already setting in, especially on dark and long nights, having completed prayer in his cell, he would leave it after prayer to go around all the monks’ cells. Sergius cared about his brethren, not only thought about their bodies, but also cared about their souls, wanting to know the life of each of them and the desire for God. If he heard that someone was praying, or making prostrations, or doing his work in silence with prayer, or reading holy books, or crying and lamenting about his sins, he rejoiced for these monks, and thanked God, and prayed for them God, so that they complete their good undertakings. “He who endures,” it is said, “to the end, will be saved.”

If Sergius heard that someone was talking, gathered together in two or three, or laughing, he was indignant about this, and, not tolerating such a thing, he hit the door with his hand or knocked on the window and walked away. In this way he let them know about his arrival and visit, and with an invisible visit he stopped their idle conversations.

Many years have passed, I think more than fifteen. During the reign of Prince the Great Ivan, Christians began to come here, and they liked living here. They began to settle on both sides of this place, and built villages and sowed fields. They began to visit the monastery frequently, bringing various necessary things. And the venerable abbot had a commandment for the brothers: not to ask the laity for what they needed for food, but to sit patiently in the monastery and wait for mercy from God.

A hostel is established in the monastery. And the blessed shepherd distributes the brethren according to services: he appoints one as a cellarer, and others in the kitchen for baking bread, and appoints another to serve the weak with all diligence. That wonderful man arranged all this well. He commanded to firmly follow the commandments of the holy fathers: not to own anything of one’s own, not to call anything one’s own, but to consider everything as common; and other positions were all surprisingly well arranged by the prudent father. But this is a story about his deeds, and in his life one should not dwell much on this. Therefore, we will shorten the story here and return to the previous story. Since the wonderful father arranged all this well, the number of students multiplied. And the more of them there were, the more valuable contributions they brought; and as the deposits multiplied in the monastery, so did the love of strangeness increase. And none of the poor who came to the monastery left empty-handed. The blessed one never stopped charity and ordered the servants in the monastery to give shelter to the poor and strangers and help those in need, saying: “If you keep this commandment of mine without complaint, you will receive reward from the Lord; and after my departure from this life, this monastery will grow greatly, and will stand unbroken for many years by the grace of Christ.” Thus his hand was open to those in need, like a deep river with a quiet flow. And if someone found himself in the monastery in winter, when the frosts were severe or the snow was swept away by a strong wind, so that it was impossible to leave the cell, no matter how long he stayed here because of such bad weather, he received everything he needed in the monastery. The wanderers and the poor, and among them especially the sick, lived for many days in complete peace and received food in abundance, as much as anyone needed, according to the order of the holy elder; and everything is still the same.

It became known that by God’s permission for our sins, the Horde prince Mamai had gathered a great force, the entire horde of godless Tatars, and was going to the Russian land; and all the people were seized with great fear. The great prince who held the scepter of the Russian land was the famous and invincible great Dmitry. He came to Saint Sergius, because he had great faith in the elder, and asked him if the saint would order him to speak out against the godless: after all, he knew that Sergius was a virtuous man and possessed the gift of prophecy.

The saint, when he heard about this from the Grand Duke, blessed him, armed him with prayer and said: “You should, sir, take care of the glorious Christian flock entrusted to you by God. Go against the godless, and if God helps you, you will win and return unharmed to your You will return to your fatherland with great honor." The Grand Duke replied: “If God helps me, Father, I will build a monastery in honor of the Most Pure Mother of God.” And, having said this and received a blessing, he left the monastery and quickly set off on his journey.

Gathering all his soldiers, he set out against the godless Tatars; Having seen the Tatar army, which was very numerous, they stopped in doubt, many of them were seized with fear, wondering what to do. And suddenly at that time a messenger appeared with a message from the saint, saying: “Without any doubt, sir, boldly enter into battle with their ferocity, without being at all afraid, God will definitely help you.” Then the great prince Dmitry and his entire army, filled with great determination from this message, went against the filthy ones, and the prince said: “Great God, who created heaven and earth! Be my assistant in the battle with the opponents of your holy name.” So the battle began, and many fell, but God helped the great victorious Dmitry, and the filthy Tatars were defeated and suffered complete defeat: after all, the accursed saw the anger and God’s indignation sent against them, and everyone fled. The crusader banner chased away the enemies for a long time. Grand Duke Dmitry, having won a glorious victory, came to Sergius, expressing gratitude for his good advice. He glorified God and made a great contribution to the monastery.

According to ancient legend, the estate of the parents of Sergius of Radonezh, the boyars of Rostov, was located in the vicinity of Rostov the Great, on the road to Yaroslavl. The parents, “noble boyars,” apparently lived simply; they were quiet, calm people, with a strong and serious way of life.

St. St. Kirill and Maria. Painting of the Ascension Church on Grodka (Pavlov Posad) Parents of Sergius of Radonezh

Although Cyril more than once accompanied the princes of Rostov to the Horde, as a trusted, close person, he himself did not live richly. One cannot even talk about any luxury or debauchery of the later landowner. Rather, on the contrary, one might think that home life is closer to that of a peasant: as a boy, Sergius (and then Bartholomew) was sent to the field to fetch horses. This means that he knew how to confuse them and turn them around. And leading him to some stump, grabbing him by the bangs, jumping up and trotting home in triumph. Perhaps he chased them at night too. And, of course, he was not a barchuk.

One can imagine parents as respectable and fair people, religious to a high degree. They helped the poor and willingly welcomed strangers.

On May 3, Maria had a son. The priest gave him the name Bartholomew, after the feast day of this saint. The special shade that distinguishes it lies on the child from early childhood.

At the age of seven, Bartholomew was sent to study literacy in a church school together with his brother Stefan. Stefan studied well. Bartholomew was not good at science. Like Sergius later, little Bartholomew is very stubborn and tries, but there is no success. He's upset. The teacher sometimes punishes him. Comrades laugh and parents reassure. Bartholomew cries alone, but does not move forward.

And here is a village picture, so close and so understandable six hundred years later! The foals wandered somewhere and disappeared. His father sent Bartholomew to look for them; the boy had probably wandered like this more than once, through the fields, in the forest, perhaps near the shores of Lake Rostov, and called to them, patted them with a whip, and dragged their halters. With all Bartholomew’s love for solitude, nature and with all his dreaminess, he, of course, carried out every task most conscientiously - this trait marked his entire life.

Sergius of Radonezh. Miracle

Now he - very depressed by his failures - found not what he was looking for. Under the oak tree I met “an elder of the monk, with the rank of presbyter.” Obviously, the elder understood him.

What do you want, boy?

Bartholomew, through tears, spoke about his sorrows and asked to pray that God would help him overcome the letter.

And under the same oak tree the old man stood to pray. Next to him is Bartholomew - a halter over his shoulder. Having finished, the stranger took out the reliquary from his bosom, took a piece of prosphora, blessed Bartholomew with it and ordered him to eat it.

This is given to you as a sign of grace and for the understanding of the Holy Scriptures. From now on, you will master reading and writing better than your brothers and comrades.

We don’t know what they talked about next. But Bartholomew invited the elder home. His parents received him well, as they usually do with strangers. The elder called the boy to the prayer room and ordered him to read psalms. The child made the excuse of inability. But the visitor himself gave the book, repeating the order.

And they fed the guest, and at dinner they told him about the signs over his son. The elder again confirmed that Bartholomew would now understand the Holy Scripture well and master reading.

[After the death of his parents, Bartholomew himself went to the Khotkovo-Pokrovsky Monastery, where his widowed brother Stefan had already been monasticized. Striving for “the strictest monasticism”, for living in the wilderness, he did not stay here long and, having convinced Stefan, together with him he founded a hermitage on the banks of the Konchura River, on the Makovets hill in the middle of the remote Radonezh forest, where he built (about 1335) a small wooden church in the name of Holy Trinity, on the site of which now stands a cathedral church also in the name of the Holy Trinity.

Unable to withstand the too harsh and ascetic lifestyle, Stefan soon left for the Moscow Epiphany Monastery, where he later became abbot. Bartholomew, left completely alone, called upon a certain abbot Mitrofan and received tonsure from him under the name Sergius, since on that day the memory of the martyrs Sergius and Bacchus was celebrated. He was 23 years old.]

Having performed the rite of tonsure, Mitrofan communed Sergius of Radonezh with St. Tyne. Sergius spent seven days without leaving his “church”, prayed, did not “eat” anything except the prosphora that Mitrofan gave. And when the time came for Mitrofan to leave, he asked for his blessing for his desert life.

The abbot supported him and calmed him down as much as he could. And the young monk remained alone among his gloomy forests.

Images of animals and vile reptiles appeared before him. They rushed at him with whistling and gnashing of teeth. One night, according to the story of the monk, when in his “church” he was “singing matins,” Satan himself suddenly entered through the wall, with him a whole “demonic regiment.” They drove him away, threatened him, advanced. He prayed. (“May God rise again, and may His enemies be scattered…”) The demons disappeared.

Will he survive in a formidable forest, in a wretched cell? The autumn and winter snowstorms on his Makovitsa must have been terrible! After all, Stefan couldn’t stand it. But Sergius is not like that. He is persistent, patient, and he is “God-loving.”

He lived like this, completely alone, for some time.

Sergius of Radonezh. Tame bear

Sergius once saw a huge bear, weak from hunger, near his cells. And he regretted it. He brought a piece of bread from his cell and served it - since childhood, like his parents, he had been “strangely accepted.” The furry wanderer ate peacefully. Then he began to visit him. Sergius always served. And the bear became tame.

The youth of St. Sergius (Sergius of Radonezh). Nesterov M.V.

But no matter how lonely the monk was at this time, there were rumors about his desert life. And then people began to appear, asking to be taken in and saved together. Sergius dissuaded. He pointed out the difficulty of life, the hardships associated with it. Stefan's example was still alive for him. Still, he gave in. And I accepted several...

Twelve cells were built. They surrounded it with a fence for protection from animals. The cells stood under huge pine and spruce trees. The stumps of freshly cut down trees stuck out. Between them the brothers planted their modest vegetable garden. They lived quietly and harshly.

Sergius of Radonezh set an example in everything. He himself chopped down cells, carried logs, carried water in two water carriers up the mountain, ground with hand millstones, baked bread, cooked food, cut and sewed clothes. And he was probably an excellent carpenter now. In summer and winter he wore the same clothes, neither the frost nor the heat bothered him. Physically, despite the meager food, he was very strong, “he had the strength against two people.”

He was the first to attend the services.

Works of St. Sergius (Sergius of Radonezh). Nesterov M.V.

So the years passed. The community lived undeniably under the leadership of Sergius. The monastery grew, became more complex and had to take shape. The brethren wanted Sergius to become abbot. But he refused.

The desire for abbess, he said, is the beginning and root of the lust for power.

But the brethren insisted. Several times the elders “attacked” him, persuaded him, convinced him. Sergius himself founded the hermitage, he himself built the church; who should be the abbot and perform the liturgy?

The insistence almost turned into threats: the brethren declared that if there was no abbot, everyone would disperse. Then Sergius, exercising his usual sense of proportion, yielded, but also relatively.

I wish, - he said, - it is better to study than to teach; It is better to obey than to command; but I am afraid of God's judgment; I don’t know what pleases God; the holy will of the Lord be done!

And he decided not to argue - to transfer the matter to the discretion of the church authorities.

Father, they brought a lot of bread, bless you to accept it. Here, according to your holy prayers, they are at the gate.

Sergius blessed, and several carts loaded with baked bread, fish and various foodstuffs entered the monastery gates. Sergius rejoiced and said:

Well, you hungry ones, feed our breadwinners, invite them to share a common meal with us.

He ordered everyone to hit the beater, go to church, and serve a thanksgiving prayer service. And only after the prayer service he blessed us to sit down for a meal. The bread turned out to be warm and soft, as if it had just come out of the oven.

Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (Sergius of Radonezh). Lissner E.

The monastery was no longer needed as before. But Sergius was still just as simple - poor, poor and indifferent to benefits, as he remained until his death. Neither power nor various “differences” interested him at all. A quiet voice, quiet movements, a calm face, that of a holy Great Russian carpenter. It contains our rye and cornflowers, birches and mirror-like waters, swallows and crosses and the incomparable fragrance of Russia. Everything is elevated to the utmost lightness and purity.

Many came from afar just to look at the monk. This is the time when the “old man” is heard throughout Russia, when he becomes close to Metropolitan. Alexy, settles disputes, carries out a grandiose mission to spread monasteries.

The monk wanted a stricter order, closer to the early Christian community. Everyone is equal and everyone is equally poor. Nobody has anything. The monastery lives as a community.

The innovation expanded and complicated the activities of Sergius. It was necessary to build new buildings - a refectory, a bakery, storerooms, barns, housekeeping, etc. Previously, his leadership was only spiritual - the monks went to him as a confessor, for confession, for support and guidance.

Everyone capable of work had to work. Private property is strictly prohibited.

To manage the increasingly complex community, Sergius chose assistants and distributed responsibilities among them. The first person after the abbot was considered the cellarer. This position was first established in Russian monasteries by St. Theodosius of Pechersk. The cellarer was in charge of the treasury, deanery and household management - not only inside the monastery. When the estates appeared, he was in charge of their life. Rules and court cases.

Already under Sergius, apparently, there was its own arable farming - there are arable fields around the monastery, partly they are cultivated by monks, partly by hired peasants, partly by those who want to work for the monastery. So the cellarer has a lot of worries.

One of the first cellarers of the Lavra was St. Nikon, later abbot.

The most experienced in spiritual life was appointed as confessor. He is the confessor of the brethren. , founder of the monastery near Zvenigorod, was one of the first confessors. Later this position was given to Epiphanius, the biographer of Sergius.

The ecclesiarch kept order in the church. Lesser positions: para-ecclesiarch - kept the church clean, canonarch - led “choir obedience” and kept liturgical books.

This is how they lived and worked in the monastery of Sergius, now famous, with roads built to it, where they could stop and stay for a while - whether for ordinary people or for the prince.

Two metropolitans, both remarkable, fill the century: Peter and Alexy. Hegumen of the army Peter, a Volynian by birth, was the first Russian metropolitan to be based in the north - first in Vladimir, then in Moscow. Peter was the first to bless Moscow. In fact, he gave his whole life for her. It is he who goes to the Horde, obtains a letter of protection from Uzbek for the clergy, and constantly helps the prince.

Metropolitan Alexy is from the high-ranking, ancient boyars of the city of Chernigov. His fathers and grandfathers shared with the prince the work of governing and defending the state. On the icons they are depicted side by side: Peter, Alexy, in white hoods, faces darkened by time, narrow and long, gray beards... Two tireless creators and workers, two “intercessors” and “patrons” of Moscow.

Etc. Sergius was still a boy under Peter; he lived with Alexy for many years in harmony and friendship. But St. Sergius was a hermit and a “man of prayer”, a lover of the forest, silence - his life path was different. Should he, since childhood, having moved away from the malice of this world, live at court, in Moscow, rule, sometimes lead intrigues, appoint, dismiss, threaten! Metropolitan Alexy often comes to his Lavra - perhaps to relax with a quiet man - from struggle, unrest and politics.

The Monk Sergius came into life when the Tatar system was already breaking down. The times of Batu, the ruins of Vladimir, Kyiv, the Battle of the City - everything is far away. Two processes are underway, the Horde is disintegrating, and the young Russian state is growing stronger. The Horde is splitting up, Rus' is uniting. The Horde has several rivals vying for power. They cut each other, are deposited, leave, weakening the strength of the whole. In Russia, on the contrary, there is an ascension.

Meanwhile, Mamai rose to prominence in the Horde and became khan. He gathered the entire Volga Horde, hired the Khivans, Yases and Burtases, came to an agreement with the Genoese, the Lithuanian prince Jagiello - in the summer he founded his camp at the mouth of the Voronezh River. Jagiello was waiting.

This is a dangerous time for Dimitri.

Until now, Sergius was a quiet hermit, a carpenter, a modest abbot and educator, a saint. Now he faced a difficult task: blessings on the blood. Would Christ bless a war, even a national one?

St. Sergius of Radonezh blesses D. Donskoy. Kivshenko A.D.

Rus' has gathered

On August 18, Dimitri with Prince Vladimir of Serpukhov, princes of other regions and governors arrived at the Lavra. It was probably both solemn and deeply serious: Rus' really gathered. Moscow, Vladimir, Suzdal, Serpukhov, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Murom, Pskov with Andrei Olgerdovich - this is the first time such forces have been deployed. It was not in vain that we set off. Everyone understood this.

The prayer service began. During the service, messengers arrived - the war was going on in the Lavra - they reported on the movement of the enemy, and warned them to hurry up. Sergius begged Dimitri to stay for the meal. Here he told him:

The time has not yet come for you to wear the crown of victory with eternal sleep; but many, countless of your collaborators are woven with martyr’s wreaths.

After the meal, the monk blessed the prince and his entire retinue, sprinkled St. water.

Go, don't be afraid. God will help you.

And, leaning down, he whispered in his ear: “You will win.”

There is something majestic, with a tragic connotation, in the fact that Sergius gave two monks-schema monks as assistants to Prince Sergius: Peresvet and Oslyabya. They were warriors in the world and went against the Tatars without helmets or armor - in the image of a schema, with white crosses on monastic clothes. Obviously, this gave Demetrius’s army a sacred crusader appearance.

On the 20th, Dmitry was already in Kolomna. On the 26th-27th, the Russians crossed the Oka and advanced towards the Don through Ryazan land. It was reached on September 6th. And they hesitated. Should we wait for the Tatars or cross over?

The older, experienced governors suggested: we should wait here. Mamai is strong, and Lithuania and Prince Oleg Ryazansky are with him. Dimitri, contrary to advice, crossed the Don. The way back was cut off, which means everything is forward, victory or death.

Sergius was also in the highest spirit these days. And in time he sent a letter after the prince: “Go, sir, go forward, God and the Holy Trinity will help!”

According to legend, Peresvet, who had long been ready for death, jumped out at the call of the Tatar hero, and, having grappled with Chelubey, struck him, he himself fell. A general battle began, on a gigantic front of ten miles at that time. Sergius correctly said: “Many are woven with martyr’s wreaths.” There were a lot of them intertwined.

During these hours the monk prayed with the brethren in his church. He talked about the progress of the battle. He named the fallen and read funeral prayers. And at the end he said: “We won.”

Venerable Sergius of Radonezh. Demise

Sergius of Radonezh came to his Makovitsa as a modest and unknown young man Bartholomew, and left as a most illustrious old man. Before the monk, there was a forest on Makovitsa, a spring nearby, and bears lived in the wilds next door. And when he died, the place stood out sharply from the forests and from Russia. On Makovitsa there was a monastery - the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, one of the four laurels of our homeland. The forests cleared up around, fields appeared, rye, oats, villages. Even under Sergius, a remote hillock in the forests of Radonezh became a bright attraction for thousands. Sergius of Radonezh founded not only his monastery and did not operate from it alone. Countless are the monasteries that arose with his blessing, founded by his disciples - and imbued with his spirit.

So, the young man Bartholomew, having retired to the forests on “Makovitsa”, turned out to be the creator of a monastery, then monasteries, then monasticism in general in a huge country.

Having left no writings behind him, Sergius seems to teach nothing. But he teaches precisely with his whole appearance: to some he is consolation and refreshment, to others - a silent reproach. Silently, Sergius teaches the simplest things: truth, integrity, masculinity, work, reverence and faith.

Tests

Test work

Test papers

in literary

Test 1. Chronicles. Epics. Lives.

1 option

1. When did information about important events begin to be recorded in chronicles?

a) many thousands of years ago b) when oral folk art appeared

c) with the advent of writing d) when the first books began to be printed

2. Why didn’t Oleg accept the wine from the Greeks?

a) it turned sour b) he didn’t drink wine

c) it was diluted d) it was poisoned

3. What does the word pavoloki mean?

c) money of Ancient Rus' d) food, dishes

4. What is the name of the Russian folk epic song - the legend of the heroes??

a) due to frequent trips with the prince to the Horde b) due to frequent Tatar raids on Rus'

c) due to many heavy tributes and fees of the Horde d) due to moving from their native land

Option 2

1. How many ships did Oleg have?

a) one thousand b) two thousand c) three thousand d) four thousand

2. What does the word pattern mean?

a) jewelry, clothes b) silk fabrics, bedspreads

c) ancient coins d) food, dishes

3. How many years did Oleg reign?

a) 20 b) 30 c) 33 years d) 32 years

4. Who is the hero?

a) rich man b) powerful man

c) defender of the Motherland d) warrior, defender of his Motherland, endowed with self-esteem and distinguished by extraordinary strength, courage and daring

5. What did Bartholomew do when he met the holy elder?

a) walked through the forest b) shepherded

c) looked for cattle d) played with children

6. Why didn’t his parents give their blessing to Bartholomew to begin monastic life?

a) they wanted their son to look after them and bury them b) they didn’t want him to lead such a life

c) sons Stefan and Peter got married and thought about how to please their wives and not their parents

d) were afraid to live alone

Test 2. The wonderful world of classics

1 option

1. Who wrote the work “Gifts of the Terek”?

2. Determine the genre of the work “Nanny”.

Mom, love, angel, dream, Nikolenka.

a) “Boys” b) “Gifts of the Terek” c) “Nanny” d) “Childhood”

a) kind b) indifferent c) meek d) gentle

4. Find what is superfluous in the list of Ivan’s affairs.

a) caught the Firebird b) kidnapped the Tsar Maiden

c) went for a spear d) was an ambassador in heaven

5. Who is chaush?

a) watchman b) officer c) nobleman d) boy

No one was born wise, but learned.

a) “How a man removed a stone” b) “Gifts of the Terek”

c) “Childhood” d) “Boys”

Option 2

1. Who owns the work “Childhood”?

2. Determine the genre of the work “Gifts of the Terek” a) fairy tale b) fable c) poem d) story

3. Find out the work by reference words.

Gymnasium students, sisters, mystery, America, animals.

a) “Childhood” b) “Ashik-Kerib” c) “Boys” d) “Nanny”

3. Find an extra definition of the princess’s character.

a) meek b) indifferent c) greedy d) envious

4. To whom did Elisha speak? Please indicate the correct order.

a) to the sun, month, wind b) to the sun, wind, month

c) to the month, sun, wind d) to the wind, month, sun

5. How do you understand the word blame?

a) push b) laugh c) give gifts d) reproach

6. Which work does this proverb apply to?

Those who want it badly will achieve it. a) “Childhood” b) “Ashik-Kerib” c) “Boys” d) “How a man removed a stone”

Test 3. Poetry notebook (part 1)

1 option

a) “Schoolboy” b) “Falling Leaves”

c) “The earth still looks sad...” d) “Butterfly”

2. Who wrote the poem “In the winter twilight of Nanny’s fairy tales...”?

Whisper-murmur, forests-meadows, bare-dales, winter-hills.

a) “In the blue sky they float over the fields...” b) “Spring rain”

c) “The earth still looks sad...” d) “Where is the sweet whisper...”

4. In which poem does the rhythm change?

a) “Children and the Bird” b) “Falling Leaves”

c) “Butterfly” d) “How unexpected and bright...”

5. Choose a synonym for the word noisy.

a) thunderous b) quiet c) modest d) inaudible

6. Which poet are these lines about?

From his father he inherited strength of character, fortitude, and enviable stubbornness in achieving goals.

a) about b) about c) about d) about

Option 2

1. What poem did you write?

a) “Falling Leaves” b) “Children and the Bird”

c) “Butterfly” d) “Where is the sweet whisper...”

2. Who wrote the poem “Where is the sweet whisper...”?

3. Find out the poem by its rhyme.

The fields are the edges, the fog is the blush, the night is the boundary

a) “Where are the sweet whispers...” b) “In the blue sky they float over the fields...”

c) “Falling leaves” d) “The earth still looks sad...”

4. Which poem describes children's fun?

a) “Schoolboy” b) “Nanny’s tales in the winter twilight...”

c) “Butterfly” d) “Children and the Bird”

3. Recognize the poem by the first line.

How could I not be proud of you...

a) “Motherland” b) “Rus” c) “Horses in the Ocean” d) “Oh, Motherland! In a dim sheen..."

4. Finish the proverb.

Homeland is on the other side...

a) like a mother b) dearer than the eyes c) twice as dear d) alone

5. Which poem says that no one could conquer the Russian land?

The expanses of the Russian land. Rus' is mighty.

2. What poem did you write?

a) “Motherland” b) “Rus” c) “Horses in the Ocean” d) “Oh, Motherland! In a dim sheen..."

3. What poem are these lines from?

My grievances and forgiveness

They will burn like old stubble.

a) “Motherland” b) “Rus” c) “Horses in the Ocean” d) “Oh, Motherland! In a dim sheen..."

4. Finish the proverb.

What is a man without a homeland... a) a bird without a nest b) without a mother c) a bird without a wing d) a nightingale without a song

5. Indicate a work about the death of animals. a) “Rus” b) “Motherland” c) “Oh, Motherland!” In a dim glow..." d) "Horses in the Ocean"

6. Find out the work based on the points of the plan. Who is author?

Dark days in Rus'. The king called - Rus' has risen! a B C D)

Test 11. Country Fantasy.

1 option

1. Who wrote The Adventures of Electronics?

a) b) Kir Bulychev c) d)

2. Determine the genre of the work “Alice’s Journey”

3. Find the meaning of the word double bass.

a) stringed musical instrument b) the science of the general laws of control processes and information transfer

c) a person who engages in smuggling

d) contract, agreement

4. Find the reason for the bush attack.

a) they were aggressive b) they forgot to water them

c) they ate people d) a sandstorm was approaching

The next moment the professor was... He saw... flashing between the trees.

a) at the door, blue blouse b) at the window, blue jacket

c) at the screen, green jacket d) at the gate, green jacket

6. What do you know about Alice?

a) she is from the future b) loves animals c) an ordinary girl d) a robot girl

Option 2

1. Who wrote the work "Alice's Travels"?

a) b) Kir Bulychev c) d)

2. Which work tells about the amazing adventures of a robot boy?? a) "Alice's Journey" b) "The Adventures of the Boy Electronics" c) "The Adventures of the Robot Electronics" d) "The Adventures of Electronics"

3. Determine the genre of the work.

a) fairy tale b) story c) fairy tale d) fantastic story

4. Find an extra hero.

a) professor b) Alisa c) Gromov d) Elektronik

5. Insert the missing words into this passage.

Running down ..., the professor noticed the director’s surprised face and ... waved his hand. There was no time now...

a) path, friendly, smiles b) stairs, reassuring, explanations

c) stairs, kindly, explanations d) path, reassuringly, greetings

6.Who was Alice's dad?

a) cosmobiologist b) cyberneticist c) director of a space zoo d) doctor

Test 12. Foreign literature.

1 option

1. Who wrote the work “Gulliver’s Travels”?

2. What work did S. Lagerlöf write?

a) "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" b) "The Little Mermaid" c) "Gulliver's Travels" d) "Holy Night"

3. What does the word okolotok mean?

a) something that is being hammered b) located near c) the surrounding area d) a nailed object

4. Recognize the hero by description.

Prankster, cunning, inventor, loves adventures, quick-witted, inquisitive.

a) Tom Sawyer b) Gulliver c) Prince d) Judas

5. Which work does this proverb apply to?

The world is hateful without a loved one.

a) “Holy Night” b) “The Little Mermaid” c) “Gulliver’s Travels” d) “In Nazareth”

6. Which of these writers was born and lived in Sweden?

Option 2

1. Who wrote “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”?

a) D. Swift b) c) M. Twain d) S Lagerlöf

2. What work did D. Swift write?

a) “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” b) “The Little Mermaid” c) “Gulliver’s Travels” d) “In Nazareth”

3. What does the word quiver mean?

a) a head of cabbage b) a type of clothing c) a case for arrows d) a man in chain mail

4. Which of the heroes are we talking about?

After an amazing meeting, he realized that he had to be attentive to others and help those who need help.

a) about Tom Sawyer b) about Gulliver c) about the shepherd d) about Judas

5. Which work does this proverb apply to?

Fear does not come to a lover.

a) “Holy Night” b) “The Little Mermaid” c) “Gulliver’s Travels” d) “In Nazareth”

a) D. Swift b) S. Lagerlöf c) M. Twain d)

Test work 1.

"Chronicles. Epics. Lives."

1. Answer the questions.

a) What were the names of songs about the heroic deeds of heroes?

b) What epics have you already read or know?

c) Which of the heroes do you know?

2. Guess who we are talking about.

a) One day the boy Bartholomew met an old man - a monk who helped him get out of the forest. And this boy also decided to become a monk. What new name did he receive and glorify throughout Rus'?

b) I cleared that path,

Bogatyr...

I dug up a treasure, but no treasure back

He came back and was poor again!

And I catch fate by the mane,

I go around the restive one,

And fate for me is for the horse!

Whose words are these written down?

c) What did the Magi prophesy for Prince Oleg? Did their prediction come true?

d) There was such a great groan,

There was a battle with so much blood,

That the Don was painted crimson

All the way down.

And Prince Dmitry...

Since then the people have nicknamed

And good glory is behind him

He still lives to this day.

What was Prince Dmitry's nickname?

3. Find out the work. using the text, insert the missing words.

a) God did not allow such a baby, who was supposed to ________, to be born from unrighteous _________.

b) And the day came for the fulfillment of his mother’s vow: after six weeks, that is, when ________ came

the day after his birth, his parents brought ________ to the Church of God.

c) ... on Wednesday and Friday he did not take _________ and did not drink _______ cow, and so remained without _______ throughout the day.

d) Stefan and Peter quickly learned __________, while Bartholomew did not _____ learn to read, but somehow ______ and not diligently.

e) The boy secretly often ________ God with tears, saying: “Lord! Give me _______ this letter, teach me and ______ me.”

f) The elder answered: “I told you that from this day on the Lord will grant you ______ letters. Say God’s _______ without doubt.”

g) Sons ________, Stefan and Peter, got married; the third son, the blessed young man ______, did not want to get married, but was very eager for a ________ life.

Test work 2.

"The wonderful world of classics."

1. One line of the poem, remember its title and author. Write it down.

a) And lightning wrapped around you menacingly...

b) Fed by the breast of clouds...

c) You look through the forgotten gates...

d) And a rare ray of sunshine, and the first frosts...

2. Which works from the studied section are these proverbs suitable for? Indicate the title of the work and the author.

a) Where happiness breeds, there envy will be born.

b) Whoever wants something badly will achieve it.

c) Although with need, he achieved honor.

d) Live kinder, you will be nicer to everyone.

e) The stronger the friendship, the easier the service.

3. Using reference words, find out the work and its author. Write it down.

Little man, bison, California, mustangs, America, Montigomo Hawk Claw.

4. Add the names and patronymics of the writers to these surnames.

a) Ershov________________

b) Pushkin______________

c) Lermontov___________

d) Tolstoy_______________

d) Chekhov_________________

5. Which piece from this section did you like best? Who is its author?

Test work 3.

"Poetry Notebook" (part 1)

1. Find out which poet we are talking about. Write it down.

a) At the age of 12, this poet freely translated Horace’s odes.

b) One day he decided to leave literature and take up farming. Over the course of 17 years, he turned the Stepanovka farm into an exemplary profitable farm.

c) said about him: “... original - because he thinks.”

d) Contemporaries remembered him as an exceptionally delicate, gentle and friendly person, always ready to help.

e) He opened a bookstore in Voronezh and a cheap library with it, which became the center of the literary and social life of the city.

f) From his father he inherited strength of character, fortitude, and enviable stubbornness in achieving goals.

g) He spent his last years in poverty, working on a book about his literary teacher.

" Schoolboy"

"Where is the sweet whisper..."

"Leaf Fall"

“The earth still looks sad...”

" Butterfly "

"In the blue sky they float over the fields..."

"Children and the Bird"

3. Find personification in the poems you read. (Personification is the endowment of objects, natural phenomena with feelings, mood, abilities, and character of a person.) . What does it help you feel and understand?

Test work 4.

"Literary Tales"

1. Which of the fairy-tale characters could give such announcements? Write it down.

a) I sell leeches. Price is negotiable.

b) We organize survival courses for those traveling into the jungle.

c) Veterinary services with travel to any part of the world.

d) I sleep and see the prince.

e) A security agency requires 33 strong-built employees for permanent work.

f) I will take quitrent from everyone, even from devils.

g) Entertainment for you: I sing songs, chew nuts.

2. Guess the riddles. Remember in which fairy tale you read in the last lessons the answer appears. Write it down.

a) He sings for a month, but the crow caws all year round.

The swallow begins the day, and he ends it.

He doesn't need a golden cage, a green branch is better.

b) The pot is small, but it cooks it.

You brewed it yourself, dissolve it yourself.

You can't ruin it with oil.

3. Read excerpts from biographies of writers. Write down their full names.

a) He was born in the Urals, in the family of a mining foreman. Since childhood, he was attracted to people, legends,

fairy tales and songs of our native Urals.

b) This writer was born in Ufa. He spent his childhood in a landowner environment. Studied at Kazan University. Then he entered the service in St. Petersburg, where he became close to the “Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word” circle. He loved his sons very much, who also became famous.

c) As a five-year-old child, he experienced a family drama that influenced his character as a future writer. His works amaze with the depth of the characters’ feelings and vivid personifications.

d) His father was a scion of an ancient princely family, and his mother was a former serf peasant. His house became a place where the best writers and scientists of the capital regularly met.

4. Explain what a literary fairy tale is. How is it different from a folk tale?

Test work 5.

"Time for business - time for fun."

1. Which works from the studied section do these proverbs apply to? Indicate the title of the work and the author.

a) I got up late - I lost a day; I didn’t study when I was young - I lost my life.

b) To learn hard work, it takes three years; to learn laziness, it takes only three days.

d) Good luck for the student, joy for the teacher.

2. Find out the work and its author using one phrase. Write it down.

a) If you try to binge drink in class, they will immediately kick you out.

b) They splashed, and the result was something very friendly and joyful.

c) trucks are rumbling - quickly, quickly, we need to hand over the goods to stores, factories, and railways.

d) I only realized yesterday that lessons still need to be learned.

2. Do the crossword puzzle.

Horizontally. 1. A poet whose poem Denis Korablev did not memorize.

3. The main character of his stories had a prototype: the son of the writer himself, his namesake. Who is this writer?

4. This profession helped the oversleeping boy rush a second before Raisa Ivanovna.

5. This writer was born in Baku. In defiance of his parents and music teachers, who dreamed of seeing their son become a musician, he chose painting.

6. The two workers realized that the boy had nothing to do. They suggested pushing the crooked house from the side so that it would be level. They were...

7. The heroes of the work did not know how to appreciate him.

8. She was standing against the wall. The janitor forbade anyone to touch her.

Vertically.

9. A character trait of a person who loves to work.

10. The films “Cinderella”, “Don Quixote” and others were filmed based on the scripts of this writer.

Test work 6.

"Country of Childhood".

1. Find out what characters or objects from the works you read are in question. Write it down.

a) These brother and sister ruined the New Year's Eve for many.

b) This girl inspired the great composer.

c) The offended aunt said that in the future Minka will be... .

d) The boy put a piece of it on the steamer, near the booth.

e) This instrument could sing about everything.

2. Remember where it was. Answer the questions.

a) Where did Edvard Grieg spend his autumn?

b) When he was little, he was sent to live there. This is where this unpleasant story happened. Where was the boy sent?

c) In what city were you born?

d) Where did you spend your childhood?

e) In St. Petersburg, in the family of an artist,... was born.

3. Read the modernized proverbs and sayings and restore them. Write it down.

a) You need to walk through the forest with a basket.

b) The day is boring until the evening when you do homework.

c) It’s not a shame not to know, it’s a shame not to tell.

d) From time immemorial, television raises a person.

e) The first two are forgiven.

f) You won’t get far on a cheat sheet.

4. Guess the hidden word in proverbs and sayings. For which work is it key? Indicate the title of the work and the author.

a) Late HE gnaws the bone.

You can’t erase a word from a song, you can’t kick Him out from the table.

The uninvited HE is worse than the Tatar.

b) Not all that SHE sounds like.

Even snakes dance to her good music.

Foma understands HER, but Yeryoma knows how to dance.

5. What action are we talking about in these proverbs? What work can they be attributed to? Indicate the title of the work and the author.

The gate is open, and he climbs into the gateway.

For a cockroach - with a drum, for a mosquito - with an ax.

Why go there with a knife, where the ax is placed?

Test work 7.

"Poetry notebook 1" (part 2).

"Grandma's Tales"

"Our Kingdoms"

"Dream Again"

"A path runs from a hillock"

"Children's"

2. Find out the poem and its author by the quatrain. Write it down.

A ) And we sit, barely breathing. b) The month has passed. Louder rustling.

It's time for midnight. A zebra rushes in the distance.

Let's pretend we don't hear the forest, exploding a heap of leaves,

If mom calls you to sleep. Stupidly reaching for the river.

c) We feel good. While still in bed d) You say a word, you lie down in the grass,

All the elders and the summer air is fresh, You can’t untie the black chain.

Let's run to our place. The trees give us a swing, there's a pit below, a height above,

Run, dance, fight, cut sticks!.. Spin, spin between them.

3. Guess which of the poets from the studied section we are talking about. Write it down.

a) After Konstantinovo, where his childhood “was spent among the fields and steppes,” a fourteen-year-old teenager finds himself far from home in a closed two-year boarding school. His only consolation is his friendship with his classmate Grisha Panfilov. On long evenings, he and a friend stayed up late in the Panfilovs’ house - they sang, played, danced, and sometimes read poems to each other, among which the poems of this poet were particularly light.

Even the earliest, simplest and purest of his poems, even at the first reading, overwhelm the soul with their melodious syllable:

Where the cabbage beds are

The sunrise pours red water,

Maple tree for the little womb

The green udder sucks.

b) He started composing at the age of eight, and wrote seventeen in one year, almost two thousand lines. From the very first steps, he does not want to follow in the footsteps of Pushkin's or Nekrasov's imitators. He firmly believes in his star.

In the history of Russian literature, he forever remained the discoverer of new paths, a magnificent master of verse, who proved that a poet can convey the whole variety of human passions, all the “treasures embedded in feelings.” He left his mark on culture as a talented critic, organizer, editor, and teacher.

Since childhood, he was attracted by the unknown:

I dreamed: groves of palm trees, an unknown ocean,

And the secrets of the poles, and the abyss of the dungeons,

And the daring paths of interplanetary countries.

c) In the October death days, when the Bolsheviks came to power, she remains in Moscow alone with two daughters, without any means of subsistence. At that time, in her poems, terrible life is transformed into high poetry:

My attic palace, my palace attic!

Arise! A mountain of handwritten papers...

So. - Hand! - Keep right -

There is a puddle here from the leaky roof.

Now admire, sitting on the chest,

What kind of Flanders did the spider bring to me?

Don't listen to idle talk,

What can a woman do without lace?

4. Which piece from this section did you like best? What touched you about it? Who is its author?

Test work 8.

"Nature and us".

Siberian "Upstart"

" Boar "

"Adoptive"

"Haircut Creak"

"Barbos and Zhulka"

2. Write down the title of the work and indicate its author.

a) What work opens the section?

b) In what work did the magpie lose its tail?

c) The danger was approaching in single file, the front one was five steps from the hero.

d) The hero of this work had to learn life on his own, without the help of his parents.

e) They were different, but their friendship was strong.

f) He was an adopted member of the family, but very loved.

3. Find out what works these objects are from. Indicate the title of the work and the author.

a) mink b) horns c) tail d) bowl e) boat f) broom

4. Recognize the hero by description. Remember what work it is from and who its author is. write it down.

a) It is grey. Doesn't like pampering. If there is a little bit of disorder somewhere - a fuss or a fight - he will slowly walk up and poke the right person with his beak. The boss is a bird!

b) She was small, thin-legged, with smooth black fur and yellow markings above the eyebrows and on the chest.

c) It doesn’t matter how a person yearns. He will come ashore, stand on one leg and start screaming. Yes, he screams pitifully...

d) It was very difficult for her to feed the children alone. But she was a good mother.

e) She was cheerful, everyone liked her: her ears were like horns, her tail was like a ring, her teeth were as white as garlic.

f) In the summer, he was constantly covered from head to tail with prickly “burdocks,” but in the fall, the tufts of fur on his legs and stomach, rolling around in the mud and then drying out, turned into hundreds of brown, dangling stalactites.

Test work 9.

"Poetry notebook 2" (part 2).

1. Guess the riddle and remember what wonderful time of year the section “Poetry Notebook” was dedicated to.

Came without paints and without a brush

And repainted all the leaves

She lit the fires of the rowan bonfires.

That is a generous beauty

Smiles playfully

And protects everyone with slanting rain.

"Swan"

"Spring in the Forest"

" September "

" Indian summer "

" Gold autumn "

3. In which passage does personification occur?

a) The hares will gather in a pile

Under the drop and the warmth,

Louder Red-breasted Woodpecker

It will knock on the dry and ore

A trunk with a crack and a hollow.

b) Indian summer has come -

Days of farewell warmth.

Warmed by the late sun,

In the crack the fly came to life.

c) And there is pearly dew all around

Cast scarlet sparkles,

And over the silver lake

The reeds leaned over and whispered.

4. Find out the poem from a few lines and write down who its author is.

a) And there are azure flowers all around

Spicy waves spread...

b) How soybeans cluck in languor

And the wood grouse are circling.

c) And I don’t wish for anything,

And I don't want anything!

d) Have pity autumn! Give us light!

Protect from winter darkness!

5. Remember what comparisons he uses. Write them out.

6. In which of the poems read is the main story about events in the lives of the heroes? Indicate the title of the poem and the author.

Test work 10.

"Motherland".

1. Read the poem. Answer the questions.

My first friend, Antipin Kolka!

He probably remembers this day,

When in the quiet sunshine

A living shadow covered us.

We looked back and froze,

With their mouths agape in shock:

A soldier stood, gray with dust,

And he smiled from above.

And suddenly, caught up in that moment,

Recognizing by instinct, and not by face,

I choked on a sweet cry

In the silent embrace of his father.

He fell to his cheek and froze,

And behind in the bright light of day

I looked with orphan eyes

Antipin Kolka is on me.

V. Bogdanov

Questions:

a) How do you understand the meaning of the poem? What is it about?

b) Could this poem be included in the section you just studied?

Drozhzhin ________________

Slutsky_________________

Nikitin _________________

Zhigulin_________________

3. Find out the work and its author using two lines.

a) A mine pierced the bottom of the ship

Far, far from the earth.

b) I am in every rustle of sheets

c) My grievances and forgiveness

They will burn like old stubble.

d) I’ll look to the south -

Mature fields...

Test work 11.

"Fantasyland".

a) ________-_________ b) _____________- “Alice’s Journey” - __________

2. Choose synonyms for the words.

Transparent -________ Sounded - ________ Surprise - ___________

3. Check yourself to see if you are reading carefully. Fill in the missing words in the sentences.

a) Early in May morning, a light gray car drove up to the hotel___________.

b) The guest of honor came from _______________.

c) The director and ____________ assistants took hold of the handles and carried the suitcase to the __________ floor.

d) A small __________ - an airy _____________ - chirped over the trees.

e) Leaving Electronics, the professor went up to __________ and dialed the number on the disk.

f) You will move a lot today. We need to eat _____________________.

4. Decipher what is written here, and you will find out the real name of the science fiction writer Kira Bulychev.

SИWLГGOVIPSWWBLSCSGEWBILOSVЛOGIDOWBVSICHG MWSIOŽGWEVSYLIKOSL

5. HowCancharacterizeAlice? Choose what you need. Add if you think necessary.

Kind, evil, brave, cowardly, resourceful, sympathetic, ___________________________________.

6. Check yourself to see if you are reading carefully. Choose the correct answer.

a) We carefully dug up... bushes

five six seven

b) I started preparing the camera for filming because I hoped that the bushes would soon bloom...

medicinal flowers amazing flowers luminous flowers

c) The mechanic’s name was...

Yellow Red Green

d) To protect himself from the bushes, Alice’s father grabbed...

mop brush broom

e) To combat bushes they wanted to use...

flamethrower machine gun water cannon

f) Alice defeated Bushes with the help of...

bucket watering can hose

g) The bushes wandered along the sand and...

looking for water, looking for the sun, looking for food

h) I really loved the smallest and restless bush...

fruit juice tea compote

Test work 12.

" Foreign literature ".

1. Find out the work. indicate its title and author.

a) In this work, the main character was a giant, although he remained an ordinary person.

b) In this work, the main character sacrificed her life for love.

c) The main character of this work was often punished by the teacher.

d) This work tells about the night on which miracles happened.

e) This work ends the section.

f) In this work you can learn about underwater life.

With Lagerlöf "Gulliver's Travels"

D. Swift "Holy Night"

M. Twain "The Little Mermaid"

" Adventures of Tom Sawyer "

"In Nazareth"

3. Guess what work these things are from. Indicate the title of the work and the author.

a) clay gray bird

b) peach

c) a sharp knife

d) a long pointed stick

d) long stairs

e) slate board

4. Say a name.

a) Mark Twain's real name

b) Selma Lagerlöf's full name

c) the name of the girl with whom Tom Sawyer was in love

d) name of Jesus' mother

Test for the 1st half of the year.

Option 1.

Jack is a guide.

Residents of Mira Street know this man well. In winter and summer, wearing large black glasses on his face speckled with blue marks, he walks along the sidewalk every day and tap-tap - tapping his carved stick. The man in black glasses is a former military pilot. He lost one arm and both eyes from the explosion of an enemy shell. And suddenly, to the surprise of passers-by, the blind pilot appeared without his eternal wand. Instead, he held the dog by the leash. Jack confidently led his master down the street. At the intersection, Jack stopped and waited for the cars to pass. He avoided every pillar, every pothole or puddle.

"Jack, stop!" - and the dog obediently leads its owner to the bus. If the bus passengers themselves don’t think of giving up their seats to a blind man, Jack chooses a younger man from among those sitting and nuzzles his nose into his knees: they say, you can stand, but it’s difficult for my owner to stand... “Jack, to the store!” - leads to the grocery store.

Jack is now my eye in return! – the former pilot cannot boast enough about his guide.

(G. Yurmin)

Questions and tasks:

1. Determine the genre of the work.

2. Why did the residents of Mira Street know this man well?

a) he was different from everyone else in appearance b) he always walked the dog

c) he walked in the same place

3. For what reason did the pilot go blind? Write the answer from the text.

4. How do you understand the meaning of the word guide?

5. Who became the former pilot’s loyal friend?

6. How do you understand the expression Jack now gives me eyes instead?

7. Choose a synonym for the word pothole.

8. How did Jack help his master find a seat on the bus?

a) barked at the young man b) nuzzled the younger passenger’s knees

c) started growling at the passenger

9. Restore the sequence of events in the story.

a) Instead of a stick, he held a dog by the leash.

b) Jack leads to the bus.

c) Every day he walks along the sidewalk, tapping with a stick.

d) He lost one arm and both eyes.

e) The former pilot is happy with his friend.

Option 2.

Read the text, answer the questions, complete the assignments.

There lived a poor woman on earth. She had four children. The children did not obey their mother. They ran and played in the snow from morning to evening. The clothes will be wet, and the mother will get sushi, the snow will be covered, and the mother will be removed. And my mother caught fish on the river herself. It was hard for her. And the children did not help her. My mother became seriously ill from such a life. She lies and asks, calls the children: “Children, my throat is dry, bring me some water.”

The mother asked not once, not twice. Children don't go for water. Finally, the eldest son wanted to eat, looked into the tent, and the mother was standing in the middle of the tent, putting on a malitsa. And suddenly the little girl became covered with feathers. The mother takes a board on which the skin is scraped, and that board becomes a bird's tail. The iron thimble became her beak. Instead of arms, wings grew. The mother turned into a bird and flew out of the tent.

Brothers, look, look: our mother is flying away like a bird! - the eldest son shouted.

Then the children ran after their mother:

Mom, we brought you some water.

Cuckoo, cuckoo, cuckoo! It's too late, son, I won't be back.

So the children ran after their mother for many days and nights over stones, through swamps, over hummocks. They wounded their feet and bled. Wherever they run, a red trail remains.

The cuckoo mother abandoned the children forever. And since then the cuckoo has not built its own nest, has not raised its own children, and from that time on red moss has been spreading across the tundra.

Questions and tasks:

Determine the genre of the work.

a) story b) fable c) fairy tale d) poem

2. How many children did the mother have?

a) three b) two c) four d) _________ (write down your answer)

3. Why did the mother get sick?

a) caught a cold b) got infected c) from a serious illness d) _____(your own answer)

4. What did the mother ask for her children? (Write the answer from the text).

5. Choose a synonym for the word chum.

6. What kind of bird did the mother turn into?

7. What people do you think composed this work?

a) Russians b) Azerbaijanis c) Nenets d) __________ (your own answer)

8. Where did the events take place?

a) in the steppe b) in the forest c) in the desert d) in the tundra

9. Restore the deformed outline of the text you read.

Transformation into a bird.

The cuckoo mother abandoned the children forever.

Mother asks for a drink.

The children did not obey their mother.

The mother became seriously ill.

Mother flies away.

The children are asking to come back.

10. Determine the main idea of ​​the text.

Test work for the 2nd half of the year.

Option 1.

Read the text, answer the questions, complete the assignments.

At the beginning of winter, when the northern winds blew and snow fell, I decided to make a bird feeder at the dacha. On the bright veranda right outside the window on a wooden shelf, where on warm days we displayed indoor flowers, I organized a “bird canteen”. I sprinkled seeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, even a sprig of scarlet rowan... It turned out to be an excellent “menu”. Feathered guests must arrive. Nimble tits, sedate bullfinches, noisy waxwings, nuthatches... And other inhabitants of the garden that I did not remember. In general, I began to wait. And a day passes, and two... For some reason my guests don’t show up. Have you migrated to another garden, or what? Where the owner is more hospitable, more friendly, probably. I felt sad looking at my frozen gifts. It seemed like I was trying in vain... And then suddenly the frost hit. Just like Epiphany. You can hear the trees cracking in the garden in the middle of the night.

I wake up one morning. I go out onto the veranda. I looked, and behind the cloudy frosty glass a light flashed. Smoky red. It's like a candle on a Christmas tree. Carefully he crept up to the window. He stood up on tiptoe, looked out of the corner of his eye and... was stunned. Squirrel! Apparently she came running from a neighboring grove. She climbed up the trunk of the birch tree, and she was nearby, just a stone's throw from the veranda, and jumped into the feeding trough. Hunger is not a big deal. She instantly emptied the tablecloth. And he looks out the window with currant eyes. He's probably waiting to see if the compassionate owner will add anything else. I had to fork out more. Fill the feeder with “squirrel gifts”: nuts, chopped apples, dry mushrooms - good, there’s a bunch left over from the fall.

Now every morning the squirrel - even if you checked the clock - was waiting for me near the feeder. I even came up with a name for her. He called it Manka. And she responded to him willingly. She took the treat right from the palm of her hand.

And so my long winter passed in friendship with the forest beauty. And in the spring, when the icicles became long and “whiny” and the sun blinded the eyes, spreading over the blue snowdrifts, the wife said somehow warmly, but with firmness in her voice:

No need to train the squirrel anymore. She will forget how to get her own food, become a beggar and may die...

Although I felt sorry for Manka, I still listened to my wife. She was a biologist. And she knew a lot about her science.

(N. Krasilnikov)

Questions and tasks:

1. Determine the topic of the text.

2. Where did the narrator set up the feeding trough? Try to answer this question more accurately.

3. Why did your friendship with Manka end?

4. How do you understand the meaning of words and expressions at your fingertips, react, currant eyes?

Option 2.

Read the text, answer the questions, complete the assignments.

Foundling.

The boys destroyed the nest of a wheatear. They broke her testicles. Naked, blind chicks fell out of the broken shells. I managed to take only one of the six testicles from the boys intact.

I decided to save the chick hidden in it.

But how to do that?

Who will hatch it from the egg?

Who will feed?

I knew the nest of another bird nearby - a mockingbird warbler. She just laid her fourth egg.

But will the remnant accept the foundling? The wheatear egg is pure blue. It is larger and does not at all look like mocking eggs: they are pink with black dots. And what will happen to the wheatear chick? After all, he is about to come out of the egg, and the little ones will hatch only in another twelve days.

Will the mockingbird feed the foundling?

The mockingbird's nest was placed so low on the birch tree that I could reach it with my hand.

When I approached the birch tree, the mocking bird flew off its nest.

She fluttered along the branches of neighboring trees and whistled pitifully, as if begging not to touch her nest.

I placed the blue egg with her crimson ones, walked away and hid behind a bush. Mockingbird did not return to the nest for a long time. And when she finally flew up, she didn’t immediately sit down in it: it was clear that she was looking at someone else’s blue egg with disbelief.

But still she sat in the nest. This means she accepted someone else's egg. The foundling became an adopted child.

But what will happen tomorrow when the little wheatear hatches from the egg? When the next morning I approached the birch tree, a nose was sticking out on one side of the nest, and a mocking tail was sticking out on the other.

When she flew off, I looked into the nest. There were four pink eggs and next to them was a naked blind wheatear chick.

I hid and soon saw a mocking bird fly in with a caterpillar in its beak and put it into the little wheatear’s mouth.

Now I was almost sure that the mocking would feed my foundling.

Six days have passed. Every day I approached the nest and every time I saw the mockingbird’s beak and tail sticking out of the nest. I was very surprised how she managed to feed the wheatear and hatch her eggs.

I quickly moved away so as not to interfere with her in this important matter.

On the seventh day, neither beak nor tail stuck out above the nest. I thought: “It's over! The mockingbird has left the nest. The little wheatear died of hunger.” But no - there was a live wheatear in the nest! She was sleeping and didn’t even lift her head up or open her mouth: that meant she was full. She had grown so much these days that she covered the pink testicles barely visible from underneath with her body.

Then I guessed that the adopted child thanked his new mother: with the warmth of his little body he warmed her testicles and hatched her chicks.

And so it was. Mockingbird fed her fosterling, and the fosterling hatched her chicks.

He grew up and flew out of the nest before my eyes.

And just by this time the chicks hatched from the pink eggs. Mockingbird began to feed her own chicks - and fed them well.

(V. Bianchi)

Questions and tasks:

Determine the genre of this work. What event started this story? How do you understand the title of the story? What scared V. Bianchi on the seventh day? How did the foundling thank his new mother? What surprised you about this piece?

Topic: Sergius of Radonezh - the holy land of Russia. V. Klykov “Monument to Sergius of Radonezh.”

Goals : introduce local history facts and materials (the history of the temple in the village of Novo-Sergievo), with an excerpt from the “Life of Sergius of Radonezh”; to form a sustainable interest in the subject, a desire to learn more about the Orthodox culture of Russia; to form an emotional and personal attitude towards cultural and historical facts presented in the lesson; teach to be attentive to the word, enrich your vocabulary; develop students' creative abilities, memory, speech, thinking.

Planned results: subject: the use of different types of reading (study (semantic), selective, search), the ability to consciously perceive and evaluate the content and specifics of a prose text, participate in its discussion, create your own text based on a work of art, reproductions of paintings by artists, from illustrations, based on personal experience ; meta-subject: R - formulation of the educational task of the lesson, based on the analysis of the textbook material in joint activities, understanding it, planning together

activities with the teacher to study the topic of the lesson, evaluating one’s work in the lesson, P - using various ways to search for educational information in reference books, dictionaries, encyclopedias^ and interpreting information in accordance with communicative and cognitive tasks, mastering the logical actions of comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization , classification according to genus-species characteristics, establishing cause-and-effect relationships, constructing reasoning, K - answers to textbook questions based on a work of art; personal: formation of a sense of pride in one’s homeland, its history, people, a holistic view of the world in the unity and diversity of nature, peoples, cultures and religions.

Equipment: a selection of books about St. Sergius of Radonezh for the design of the exhibition, photographs of the monument to St. Sergius of Radonezh by V. Klykov, audio recording of the bell ringing.

Lesson progress 1

I. Organizational moment

II. Speech warm-up

Read it yourself.

My Fatherland! Russia!

The spirit of antiquity lives in you.

And not a single other element

Didn't defeat your people.

From the darkness of centuries you rose

And she became stronger.

Holy Rus' is your beginning,

And St. Sergius is in it.

S. Nikulina

(A recording of a bell ringing sounds.)

Read the topic of the lesson. Define its tasks.

III. Checking homework

Tell us what you learned about Sergius of Radonezh.

IV. Physical education minute

V. Work on the topic of the lesson

(Acquaintance with the lives of saints. A story from a teacher or trained students.)

One day the monk Zosima, who lived on the Solovetsky Islands, came to Novgorod. He was invited to a feast by the rich and famous noblewoman Marfa Boretskaya, the widow of the Novgorod mayor. “And she invited Zosima to dinner, and seated him at the feast... They knew about his virtuous life... He, with his usual humility and meekness, sitting at the feast, took a little food - from his youth he loved silence, not only during meals, but always. And looking at those sitting with him at the feast, Zosima was suddenly surprised and bowed his head, but did not say anything. And again he raised his eyes, and, seeing the same thing, lowered his head, and looked a third time, again he saw the same thing: some of the feasters, sitting among the first, presented themselves to Zosima without heads. And the blessed one was horrified when he saw such an unusual vision, and, sighing from the depths of his soul, shed tears. And I couldn’t touch anything else that was offered at the meal until I left there.” Zosima told about his vision only to two people close to him who were with him at the feast - the monk Herman and the Novgorodian Pamphilius, known for his virtuous life. He told them that he saw six boyars sitting without heads at the feast. The saint ordered Herman and Pamphilius not to tell anyone about this. A few years later, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Vasilyevich went on a campaign with his army to subjugate free Novgorod. “And the Novgorodians met them with many forces, and they had a battle with the commanders of the Grand Duke, and the Novgorodians were beaten in that battle. And the governors captured six great boyars, and then took many other Novgorodians captive and brought them to the Grand Duke. He sent them all to Moscow, and executed some of them, so that others would fear him. And the great prince ordered six boyars to cut off their heads.” Thus the terrible prophetic vision of Saint Zosima was fulfilled.

This vision is narrated in the lives of the highly revered Russian saints Zosima and Savvaty, the founders of the Solovetsky Monastery. The word “life” in Church Slavonic means “life”. Old Russian scribes called “lives” works that tell about the lives of saints. In ancient Russian manuscripts, these works were also often referred to as a story about life or a legend about life and miracles.

The Life is not a work of art in the modern sense. It always tells about events that its compiler and readers considered true and not fictitious. It is no coincidence that the authors of hagiographies (hagiographers) often name witnesses to the life of the saint and the miracles he performed. Supernatural events: resurrection from the dead, sudden healing of incurable patients, etc. - were a reality for ancient Russian scribes.

Open the textbook on p. 21. Consider the monument to Sergius of Radonezh by V. Klykov.

What do you see? Compose an oral history.

VII. Summing up the lesson

What did you learn during the lesson?

What particularly surprised or amazed you?

Material for teachers

Monument to St. Sergius of Radonezh

On May 29, 1988, on the day of the Holy Trinity, a monument to St. Sergius of Radonezh was unveiled - the spiritual inspirer of the victory of the Russian army in the Battle of Kulikovo, who blessed Prince Dmitry Donskoy for the battle with Mamai. The monument was erected near the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in the village of Gorodok near Moscow, later renamed Radonezh.

The place to install the monument was not chosen by chance. Not far away is the city of Sergiev Posad, on whose territory is located the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius - an Orthodox monastery founded by St. Sergius of Radonezh.

The author of the monument is sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov. The monument to St. Sergius of Radonezh represents the figure of Sergius with the image of the young youth Bartholomew - the soul of Sergius, who has retained its purity since childhood. In the hands of the youth is “The Trinity” by Andrei Rublev: on the icon, three angels are sitting at a table in front of the Chalice. Through love a person must unite with God and with his neighbors, then he will become like the Holy Trinity.

Lesson progress 2

Organizing time

. Speech warm-up

(A fragment from the epic is written on the board.)

And he came down from a high mountain,

And he drove up to the heroes of the Holy Russians -

There are twelve of them, Ilya the thirteenth,

And they arrived along the Tatar Silushka,

They let loose the heroic horses,

They began to beat the Tatar strongman,

They trampled the whole great power here...

Read in the “bird market” way (also: slowly, with acceleration, expressively).

Determine the topic and objectives of the lesson.

III. Work on the topic of the lesson

Let's do vocabulary work.

(The teacher and students explain the meaning of unclear words.)

Noble - 1) highly moral, selflessly honest and open; 2) exceptional in its qualities, grace.

PLEASE- 1) a person who pleases (colloquial); 2) in religions: the name of some saints.

VIRTUE- positive moral quality, high morality, moral purity.

RIGHTEOUS- among believers: pious, sinless, corresponding to religious rules.

VOW- solemn promise, commitment.

PIOUS- for believers: observing the instructions of religion, church.

ANGEL- in religious ideas: a supernatural being, a servant of God and his messenger to people.

HUMILITY- lack of pride, willingness to obey someone else's will.

PURSE- a bag for storing money.

GRACE- in religious ideas: power sent from above.

YOUTH- teenage boy.

How do you understand the expressions “with all my soul” and “from the bottom of my heart”?

Find synonyms for the words “noble”, “unprecedented”.

Choose an antonym for the word “bless.” (Curse.)(Reading the text by students.)

IV. Physical education minute

V. Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson

1. Work according to the textbook

Look at p. 23 textbooks, a reproduction of M. Nesterov’s painting “Vision to the Youth Bartholomew.” Read the passage from the text that relates to it.

(Work on questions and assignments 1-3, 5 on p. 29 of the textbook.)

Tell us about the Battle of Kulikovo Field. In your story, use the supporting words given in task 6 on p. 29-30 textbook.

2. Independent work

Check yourself to see if you read carefully. Fill in the missing words.

“God did not allow such a child, who should have been... to be born of the unrighteous....” (Shine, parents.)

“And the day came for the fulfillment of his mother’s vow: after six weeks, that is, when ... the day came after his birth, his parents brought ... to the church of God.” (Fortieth, child.)

“Stephen and Peter quickly learned..., Bartholomew did not... learn to read, but somehow... and not diligently.” (Literacy, quickly, slowly.)

“The boy secretly often with tears... to God, saying: “Lord! Give me... this letter, teach me and... me.” (Prayed, learn, understand.)

The elder replied: “I told you that from this day on the Lord will grant you... letters. Say... God without a doubt.” (Knowledge, word.)

“The sons..., Stephen and Peter, got married; the third son, a blessed young man..., did not want to get married, but was very eager for... life.” (Cyril, Bartholomew, monastic.)

VII. Summing up the lesson

What miracles happen to Sergius of Radonezh before becoming a monk? (Sample answer. Before accepting monasticism, three miracles happen to Sergius, indicating his chosenness. Even before his birth, Bartholomew cried out loudly three times in his mother’s womb during a service. As an infant, the child refused mother's milk when she ate meat, as well as on fasting days - on Wednesdays and Fridays. In his adolescence, Bartholomew acquired the gift of understanding book literacy thanks to the miraculous bread, which was handed to him by the divine elder.)

Remember what you know about Russian folk fairy tales.

How are the fairy tale and the epic about Ilya Muromets similar? How are they different?

Homework

Repeat the material from this section. Collect materials to complete the project (optional). Project topics are given on p. 32 textbooks.

Material for teachers

Sergius of Radonezh

Sergius of Radonezh (Bartholomew) (May 3, 1314 - September 25, 1392) - saint, reverend, greatest ascetic of the Russian land, transformer of monasticism in Northern Rus'. Born into a boyar family in the village of Varnitsa (near Rostov) to parents Kirill and Maria. Bartholomew had an older brother, Stefan, and a younger brother, Peter. Already in infancy, according to legend, HE refused his mother’s milk on the fast days of Wednesday and Friday. At first, his learning to read and write was very unsuccessful, but then, thanks to patience and work, he managed to familiarize himself with the Holy Scriptures and became addicted to the church and monastic life. In 1328, Sergius's parents, driven to poverty, had to leave Rostov and settled in the city of Radonezh (not far from Moscow).

After the death of his parents, Bartholomew went to the Khotkovo-Pokrovsky Monastery, where his elder brother Stefan spent the night. Striving for the strictest monasticism, for living in the wilderness, he did not stay here long and, having convinced Stephen, together with him he founded a hermitage on the banks of the Konchura River, in the middle of the remote Radonezh forest, where he built (c. 1335) a small wooden church in the name of the Holy Trinity, on the site of which now stands a cathedral church also in the name of the Holy Trinity. Soon Stefan left him. Left alone, Bartholomew accepted monasticism in 1337 under the name Sergius.

After two or three years, monks began to flock to him; a monastery was formed, which in 1345 took shape as the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, and Sergius was its second abbot (the first was Mitrofan) and presbyter (from 1354), who set an example for everyone with his humility and hard work. Gradually his fame grew; Everyone began to turn to the monastery, from peasants to princes; many settled next to her and donated their property to her. At first, suffering from the extreme need of everything necessary in the desert, she turned to a rich monastery. The glory of Sergius even reached Constantinople: Patriarch Philotheus of Constantinople sent him a cross, a paramand, a schema and a letter with a special embassy, ​​and with which he praised him for his virtuous life and gave advice to introduce strict communal living in the monastery. On this advice and with the blessing of Metropolitan Alexei, Sergius introduced into the monasteries a community charter, which was later adopted in many Russian monasteries.

Before his death, Metropolitan Alexei, who deeply respected the Radonezh abbot, tried to persuade him to become his successor, but Sergius resolutely refused. According to one contemporary, Sergius “with quiet and meek words” could act on the most hardened and hardened hearts; very often he reconciled the princes warring among themselves, persuading them to obey the Grand Duke of Moscow, thanks to which by the time of the Battle of Kulikovo almost all Russian princes recognized the primacy of Dmitry Ioannovich. Going to this battle, the latter, accompanied by princes, boyars and governors, went to Sergius to pray with him and receive a blessing from him. Blessing him, Sergius predicted victory for him 54

Chronicles, epics, legends, lives

and salvation from death and released two of his monks on the campaign - Peresvet and Oslyabya.

Approaching the Don, Dimitri Ioannovich hesitated whether to cross the river or not, and only after receiving an encouraging letter from Sergius, admonishing him to attack the Tatars as soon as possible, did he begin decisive action. After the Battle of Kulikovo, the Grand Duke began to treat the Radonezh abbot with even greater reverence and invited him in 1389 to seal a spiritual testament that legitimized the new order of succession to the throne - from father to eldest son. On September 25, 1392, Sergius died, and 30 years later his relics and clothes were found incorrupt; in 1452 he was canonized. In addition to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, Sergius founded several more monasteries (Blagoveshchenskaya on Kirzhach, Borisoglebskaya near Rostov, Georgievskaya, Vysotskaya, Golutvinskaya, etc.), and his students founded up to 40 monasteries, mainly in Northern Russia.

Topic: General lesson-game “Chronicles, epics, legends, lives.” Assessment of achievements. Project "Creation calendar of historical events"

Goals : summarize knowledge on the section; learn to listen to the opinions of your comrades, make the right decision in a team, and defend your point of view; develop speech, thinking and creativity.

Planned results: subject: the ability to choose a book for independent reading, focusing on thematic and alphabetical catalogs and recommended bibliography, evaluate the results of one’s reading activity, make adjustments, use reference sources to understand and obtain additional information, independently writing a short summary; meta-subject: P - formulating the educational task of the lesson, planning together with the teacher activities to study the topic of the lesson, evaluating your work in the lesson, P - analysis of the text read, highlighting the main idea in it, K - answers to questions based on the literary text, discussion in a group of answers to teacher questions, proof of your point of view; personal: showing respect for the art book, accuracy in its use.

Equipment: scoreboard on the board.

Subject	Price issue
Time Machine	10	20	30	40	50
Bogatyrs	10	20	30	40	50
Live picture	10	20		40	50
Wheel of History	10	20	30	40	50
Cultural monuments	10	20	30	40	50

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

Today we will play “Our Game”. You will play as a team. Before you give an answer, you should discuss it as a team. In order for the game to be organized, select a team captain. He will name the topic that the team chooses and then give an answer after discussion.

The points earned by the teams are counted. This is how the winning team is determined. We will also check your understanding of the topic.

II. Work on the topic of the lesson

Chapter XX. Disciples and interlocutors of the Sergievs in their monasteries

Chapter XXI. Lives of the parents of St. Sergius, Schemamonk Kirill and Schemanun Maria

Chapter I. Son of Joy

"Rejoice, for before birth there was a proclamation

glorifying the Holy Trinity"

Ikos Menaia

Rejoice, most wonderful in infancy

show us fasting

Akathist, ikos 3

Four versts from the anciently glorious, but now humble Rostov the Great, on a flat open area on the way to Yaroslavl, a small monastery in the name of the Most Holy Trinity was secluded: this is the ordinary Varnitsky Monastery. According to ancient legend, almost six hundred years ago there was a certain woman here, whose name has been forgotten in history, but which has always been and will be famous and dear to the hearts of Orthodox Russian people, because this whole was the blessed homeland of the great mourner and protector of the Russian land, the Venerable and our God-bearing father Sergius, Hegumen of Radonezh and all Rus', the Wonderworker. Here was the estate of his parents, noble and noble Rostov boyars Kirill and Maria; this was their home; This is where they lived, preferring the solitude of rural nature to the bustle of city life at the princely court. However, Kirill was first in the service of the Rostov prince Konstantin II Borisovich, and therefore in the service of Konstantin III Vasilyevich. He more than once accompanied them to the Horde as one of the people closest to them; he owned a fortune sufficient for his position, but due to the simplicity of the morals of that time, living in the village, he did not neglect ordinary rural labor;

We will see later that Cyril sent, for example, his young son to get horses, just as simple villagers now send their little ones.

Kirill and Maria were kind and godly people. Speaking about them, blessed Epiphanius notes that the Lord, who deigned the great lamp to shine in the Russian land, did not allow unrighteous parents to be born to him, for such a child, which, according to God’s dispensation, was later to serve the spiritual benefit and salvation of many, it was fitting to have saintly parents , so that good comes from good and better is added to better, so that the praise of both the begotten and those who give birth may mutually increase to the glory of God. And their righteousness was known not only to God, but also to people.

Cyril and Maria already had a son, Stefan, when God gave them another son - the future founder of the Trinity Lavra, the beauty of the Orthodox Church and the indestructible support of their native land. Long before the birth of this holy baby, the wondrous Providence of God had already given a sign about him that this would be the great chosen one of God and a holy branch of the blessed root. One Sunday, his pious mother came to church for the Divine Liturgy and humbly stood, according to the custom of that time, in the vestibule of the church along with the other wives. The liturgy began; They had already sung the Trisagion hymn, and then shortly before the reading of the Holy Gospel, suddenly, in the midst of general silence and reverent silence, the baby cried out in her womb, so that many paid attention to this cry.

When they began to sing the Cherubic Song, the baby cried out another time and, moreover, so loudly that his voice was heard throughout the church. It is clear that his mother was frightened, and the women standing near her began to talk among themselves about what this extraordinary cry of the baby could mean. Meanwhile, the liturgy continued. The priest exclaimed: "Let's take a look! Holy of holies!" At this exclamation, the baby exclaimed for the third time, and the embarrassed mother almost fell from fear: she began to cry... Then women surrounded her and, perhaps wanting to help her calm the crying child, they began to ask: “Where is your baby? Why is he screaming so loudly?” But Mary, in emotional agitation, shedding tears, could hardly say to them: “I don’t have a baby; ask someone else.” The women began to look around and, not seeing the baby anywhere, again pestered Mary with the same question. Then she was forced to tell them frankly that she really did not have a baby in her arms, but she was carrying him in her womb...

“How can a baby cry when it is still in the womb?” - the surprised women objected to her.

“In our time,” says Saint Philaret of Moscow, “witnesses of such an incident would probably have a lot of concern about finding the reason that produced this extraordinary phenomenon. More discerning ones, perhaps, would dare to guess that the prayerful delight of the pious mother during three important periods of the sacred rite conveyed an extraordinary excitement of life to the fruit that she bore in her womb. But at that time they loved not so much curious speculations as reverent observation of the ways of Providence, and the people left the church, repeating what was written in the Gospel about John the Baptist: that this will happen to the child (Lk. 1:66)? May the will of the Lord be done to him!”

The reverent describer of the life of Sergius, the Monk Epiphanius, accompanies his narration of this extraordinary incident with the following reflection: “It is worthy of surprise that the baby, being in his mother’s womb, did not cry out somewhere outside the church, in a secluded place where there was no one, but precisely in front of the people, as if so that many would hear him and become worthy witnesses of this circumstance. It is also remarkable that he shouted not just quietly, but to the whole church, as if making it clear that fame about him would spread throughout the whole earth. He did not shout when his mother was somewhere at a feast or was sleeping, but when she was in church, and precisely during prayer, as if indicating that he would be a strong man of prayer before God, he did not shout in any way; or another place, but precisely in the church, in a clean place, in a holy place, where the shrines of the Lord are located and sacred rites are performed, signifying that he himself will be a perfect shrine of the Lord in the fear of God. It is also worthy of note that he did not proclaim once or twice, but precisely three times, showing that he would be a true disciple of the Holy Trinity, since the triple number is preferred to any other number, because everywhere and always this number is the source and beginning all that is good and saving." After this, citing from the Old Testament and New Testament history examples and indications testifying to the important signification of the trinity number, and remembering the terrible secret of the Trinitarian Deity, blessed Epiphanius continues: "It was fitting for this baby to proclaim three times while still in his mother’s womb, before birth into the world, as a sign that he will one day be a servant of the Holy Trinity and will lead many to the knowledge of God, teaching his verbal sheep to believe in the Holy Trinity, consubstantial in the one Divinity. And indeed,” Epiphanius further argues, “didn’t all this serve as a clear indication of everything wondrous and wonderful in his subsequent life? Didn't all this come true through his miraculous deeds? And whoever saw and heard about the first omens, then had to believe what followed them, for these omens were not given simply, not without a special purpose: they were harbingers and the beginning of everything that happened subsequently. Let us remember the ancient saints who shone forth in the Old and New Testaments: both the conception and the birth of many of them were predicted by a special revelation from God. Thus, God chose and sanctified the prophet Jeremiah from his mother’s womb; Another prophet, Isaiah, testifies to the same thing, and the holy and great Prophet and Forerunner of Christ John, while still in his mother’s womb, knew the Lord, carried in the womb of the Most Pure Ever-Virgin Mary: and the baby leaped with joy in the womb (Lk. 1:44) to his mother Elizabeth and through her own mouth he cried out prophetically: where do I get this, that the Mother of my Lord should come to me (v. 43)? There is a legend about the holy prophet Elijah that his parents saw how bright and handsome men wrapped this baby in fiery shrouds and fed him with a fiery flame. " Further, Epiphanius gives similar stories about saints Nicholas the Wonderworker, Ephraim the Syrian, Alypius and Simeon the Stylites, Theodore Sikeot , Euthymia the Great, Theodore of Edessa and Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, stories that we omit so that, in the words of Blessed Epiphanius himself, “the listener is lazy not to create rumors with the length of his words,” and we present here only his final thoughts: “Wonderful,” he says , - was this proclamation of the baby in the womb of the mother; The whole life of this truly wonderful husband was wonderful! The Lord, even before his birth, marked him with His grace and, through an unusual event, foretold His special Divine providence for him.”

Venerable Sergius of Radonezh. Icon, 17th century

Always devoted to the will of God and attentive to the ways of Providence, Cyril and Maria understood the instructions of God's Providence and, in accordance with these instructions, had to conduct the matter of raising a child. After the incident described, the mother especially became unusually attentive to her condition. Always having in mind that she was carrying in her womb a baby who would be the chosen vessel of the Holy Spirit, Mary spent the rest of her pregnancy preparing to meet in him a future ascetic of piety and abstinence, and therefore herself, like the mother of the ancient judge of the Israeli Sampson (see: Judgment 13:4), carefully kept her soul and body clean and strictly abstinent in everything. “Carefully preserving the gift of God that she carried in her womb, she wanted,” says St. Plato, “through her abstinence to give the child’s body pure and healthy nutrition, well understanding with her good heart the truth that virtue, shining in a healthy and beautiful body, becomes through this it is even more beautiful."

Always a reverent and zealous prayer worker, the righteous mother now felt a special need in her heart for prayer, so she often moved away from human gaze and in the silence of solitude with tears poured out before God her fervent maternal prayer for the future fate of her baby. “Lord!” she said then, “Save and preserve me, Thy wretched servant; save and protect this baby carried in my womb, You are the Lord who protects the babies (Ps. 114:5); Thy will be done, Lord, be upon us, and may Thy name be blessed forever!" Thus, the God-fearing mother of the holy child remained in strict fasting and frequent heartfelt prayer; so the child itself, the blessed fruit of her womb, even before its birth was in some way already purified and sanctified by fasting and prayer.

“Oh, parents,” St. Philaret notes when narrating this, “if you knew how much good or, on the contrary, how much evil you can communicate to your children even before their birth! You would be surprised at the accuracy of God’s judgment, which blesses children in their parents.” and parents in children and transfers the sins of the fathers onto the children (Num. 14:18), and, thinking about this, you would reverently carry out the ministry entrusted to you from Him, from whom the whole family in heaven and on earth is called (Eph. 3). :15)".

Cyril and Maria saw the great mercy of God on themselves; their piety required that the feelings of gratitude to the beneficent God that animated them be expressed in some external feat of piety, in some reverent vow; and what could be more pleasing to the Lord in the circumstances in which they found themselves than a strong heartfelt desire and firm determination to prove themselves fully worthy of God’s mercy? And so righteous Mary, like Saint Anna, the mother of the prophet Samuel, together with her husband made the following promise: if God gives them a son, then dedicate him to serving God. This meant that they, for their part, promised to do everything they could so that the will of God would be fulfilled on their future child, that God’s secret predestination about him would be fulfilled, to which they already had some indication. There are few, of course, such parents, and there are hardly any lucky ones in our sinful times who could so decisively and, moreover, infallibly determine the fate of their children even before their birth: it is dangerous and unreasonable to make vows, the fulfillment of which does not depend on the will of those who promise ; the righteous parents of Sergius could do this because they already had a mysterious indication of the future fate of their child; but which Christian parent would not want to see their children as future citizens of the Kingdom of Heaven? And if everyone desires, then let everyone make a firm and unchangeable vow in their hearts - to do for their part everything that depends on them, so that their children will be true children of God by grace, so that they will be obedient sons of our common mother - the Holy Orthodox Church, so that neither children nor parents later experience the bitter fate of the sons of the Kingdom, who will be expelled, according to the word of the Lord, into utter darkness. "Why was man created by God?" - they asked one simple old man. “To be an heir to the Kingdom of God,” he answered.

On May 3 (hereinafter the dates are given according to the old style - Ed.) 1319 in the house of the boyar Kirill there was general joy and fun: God gave Mary a son. The righteous parents invited their relatives and good friends to share with them the joy of the birth of a new family member, and everyone thanked God for this new mercy that He showed at the house of the pious boyar. On the fortieth day after birth, the parents brought the baby to church to perform Holy Baptism on him and at the same time fulfill their promise to present the child as an immaculate sacrifice to God, who gave him. The reverent priest, named Michael, gave the baby the name Bartholomew at Holy Baptism, of course, because on this day (June 11) the memory of the holy Apostle Bartholomew was celebrated, for this was required by the then church custom; but this name and its old meaning, “son of joy,” was especially comforting for the parents of this baby, for is it possible to describe the joy that filled their hearts when they saw before them the beginning of the fulfillment of those bright hopes that rested on this baby from the day of his miraculous announcement in his mother's womb? Cyril and Maria told this incident to the priest, and he, as well versed in the Holy Scriptures, showed them many examples from the Old and New Testaments, when God’s chosen ones from their mother’s womb were destined to serve God, and gave them the words of the prophet David about the perfect foreknowledge of God: Thy eyes have seen my undone (Ps. 139:16), and the Apostle Paul: We have been chosen by God from my mother’s womb... to reveal His Son in me, that I may preach Him to the nations (Gal. 1: 15-16), and other similar passages Holy Scripture and consoled them with gracious hope regarding their newborn: “Do not be embarrassed,” he told them, “and even more rejoice that your son will be a chosen vessel of the Spirit of God and a servant of the Holy Trinity.” And, having blessed the child and his parents, the minister of the altar of Christ sent them away in peace.

Meanwhile, the mother, and then others, began to notice something unusual in the baby again: when the mother happened to be satisfied with meat food, the baby did not take her nipples; the same thing was repeated, and without any reason, on Wednesdays and Fridays, so that on these days the baby was completely left without food. And this was repeated not once, not twice, but constantly; the mother, of course, was worried, thought that the child was unwell, consulted with other women who carefully examined the child, but there were no signs of illness, either internal or external; on the contrary, the baby not only did not cry, but looked cheerfully at them, smiling and playing with his hands... Finally, they paid attention to the time when the baby did not accept his mother’s breasts, and then everyone was convinced that in this children’s fasting, “the previous dispositions of the mother were marked,” as St. Philaret put it, and the seeds of his future dispositions were manifested. . Raised by fasting in the womb of the mother, the baby, even at birth, seemed to demand fasting from the mother. And the mother really began to observe the fast even more strictly: she completely abandoned meat food, and the baby, except for Wednesdays and Fridays, always fed on mother’s milk after that.

One day, Mary gave the baby into the arms of another woman so that she would feed him with her breasts, but the child did not want to take the breasts of someone else’s mother; the same thing happened with other nurses... “The good branch of the good root,” says Blessed Epiphanius, “was fed only by the pure milk of the one who gave birth to him. So this baby from his mother’s womb knew God, in the very swaddling clothes he learned the truth, in the very cradle he became accustomed to fasting and, together with his mother’s milk, he learned to abstain... Being by nature still a baby, he already began fasting above nature; from infancy he was a child of purity, nourished not so much by milk as by piety, and chosen by God even before birth "...

“Many mothers,” notes Saint Plato on this occasion, “do not consider it an important matter to feed the child with their breasts, but in fact it is very important. Why does the Creator of nature fill the mother’s breasts with milk, if not to prepare them for nutritious food for the baby? And with this food, that is, with milk, his future inclinations and morals are poured into the baby.” “Someone else’s milk,” St. Demetrius of Rostov argues in one place, “is not as beneficial for a baby as the milk of his own mother. If the nurse is sick, then the child will be sick; if she is angry, intemperate, grumpy, so will the child, which she feeds. A child raised by someone else’s milk, not his mother’s, will not have the same love and affection for his mother that children fed by her own milk have. May dumb animals put such mothers to shame: not one of them trusts the other to feed their own children.” . “It would be better for a good mother to think,” says St. Philaret of Moscow, “whether to suddenly take away the mother from two babies: the nurse’s baby and her own, and whether to force her baby to drink from the nurse’s breast, perhaps out of longing for her own child left behind by her, instead of him drinking love from his mother's breast." “There are mothers,” says St. John Chrysostom, “who give their children to wet nurses. Christ did not allow this. He feeds us with his own body and gives us his own blood to drink.”

The time of Bartholomew's breastfeeding is over; the child left the cradle; growing in body, it became stronger in spirit, filled with reason and the fear of God;