Biblical myths: Pharaoh crossing the sea. Crossing the Red Sea
American amateur archaeologist Ron Wyatt and his sons explored the path by which the Jews returned from Egyptian captivity.
“And the children of Israel went up into the midst of the sea on dry ground: and the waters became a wall to them on the right hand and on the left.”(Ex. 14:22). Having traveled from Egypt, the Jews entered the Sinai Peninsula. They did not go along the coast because there were many wild warring tribes there. They did not go through the lands of their enemies, the Philistines, living in the north, and they could not go through the deserts of the south. There was only one possible path for them: to follow a deep, narrow gorge called Wadi Watir, which led them to the only place on the entire left Egyptian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba that could accommodate several million people. The path to the north of the Israelites was blocked by the Egyptian military fortress of Migdol (Exodus 14:2). To the south of the location of the Jewish people on the seashore, the mountains descend to the water itself so that people with carts of children and livestock could not pass there. They could not turn back; they were pursued by the Egyptian army. God brought them to the exact place where He could deliver them from the hand of Pharaoh and show them His glory. According to the Bible, there were only men capable of fighting, not counting women, children and the elderly, 603,550 among the Jews (Num. 2:32) + 8,500 among the Levites (Num. 4:48) + “a multitude of people of different tribes” (Ex. 12) :38).
In 1988, in the area of these places on the bottom of the Red Sea, on an area of about 200 square meters, fragments of about 400 human skeletons were discovered, as well as a large number of military equipment of the era of the pharaohs, including components of war chariots. About 600 wheels from ancient Egyptian carts were also discovered. Why are there so many wheels in the middle of the Red Sea? The Red Sea has not changed its borders: where the middle of the sea is now, it was there then. The answer can only be found in the Bible: these are the wheels from Pharaoh's carts, on which the Egyptian army, pursuing the Jews, reached the middle of the parted sea, and the Lord closed the waters of the sea over their heads, drowning the entire army of Pharaoh. But the most amazing thing is the underwater dirt bridge at the bottom of the Red Sea. Just in the place where, like it was assumed that a transition had been made. Throughout the Gulf of Aqaba, the water depth averages 5,000 feet (or approximately 1,500 m). The steepness of the descent into the water off the coast of Egypt is 45°. And only in one place, on the shore of Nuweiba, does the underwater bridge descend with a gradual slope of 6° to a depth of only 100 meters. The distance from Nuweiba to Saudi Arabia is about 13 km. The width of the underwater bridge is about 900 meters. The Jews did not know this, and even if they knew, it would not matter to them: they had neither ships, nor even boats. God created this isthmus for them to balance the water walls of the parted sea.
On the coast of the exodus, Ron discovered a column lying near the water. On the opposite coast, in Saudi Arabia, he found another, exactly the same column, with an inscription in Hebrew that reads: “Mizraim (Egypt), Solomon, Edom, Death, Pharaoh, Moses, Yahweh.” He suggested that these columns were erected by Solomon in memory of the crossing of the Red Sea. The inscriptions on a column found on the shores of Egypt were destroyed by water. The authorities subsequently installed it on a concrete base. The Cairo Ministry of Antiquities announced an important discovery made by a team of underwater archaeologists at the bottom of the Red Sea. One and a half kilometers from the coast near the city of Ras Rarib, the remains of an ancient Egyptian army dating back to the 14th century BC, the era of Pharaoh Akhenaten, were discovered on the seabed. Professor Abed El-Muhammad Gader from Cairo University does not rule out that the discovery made by his team may be confirmation of the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt. According to the book of Exodus, Pharaoh for a long time refused to let the Jews go with Moses, but after the “ten plagues” he was forced to agree. When the Jews left, Pharaoh changed his mind and sent an army to bring them back. Then the Lord, in order to save the Jews, parted the waters of the Red Sea, and then brought them down on the Egyptian army, which was chasing the Jews.
Our contemporaries, for the most part, do not believe in “miracles”, in enlightened sages, although few have not heard that when Moses led the children of Israel out of Egypt, God caused the waters of the Red Sea to part [the Red Sea, according to the Bible] and let the fugitives pass, but closed over Pharaoh's army. However, those who truly believe in this miracle can now be counted on one hand. Most people mistake this and other miracles for fiction, superstition and “old wives’ tales.” From this article the reader will learn about archaeological finds related to this story.
Egypt is steeped in history, full of traces of ancient sciences, inventions and unique structures. The book “Exodus” (Second Book of Moses) says that Moses led the children of Israel out of Egypt, they wandered in the desert for 40 years, and during this time many miracles happened.
To begin with, did Moses even exist and did he live in Egypt?
When Moses was a baby, his foster mother [Batya, Pharaoh's daughter] was named Hatchapsut, and Moses was given the name Senmut. The serpent on his head on the statue signifies his belonging to the court. When Moses grew up, his Egyptian name was Tat Moses II. There are ancient statues in Egypt that have a distinctly Jewish profile. It is believed that these are precisely the images of Moses.
When Moses killed an Egyptian overseer who was mocking a Jew, he had to flee Egypt to avoid death. Pharaoh found out about this and sent his people to detain Moses, but Moses was able to hide in the land of Midian (Midian). Moses was married and had a son, whom he named Gersh, which means “stranger in a strange land.” This indicates that Moses was in a land not ruled by the Egyptians at that time. From the Holy Scriptures it is known that Moses led a flock of sheep, the priest of Midian. Midian is not the area we today call the Sinai Peninsula. It is located in Saudi Arabia and can be found in this location on most maps. Moses led this tribe across the desert and came to Mount Horeb, and the Angel of the Lord appeared to him in the Burning Bush. God commanded Moses to lead the people of Israel out of Egypt and bring them to this mountain. After the Ten Plagues of Egypt (in the form of water turning into blood, frogs, lice, wild animals, animal plague, skin sores, hail, locusts, darkness, killing the firstborn), sent to Egypt, Pharaoh finally allowed Moses to take him out people from Egypt.
According to the research of archaeologist Ron Wyatt, Amenhotep III was the pharaoh at the time of the Exodus. Most archaeologists do not believe in the Exodus route. According to the Bible, Moses led the people of Israel to the Sinai Peninsula. But no archaeological evidence has been found that these people lived there for 40 years. However, it is possible, 40 is not such a long time, especially since they were nomadic and did not build any structures.
At the beginning of the Exodus, the children of Israel lived in the Nile Delta region or the land of Ramses and first camped in the northern part of the Gulf of Suez or Sukkot. This was the beginning of a nomadic lifestyle. They then wandered through the desert near the Red Sea, or what we today call the Sinai Peninsula, and came to the Gulf of Aqaba.
It is traditionally believed that the children of Israel crossed the Red Sea in a place that does not correspond to the biblical stories. Could the "Bitter Lakes" (Merru) be a place mentioned in the Bible? Could thousands of chariot soldiers drown in such shallow waters?
While crossing the desert near the Red Sea to escape Pharaoh's army, God told Moses to turn south, so they headed through a wadi or canyon called Wadi Watir and came out to the sea. The Bible says that they were lost in the land and the desert trapped them.
The shore where the crossing took place
Upon arrival on the shore, the children of Israel felt trapped, unable to turn back or north, because in the northern part of the shore there was a three-story Egyptian military fortress, which, being restored, still stands today.
In addition, the mountains prevented their escape. In the south, the mountains descended to the sea itself, as Josephus (ancient historian) said: “For [on each side] there were mountains that entered the sea, and were impassable because of their roughness, and prevented their escape.” “Jewish Antiquities , book 2, 15-3 "These mountains can be seen today. If you look at the map of the coast, it is large enough and can accommodate a couple of million people. That is, only Nuweiba, Egypt remains.
Granite Column of Solomon
The column matches a similar column on the other side of the bay in Saudi Arabia. The column is engraved with Hebrew words untouched by time: death, water, Pharaoh, Edom, Lord (Yahweh) and Solomon. These columns are 3000 years old, on the one in Saudi Arabia, the words of the inscription were destroyed due to the ideological struggle between these two peoples.
These columns were erected by King Solomon 400 years after the miracle of crossing the Red Sea. Solomon's seaport was located in the northern part of the Gulf of Aqaba in Eilat; the king knew the crossing point of the Red Sea. The Bible also mentions this column. The full name of this place on the map is Nuwayba" al Muzayyinah (Nuweiba al Muzayina), which means: "The waters of Moses parted."
The Holy Scripture says that God caused a strong east wind to arise, and the waters parted, and the children of Israel were able to cross the Red Sea on dry land to Arabia. The crossing path is between a quarter and half a mile wide and gradually descends to the bottom of the Red Sea before rising to the shore in Saudi Arabia. On both sides of the crossing point are the depths of the Red Sea, these are the Eilat and Arag depressions with depths of 3000 - 5000 feet, respectively.
Some of the chariot wheels were found by archaeologist Ron Wyatt, who used a molecular frequency generator - equipment designed to find gold. The Bible says that all of Pharaoh's chariots and over 600 gilded chariots were used to pursue God's people. There is an assumption that 20,000 chariots were destroyed that day. Four-spoke wheels were found in an Egyptian tomb from the time period. The four-, six- and eight-spoke wheels found in the Gulf were used only at this time, that is, during the 18th Dynasty or 1446 BC, when the Exodus took place. Numerous chariot wheels, as well as human and horse bones covered with coral, were found at the crossing site. The same chariot wheels were also found on the other side of the Red Sea (at the crossing point). A dried hoof of a horse was also found, whereas today there are no horses in the Sinai Peninsula.
“And the Egyptians pursued them, and all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and the horsemen, and all his army, and overtook them, camped by the sea at Pi-hahiroth in front of Baal-zephon.
Pharaoh drew near, and the children of Israel looked back, and behold, the Egyptians were coming after them: and they were greatly afraid.<...>
And the Lord said to Moses:
<...>lift up your staff and stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide it, and the children of Israel will pass through the sea on dry land.<...>
And the Lord drove the sea back with a strong east wind all night and made the sea dry land, and the waters parted.
And the children of Israel went up into the midst of the sea on dry land: and the waters were a wall to them on the right hand and on the left.
The Egyptians pursued, and all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots and his horsemen followed them into the middle of the sea.<...>
And the Lord said to Moses:
stretch out your hand over the sea, and let the waters turn on the Egyptians, on their chariots and on their horsemen.<...>
And by morning the water returned to its place<...>and she covered the chariots and horsemen of all Pharaoh's army that went into the sea after them; not one of them remained” (Exodus, chapter 14).
The above story of the Jews crossing the Red (Red) Sea is known to many, including people far from history and religion. For the ancient Jews themselves, the miracle of the parting of the waters was a completely ordinary episode of the manifestation of God’s Providence for them.
The marvelous passage through the Red (Black) Sea has colossal significance in the history of the Jewish people:
first, through this transition the Israelites were freed from Egyptian slavery and became a free nation;
secondly, the miracle that occurred further strengthened the faith of the Jews in the one true God;
thirdly, in the eyes of the Jews, the authority of their leader, Moses, was established.
And finally, the fantastic passage of the Jewish people through the Red Sea showed the power of the God of Israel and brought fear and awe to the surrounding pagan peoples.
This transition prefigured baptism, through which we are freed from the power of the devil and slavery to sin.
Since ancient times, it was believed that a miracle happened and believers firmly believed in it. However, as civilization and consciousness developed, researchers began to look for a natural scientific explanation for this phenomenon, as well as the place in Egypt where it could have occurred.
It is traditionally believed that the crossing point across the Red Sea was in the Suez Canal area. However, no mountains have been discovered there until now. Unlike the biblical description, the terrain there is flat.
Over the years, various localizations of this event and all sorts of reasons for the departure and return of the waters have been proposed. At the same time, the most popular versions were tsunamis and volcanic eruptions, but some researchers believed that the hypothesis should integrate all the factors mentioned in the text, in particular the east wind, which blew all night.
Here are some of them.
On the Sinai Peninsula, researchers discovered light-colored pumice that was brought from the center of the Aegean Sea as a result of a volcanic explosion on the island of Santorini in the 17th century BC. This catastrophe is associated both with the death of Atlantis and with the passage of the Jews through the Red Sea.
Egypt's chief archaeologist, Zahi Hawass, considers this discovery one of the most important for the study of Egypt from the time of the pharaohs.
In pharaonic, or biblical, times, the Red Sea was almost not separated from the Mediterranean, since then the Great Bitter and Little Bitter lakes remained, through which the Suez Canal passes. Actually, in these places, at a distance of 6.5 km from the coast, pumice was found.
As you know, before catastrophic floods, the sea first retreats to a fairly significant distance, and only then the wave hits the coast. This is very reminiscent of the Jews crossing the Red Sea: the waters first “opened”, the Jewish people crossed to the other side, and then “opened up” over the heads of the pursuing Egyptians...
In 1994, Japanese researchers Shugo Ueno and Masa-katsu Iwasaka from the University of Tokyo made loud statement that they reproduced the divine miracle in the laboratory.
During the experiment, they wrapped a pipe with wires, then induced an electromagnetic field and poured water inside.
The magnetic force acting on the water overpowered the gravitational force, the water parted - a passage formed along the axis of the pipe.
This effect was called by researchers “the effect of the prophet Moses” (The Moses Effect).
Israeli and American experts Nathan Paldor and Doron Nof suggested that the passage was exposed in the area of the current Suez Canal. There is a coral reef there.
French Egyptologist Pierre Montet (1885-1966), at one time put forward a hypothesis according to which Moses chose the northernmost possible route, along the shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
In one place, the path lay between the coast and the shallow, often dry Lake Sirbonis (currently Lake Bardawil in the north of the Sinai Peninsula), the bottom of which is located several meters below sea level.
So, according to the hypothesis of Pierre Monte, the Jews decided to “cut the corner” and moved straight along the exposed bottom, but when the Egyptians tried to repeat the same maneuver, a sudden storm in the Mediterranean Sea broke through the isthmus between it and the lake and the water poured straight onto the Pharaoh’s troops.
To be fair, it is worth noting that a similar phenomenon is described by the ancient Greek geographer and historian Strabo.
But the above hypothesis misses one essential and specific message from the Bible: the wind was blowing from the east, and what Pierre Montet suggested could only have happened if it had been from the north...
Researcher Steve Rudd suggested that this event occurred in the very throat of the Gulf of Aqaba, that is, practically in the open sea...
In 2002, St. Petersburg oceanologists Alexey Androsov and Naum Volzinger made calculations and made the assumption that if by the Red Sea we mean the Gulf of Aqaba, which separates the Sinai Peninsula from the Arabian, then in the area of the underwater reef near Nuweiba with a wind speed of 33 m/s (119 km/h) during low tide, the water level can drop to 20-25 cm in 9 hours, and then a reef bank 2-3 km wide will be exposed for four hours...
Their hypothesis was criticized by American researchers.
A team led by Carl Drews and Weiqing Han, consisting of scientists from the US National Center for Atmospheric Research and the University of Colorado at Boulder, is modeling the effects of winds on water masses.
As a pilot study, the team decided to simulate the parting of the Red Sea during the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt.
Using archaeological data, maps and satellite data, scientists were able to figure out what the depth of the stream and the direction of the current were 3,000 years ago.
As a result, Americans argue that their Russian counterparts made unrealistic assumptions.
Firstly, reefs are never completely flat; they always have depressions filled with water, which will impede the transition.
As for the smooth reef, it would take 12 hours to dry...
Secondly, such a wind speed is a 12-point hurricane on the Beaufort scale, which would cause terrible destruction and the Jews would simply be covered in sand...
In turn, the Americans offer another location for this biblical event: north of the Gulf of Suez there is one of the largest salt lakes in Egypt, Manzala (Menzeleh). In the old days, one of the branches of the Nile delta flowed into it.
Using computer modeling, Drews and Han determined that with an easterly wind blowing for 12 hours (which is exactly what the Bible says “all night”), the water in the lake could drop 1.8 meters, exposing a passage 5 km wide!
The land could hold out for about 4 hours, after which it would suddenly disappear...
Scientists reported this in a study entitled “Wind Dynamics in the Suez Canal Zone and the Eastern Nile Delta.”
Moreover, computer models only confirmed what was known a long time ago.
For example, in January 1882, British Major General Sir Alexander Bruce Tulloch, who was overseeing work on the Suez Canal, wrote the following:
“The east wind grew rapidly and finally became so strong that it forced me to stop working.
The next morning the wind had largely died down. I went out to the bank of the canal and was amazed to see that Lake Menzeleh had disappeared to the very horizon and the Arabs were wandering through the mud where large boats had sailed yesterday.
As I thought about this amazing effect of the wind on shallow waters, I suddenly realized that I was witnessing an event similar to what happened three and a half thousand years ago, during the crossing of the so-called Red Sea by Israel.
We don’t argue that the parted Gulf of Aqaba is more impressive than some shallow lake, but, most likely, the biblical text more confirms the hypothesis associated with Lake Manzala: the whole point is that in the original Hebrew the hydronym Yam-Suf appears, that is “a sea of reeds”, which grows more in marshy areas than on the shores of a real deep sea...
The expanse of water forced by the Jews began to be called Chermny only in the Greek translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, which was made in the 3rd century BC. e.
In 1978, explorer Ron Wyatt and his two sons discovered and photographed a large number of individual chariot parts that were covered in coral at the bottom of the Red Sea in the Gulf of Aqaba.
One of these finds was an eight-spoke chariot wheel, which was later used It was given to the director of the Museum of Egyptian Antiquity, Dr. Nassef Mohamed Hassan, for study.
Having examined this wheel, Dr. Hassan authoritatively stated that it belongs to the 18th dynasty, dating the exodus to 1446 BC. e.
When he was asked why he decided so, he explained that the wheel with 8 spokes was used only during this period - the reign of Ramesses II and Moses.
The remains of skeletons of horses and people, chariot hubs, wheels with 4, 6 and 8 spokes - all this was on the seabed as a silent confirmation of the miracle of the division of the Red Sea...
One of the most significant finds is undoubtedly a gilded wheel with four spokes, presumably from the pharaoh's chariot.
Over many centuries, the tree collapsed and only a thin golden shell remained.
Everything discovered allowed Ron Wyatt to make the assumption that the Gulf of Aqaba is the place of passage.
An indirect proof of this was also the fact that only here there is a place that, if necessary, could accommodate millions of the sons of Israel...
After studying British Admiralty documents, Ron learned that this place contained an ideal natural underwater trail that led across the bay.
The shores on both sides of this underwater ridge in the Gulf of Aqaba dropped steeply and the depth reached 1670 meters, while on the ridge itself the depth was 300-340 meters.
Based on the foregoing, Ron Wyatt hypothesized that the Gulf of Aqaba is the crossing point of the Red Sea.
Ufologists believe that in that very “pillar of cloud” that was glowing, there was a UFO hiding, which performed this miracle, pressing the sea water so that the bottom was exposed...
A source of information:
1. Ivanov “Let’s simulate a miracle”
2. documentary film “Exodus and crossing of the Red Sea”
Is it possible to “part the sea” in such a way that the waves disperse in different directions, exposing the bottom, and people, animals, and carts move along it to the other side? The Bible records such a miracle in the Book of Exodus. Six hundred war chariots, raising dust to the very sky, rushed after the Jewish people leaving Egypt. The Exodus began - an event that has no equal in drama in ancient history Jews The anger of the pharaoh, who personally led the army, was terrible. Six hundred thousand slaves left his country - the best farmers, builders and artisans. Ten Egyptian plagues - ten terrible disasters were sent by God to Egypt, and the stubborn king eventually agreed to release the Jews to their homeland. But now he changed his mind and decided to return those leaving by force!
The Jews reached the shore of the Red Sea when Pharaoh's army appeared on the horizon. Despair took possession of the fugitives: the women cried, and the men cursed the day when they decided to leave their well-fed slavery. Behind them a terrible death was catching up, and ahead of them lay the expanse of water of the sea for many kilometers. And suddenly... This is what the book “Exodus” says: “...Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea with a strong east wind all night and made the sea dry land, and the waters parted.”
The Jews crossed the Red Sea along its bottom! When they were on the other side, Moses raised his hand again and the waves crashed down on his pursuers.
We do not know the exact date of the exodus of the Jews from Egypt. The route along which the prophet led his people is also unknown. Where did the Jews go to the sea? Where did the miracle happen and can it be explained from a scientific point of view? In 1882, more than three thousand years after the exodus, the English general Alexander Bruce Tulloch described an unusual a natural phenomenon, which he witnessed on the Suez Canal.
Expert comment:
The east wind increased rapidly and finally became so strong that it forced me to stop working. The next morning the wind had largely died down. I went out to the bank of the canal and was amazed to see that Lake Menzeleh had disappeared to the very horizon and the Arabs were wandering through the mud where large boats had sailed yesterday. As I thought about this amazing effect of the wind on shallow waters, I suddenly realized that I was witnessing an event similar to what happened almost three and a half thousand years ago, during the crossing of the Red Sea by Israel.
Lake Menzeleh, about which General Tulloch writes, is called Manzala on maps of modern Egypt and is located northwest of the Suez Canal. Having examined the landscape of the area, the general suggested that during the time of Moses the Red Sea extended all the way to these places.
General Tulloch was a respected man. After the Crimean War, he served on a commission investigating corruption in the British army. Everyone knew that he was a man of his word, firm and decisive, not prone to baseless fantasies. Therefore, it never occurred to anyone to doubt the veracity of his story. But is it possible for the wind to dry up the sea?
The question of the effect of wind on water was studied by Russian and American oceanologists. In 2006, St. Petersburg residents Alexey Androsov and Naum Volzinger calculated that at a certain wind speed, the water level in the Gulf of Aqaba in the northern Red Sea could drop and expose a reef bank two to three kilometers wide for several hours. Four years later - in 2010 - Americans Karl Druce and Weiqing Khan proposed another option.
The passage of the Jews through the Red Sea and other miracles
The Jews, upon leaving Egypt, headed to the Red or Red Sea. The Egyptians, having buried their dead firstborns, began to regret that they had let the Jews go. Pharaoh, having gathered an army with chariots and horsemen, set off in pursuit of the Jews. He caught up with them at the seashore. Seeing the formidable hordes of Pharaoh behind them, the Jews were horrified. Instead of asking God for help, they began to grumble at Moses for leading them out of Egypt. Encouraging them, Moses prayed to God in his soul. The Lord heard his prayer. A pillar of cloud stood behind the Jews and hid them from the Egyptians. The Lord said to Moses: “Take your rod, stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it.” Moses stretched out his hand with the rod to the sea. And the Lord raised a strong eastern wind all night, and the waters parted. And the Jews walked along the dry bottom, but the water was a wall to them on the right and on the left. Hearing movement in the Jewish camp, the Egyptians chased the Jews along the bottom of the sea and had already reached the middle of the sea. At this time, the Jews came to the other side. Moses again, at the command of God, stretched out his hand with a rod over the sea. The sea water poured out and covered the chariots and horsemen of the entire army of Pharaoh, and drowned the Egyptians.
Then the people of Israel (the Jews), with great joy, sang a song of thanksgiving To the Lord God, your Helper and Patron.
Mariam the prophetess, Aaron's sister, took the tympanum in her hands, and all the women followed her with timbrels and rejoicing. And Miriam sang before them: “Sing to the Lord, for He is highly exalted; He cast horse and rider into the sea.”
Song of Mariama
The passage of the Jews through the Red Sea, the waters of which separated and delivered the Jews from the wickedness and slavery of Egypt, prefigured baptism, through which we are freed from the power of the devil and slavery to sin.
During the journey of the Jews from Egypt to the Promised Land, the Lord performed many other miracles. One day the Jews came to a place where the water was bitter. They could not drink it and grumbled against Moses. The Lord pointed Moses to a tree. As soon as he put it in the water, the water became sweet.
This tree, which took away the bitterness from the water, was a prototype of the Cross of the Tree of Christ, taking away the bitterness of life - sin.
When the Jews ran out of all the bread taken from Egypt, the Lord sent them bread from heaven - manna. It looked like small white grains, or small hail, and tasted like bread with honey. Name manna I received this bread because when the Jews saw it for the first time, they asked each other: man-gu(what is this?), Moses replied: “This is the bread that the Lord has given you to eat.” The Jews called this bread manna. Manna covered the land around the Jewish camp in the morning throughout their journey, every day except the Sabbath.
And when the Jews in the desert came to a place called Rephidim, where there was no water at all, they again began to grumble against Moses. At the command of God, Moses struck the rock with his rod, and water flowed out of it.
Manna in the desert and water, which flowed from the stone rock, saving the Israelites from death, prefigured the true for us food And drinking, that is Body And Blood of Christ which the Lord gives us in holy communion, saving us from eternal death.
In Rephidim, the Jews were attacked by the desert inhabitants, the Amalekites. Moses sent Joshua with an army against them, and he himself, with his brother Aaron and Hor, climbed the nearest mountain and began to pray, raising both hands to the sky (forming a cross).
Aaron noticed that when Moses held his hands up, the Jews defeated their enemies, and when he lowered them from fatigue, then the Amalekites defeated the Jews. Therefore, Aaron and Hur sat Moses on a stone, and held his hands outstretched. And the Jews defeated the Amalekites.
Moses, praying with his hands raised, prefigured the victorious cross of Christ, by the power of which Christian believers now defeat visible and invisible enemies.
In Rephidim, his father-in-law Jethro visited Moses and brought his wife and sons to him.
NOTE: See Bible: book. "Exodus": ch. 14-18.
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From the book Difficult Pages of the Bible. Old Testament author Galbiati EnricoCrossing the Red Sea (Exodus 14) 76. The crossing of the Israelites through the Red Sea is also repeatedly mentioned in the Bible as a great miracle performed by the Lord as a sign of favor to His people. So, there can be no doubt that this is a genuine miracle. But does it give
From the book The Illustrated Bible. Old Testament author's BiblePassing through the Red (Red) Sea And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 Tell the children of Israel that they should turn and camp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and between the sea, before Baal-zephon; set up camp opposite him by the sea. 3 And Pharaoh will speak about the sons
From the book The Wisdom of the Pentateuch of Moses author Mikhalitsyn Pavel EvgenievichThe passage through the Red Sea and the death of the Egyptian army The Lord God Himself became the guide of liberated Israel: “The Lord walked before them by day in a pillar of cloud, showing them the way, and by night in a pillar of fire, giving them light, that they might go day and night. The pillar of cloud never left
From book Explanatory Bible. Old Testament and New Testament author Lopukhin Alexander PavlovichXVII Exodus from Egypt. Crossing the Red Sea The starting point of the movement was Rameses, one of those “reserve cities” that were built by the hard labor of the Israelites. Sensing freedom, the people cheerfully set off on their way. He still had plenty of everything, he had no idea about