In what month was the prophet Muhammad born? Analysis of the poem “Prophet” (M
Muhammad is an Arab preacher of monotheism, the founder and central figure of the religion of Islam, the prophet of Muslims. According to Islamic belief, Allah sent down to Muhammad the holy scripture - the Koran.
The Messenger of Allah was born in Mecca on April 22, 571. The arrival of a special child to Muhammad's mother was announced by an angel who came in a dream. The birth of the prophet was accompanied by amazing events. The throne of the Persian king Kisra shook under the ruler as if struck by an earthquake. 14 balconies in the royal hall collapsed. The boy appeared circumcised. Those present at the birth saw that the newborn raised his head and leaned on his hands.
Muhammad belonged to the Quraysh tribe, considered elite by the Arabs. The family of the future preacher of the Koran belonged to the Hashemites, a clan named after Muhammad’s great-grandfather, Hashim, a rich Arab who was honored with feeding pilgrims. The father of the prophet Abdollah is the grandson of the powerful Hashim, but he did not acquire wealth like his grandfather. The small merchant barely earned enough to feed his family. The son who became greatest prophet, the father did not see - he died before the birth of Muhammad.
At the age of 6, the boy became an orphan - Amina, Muhammad's mother, died. The woman temporarily gave her son to be raised by the Bedouin Halima, who lived in the desert. The orphaned boy was taken in by his grandfather, but soon Muhammad ended up in his uncle’s house. Abu Talib was a kind but extremely poor man. The nephew had to get to work early and learn to earn a living. For pennies, little Muhammad herded goats and sheep that belonged to wealthy Meccans and picked berries in the desert.
At the age of 12, the teenager plunged into the atmosphere of spiritual quest for the first time: together with his uncle Muhammad, he visited Syria, where he met religious movements Judaism, Christianity, other beliefs. He worked as a camel driver, then became a merchant, but questions of faith did not leave the guy. When Muhammad turned 20, he was hired as a clerk in the house of a widowed woman, Khadija. The young man, carrying out the instructions of his mistress, traveled around the country and was interested in the local customs and beliefs of the tribes.
Khadija, being 15 years older than Muhammad, invited the 25-year-old boy to marry her, which the woman’s father did not like, but she persisted. The young clerk got married, the marriage turned out to be happy, he loved and respected Khadija. Marriage brought prosperity to Muhammad. He devoted his free time to the main thing he was drawn to from a young age - spiritual quests. Thus began the biography of the prophet and preacher.
Preaching
The biography of the main Muslim prophet says that Muhammad moved away from the world and vanity, plunging into contemplation and thought. He loved to retire to desert gorges. In 610, when Muhammad was in a cave on Mount Hira, the Archangel Gabriel (Jibril) appeared to him. He called the young man the messenger of Allah and ordered him to remember the first revelations (verses of the Koran).
History says that the circle of adherents of Muhammad, who preached after meeting with Gabriel, was constantly growing. The preacher called his fellow tribesmen to a righteous life, urged them to observe the commandments of Allah and prepare for the coming divine judgment. Prophet Muhammad said that Almighty God (Allah) created man, and with him everything living and inanimate on earth.
The Messenger of Allah named Musa (Moses), Yusuf (Joseph), Zakaria (Zachariah), Isa () as predecessors. But special place in Muhammad's sermons it was given to Ibrahim (Abraham). He called him the forefather of Arabs and Jews and the first to preach monotheism. Muhammad saw his mission in restoring the faith of Ibrahim.
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The aristocrats of Mecca saw Muhammad's preaching as a threat to power and conspired against him. Companions persuaded the prophet to leave the dangerous region and move to Medina for a while. He did just that. Hundreds of companions followed the preacher to Medina (Yathrib) in 622, forming the first Muslim community.
The community grew stronger and, as punishment to the Meccans for expelling the preacher and his associates, attacked caravans leaving Mecca. Proceeds from the robbery were directed to the needs of the community.
In 630, the previously persecuted prophet Muhammad returned to Mecca, triumphantly entering the holy city 8 years after his exile. Merchant Mecca greeted the prophet with crowds of admirers from all over Arabia. Mohammed's procession through the streets was majestic. The Prophet, dressed in simple clothes and a black turban, sitting on a camel, was accompanied by tens of thousands of pilgrims.
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The saint entered Mecca as a pilgrim, not a triumphant. He walked around the holy places, performed rituals and made sacrifices. The Prophet Muhammad traveled around the Kaaba 7 times and touched the sacred Black Stone the same number of times. At the Kaaba, the preacher declared that “there is no God but Allah alone” and ordered the destruction of 360 idols that stood in the temple.
The surrounding tribes did not immediately accept Islam. After bloody wars and thousands human casualties they recognized the prophet Muhammad and accepted the Koran. Soon Mohammed became the ruler of Arabia and created a powerful Arab state. When Muhammad's proteges and military leaders appeared in Mecca, he returned to Medina, visiting the grave of Amina's mother. But the prophet’s joy at the triumph of Islam was darkened by the news of the death of his only son Ibrahim, on whom his father had pinned his hopes.
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The sudden death of his son undermined the preacher’s health. He, sensing the approach of death, again moved to Mecca to pray for the last time at the Kaaba. Hearing about the prophet's intentions and wanting to pray with him, 10 thousand pilgrims gathered in Mecca. Prophet Muhammad rode around the Kaaba on a camel and sacrificed animals. The pilgrims listened to the words of Muhammad with heavy hearts, realizing that they were listening to him for the last time.
In Islam, for believers the name is endowed sacred meaning. Muhammad is translated as “praiseworthy”, “praised”. In the Qur'an, the name of the prophet is repeated four times, in other cases Muhammad is called Nabi ("prophet"), Rasul ("messenger"), Abd ("slave of God"), Shahid ("witness") and several other names. Full name The Prophet Muhammad is long: it includes the names of all his ancestors in the male line, starting with Adam. Believers call the preacher Abul-Qasim.
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The Day of the Prophet Muhammad - Mawlid al-Nabi - is celebrated on the 12th day of the third Islamic month lunar calendar Rabi al-awwal. Muhammad's birthday is the third most revered date for Muslims. The first and second places are occupied by the holidays of Eid al-Adha and Kurban Bayram. During his lifetime, the prophet celebrated only them.
Descendants celebrate Prophet Muhammad's Day with prayers, good deeds, stories about the miracles of the saint. The birthday of the prophet became a holiday 300 years after the advent of Islam. The life story of Muhammad (Mahomet, Magomed, Mohammed) is glorified in the book of the Azerbaijani writer Huseyn Javid. The drama is called "The Prophet".
More than a dozen films have been made about the central figure of Islam. In the mid-1970s, the American-Arab film “The Message (Muhammad is the Messenger of God)” by Mustafa Akkad was released. In 2008, viewers saw the 30-episode series “The Moon of the Hashim Family,” produced by film studios in Jordan, Syria, Sudan and Lebanon. The film “Muhammad - the Messenger of the Almighty” was made about the life and character of the saint, directed by Majid Majidi, which premiered in 2015.
Personal life
Khadija surrounded her young husband with maternal care. Muhammad, freed from troubles and trade affairs, devoted his time to religion. The union with Khadija turned out to be generous with children, but the sons died. After the death of his beloved wife, Muhammad married several times, but sources name the number of the prophet’s wives differently. Some indicate 15, others - 23, of which Muhammad had physical relations with 13.
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British Arabist and professor at the University of Edinburgh William Montgomery Watt, in his works on the history of Islam, reveals the reason for the different number of wives of the prophet: tribes, claiming family ties with the saint, ascribed wives of their fellow tribesmen to Muhammad. The Prophet Muhammad entered into marriages before the Koranic prohibition allowing marriage four times.
Researchers agree that the prophet had 13 wives. Topping the list is Khadija bint Khuwaylid, who married Muhammad against her parents' wishes. Historians claim that none of the prophet’s subsequent wives took the place in his heart that went to Khadija.
Of the 12 wives who appeared after the first, Aisha bint Abu Bakr is called the beloved. This is the third wife of the Prophet Muhammad. Aisha is the daughter of the Caliph and is called the greatest of the seven Islamic scholars of her time.
All the children of the prophet, except for the son Ibrahim, were born by Khadija. She gave her husband seven offspring, but the boys died in infancy. Muhammad's daughters lived to see the beginning of their father's prophetic mission, converted to Islam and moved from Mecca to Medina. All except Fatima died before their father. Fatima's daughter died six months after the death of her great father.
Death
The health of the Prophet Muhammad deteriorated after the farewell hajj to Medina. The Messenger of Allah, having gathered his remaining strength, visited the graves of the martyrs and performed the funeral prayer. Returning to Medina, the prophet last day retained a clear mind and memory. He said goodbye to his family and followers, asked for forgiveness, distributed his savings to the poor and freed the slaves. The fever intensified, and on the night of June 8, 632, the Prophet Muhammad died.
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The wives were not allowed to wash the body; male relatives washed the deceased. They buried the Messenger of Allah in the clothes in which he died. For three days, believers said goodbye to the Prophet Muhammad. The grave was dug in the place where he died - in the house of his wife Aisha. Later, a mosque was erected over the ashes, which became a shrine of the Muslim world.
A pilgrimage to Medina, where Muhammad is buried, is considered a charitable deed. Believers travel to Medina along with the pilgrimage to Mecca. The mosque in Medina is smaller in size than the mosque in Mecca, but is striking in beauty. It is built of pink granite and decorated with gold, embossing and mosaics. In the center of the mosque there is an adobe hut where the Prophet Muhammad slept and the tomb of the saint.
Quotes
- “Leave the doubt that fills you and turn to what does not cause you doubt, because the truth is calm, and a lie is doubt.”
- “Let your tongue constantly delight in the remembrance of Allah.”
- “The most beloved of good deeds before God is that which is constant, even if it is insignificant.”
- "Religion is lightness."
- “As you are, such are those who rule over you.”
- “Those who show excessive scrupulousness and excessive severity will perish.”
- “Woe to you! Stay close to your mother’s feet, Heaven is there!”
- "Paradise lies in the shadow of your swords."
- “My Allah, I resort to You from useless knowledge...”
- "A man with the one he loves."
- “A believer will not be stung twice from the same hole.”
- The words “If the mountain does not come to Mohammed, then Mohammed goes to the mountain” have no relation to the activities of the Prophet Muhammad. The expression is based on the story of Khoja Nasreddin. The British scientist and philosopher in his book “Moral and Political Essays” replaced Khoja with Muhammad, presenting his own version of the story about Khoja.
- The London magazine Time Out called the Prophet Muhammad the first environmentalist.
- Kefir grain was previously called "Prophet's Millet". According to legend, under this name, Muhammad conveyed the secret of its cultivation to the inhabitants of the Caucasus.
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- Muhammad allegedly suffered from epilepsy with convulsive attacks and twilight stupefaction. The Koran reports that the unbelievers called the prophet possessed. But the Koran also says that “Muhammad, by the grace of God, is a prophet and is not possessed.”
- The footprint of the Prophet Muhammad, imprinted in stone, is kept in Türbe - a mausoleum in Eyup (Istanbul).
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- Muslim theologians consider the Koran to be the main miracle of Muhammad. Although the authorship of the Qur'an in non-Muslim sources may be attributed to Muhammad himself, devoted hadiths say that his speech was not similar to the Qur'an.
- The outstanding artistic merits of the Koran are recognized by all experts in Arabic literature. According to Bernhard Weiss, humanity throughout its medieval, modern and recent history It was not possible to write anything like the Koran.
- There is a story about bread in the Qur'an, similar to the story of Jesus feeding five thousand people with five loaves of bread and two fish.
14. SABER ZULFIQARI (SWORD OF ZULFAQAR) AND SWORD EXCALIBUR OF KING ARTHUR.
In Muslim sources, considerable attention is paid to the famous Zulfaqar sword or, as it is sometimes called, the Zulfikari saber. This sword was owned by Ali, an ally of Mohammed. It turns out that the story about the sword Zulfaqar is also a reflection of the gospel stories associated with Christ. However, it is difficult to directly discern this correspondence. Outwardly, at first glance, there seems to be “nothing Christian” in the history of the Muslim sword Zulfaqar. But here our previous results on the New Chronology unexpectedly and very significantly help. In the book “Christ was born in Crimea. The Mother of God died there” we showed that ancient stories about the famous sword of King Arthur (the sword Excalibur) have an extensive gospel basis, and in a slightly distorted form they convey to us the story of the baptism of Christ by John the Baptist, as well as the history Apostle Peter, who denied Jesus three times on the eve of the crucifixion. We will not repeat here this “Arthurian” correspondence that we discovered, referring the reader to the indicated book. At the same time, King Arthur himself is partly a phantom reflection of Emperor Andronicus-Christ (Andrei Bogolyubsky).
So, it turns out that the Muslim history of the Zulfaqar sword is very close to Christian history King Arthur's sword. Consequently, relying on the parallelism we discovered earlier (Arthur - Christ), we again come across traces of the Gospels in the stories about Mohammed and his closest associates.
This is what is reported about the Zulfaqar sword.<<Мухаммед имел единственную сестру, которую звали Фатима. И ее он отдал в жены Али, своему помощнику, тогда, когда он расширял свою веру... Этого-то Али поганые считают за пророка, как и Мухаммеда, рассказывая, каким сильным и крепким он был мужем. И он... имел саблю, которую назвал Зульфикари, дивной остроты и такой твердости, что на что бы Али ее ни обрушил, будь то железо или сталь, все перед ней было как паутина. А другие рассказывают, что его жена Фатима была великая чародейка, и она-то своим волшебством и придавала такую остроту этой сабле...
After the death of Muhammad, Ali with great sorrow went to the Gormendzi rock, planning to break his saber in righteous anguish, and hit the rock with it so that it completely disappeared into the rock. Having seen such a miracle, which he did not know about his saber before, he said to her: “Zulfikari, come back so that this is not disgusting to God.” And after the death of Muhammad, he still lived for nine years. In the last year, lying on his deathbed... when he saw that his time had come, he ordered to take his saber and throw it into the depths of the sea. And the filthy ones say that when his saber was thrown, for three days in this place the sea seethed and swirled out of pity for Ali. And that’s why the filthy ones keep small books with them... and Zulfikari’s saber is drawn on them; they say that she helps them a lot>>, p.36-37.
The main plots associated with the sword of King Arthur are actually listed here.
# The sword of Zulfiqar, like the sword of Arthur, had the miraculous property of defeating all enemies. In both cases it was associated with sorcery or witchcraft.
# Arthur's sword was first under a certain wonderful steel anvil on a large stone near the temple. That is, it was, as it were, walled up in stone. There were golden writings on the sword. The one who pulls out this sword will become king of all England, pp. 17-18. Arthur drew the sword and became the English king.
And the sword Zulfaqar also turned out to be immersed in the rock, from which it was soon removed.
# Finally, when King Arthur was dying, he ordered his sword to be thrown into the lake. And his comrade-in-arms “threw the sword into the water as far as he could. At the same moment a hand rose from the waves, caught the sword, squeezed it with his fingers, shook it three times and waved it and disappeared with the sword under the water,” p.753.
# Almost the same thing is said about the dying order of the Muslim Ali. His sword Zulfakar (Zulfikar) was thrown into the sea, and it seethed in this place for three days. Both versions emphasize a threefold event.
Further, according to our results, the sword Zulfiqar (Excalibur) symbolized the Christian cross, or rather the crucifixion. That is, the cross on which Christ was crucified. No wonder the sword Zulfiqar later appeared on the Ottoman and Turkish banners of the Janissaries in the form christian cross. See Chapter 4 of this book for details.
In memory of the sword Zulfiqar of the Prophet Mohammed, they then began to make “similar swords”, giving them the same name. It is noted that the sword (or saber) Zulfiqar “represents one of the main symbols of Islam... In the hands of Muhammad, the blade acquired unheard-of power... Most likely, it could have been a two-bladed weapon... It began to be depicted as a saber with a forked ( approximately from the middle) with a blade", p. 123.
15. DESCRIPTION OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH IN THE GOSPEL.
As the title of this section, we took the title of the paragraph in the book of Ibn Hisham, p.89. Think about this name! This alone (not to mention the further content of the section) categorically contradicts the Scaligerian version of history. Indeed. How can a description of the Prophet Mohammed, who supposedly lived in the 7th century, appear in the Gospel text dating back to the 1st century? For Scaligerian historians this is absolutely impossible. Therefore, such evidence was preserved only on the pages of Muslim sources, which were edited by other people, who sometimes did not pay attention to the “dangerous” facts that had become unacceptable in the European “reformed history.”
And now let us turn to the actual description of the Prophet Mohammed in the Gospels. More precisely, in that old version of the Gospel of John, which was once at the disposal of Muslim authors. After all, in the modern Gospels there is no trace of anything like this. Cleaned out. So we quote the Islamic testimony.
Ibn Ishaq said:<<До меня дошло, что в Евангелии, которое пришло от Бога к Исе сыну Марьям, содержалось описание Посланника Аллаха. Это - в Евангелии от Иоанна, которое было переписано для христиан. В Евангелии о завете Исы сына Марьям к христианам относительно Посланника Аллаха говорится: "Кто меня возненавидит, тот возненавидит Господа. Если бы я не сотворил чудеса в их присутствии, которые не сотворил никто до меня, не было бы у них греха. Однако с этого времени они стали неблагодарны и возомнили, что победят меня, а также Господа. Но должно быть завершено Слово, которое принес архангел Гавриил. Они возненавидели меня зря, то есть ошибочно. Вот когда придет аль-Мунхаманна (примечание редакции: Аль-Мунхаманна на ассирийском языке - Мухаммад, на греческом языке это - аль-Барклитис - Авт.), тот, которого пошлет Аллах к вам от Господа, Святого Духа, тот, который выйдет от Господа, вот он будет свидетелем за меня, и вы тоже! Потому что вы с давних пор вместе со мной были в этом. Я сказал вам для того, чтобы вы не жаловались">>, p.89-90.
Let us repeat that in the modern version of the Gospel of John there is nothing like this. But before, as we see, it was. In the new chronology, no contradiction between Muslim and Christian testimonies arises here. The fact is that both of them were created (more or less simultaneously) in the era of the XIV-XVI centuries. Therefore, the ancient Gospels mentioned the Prophet Mohammed, and the Koran mentioned Jesus Christ. After the introduction of the Scaligerian chronology, the mentions of Mohammed in the Gospels were carefully cleaned out. But the mentions of Christ in the Koran remained.
Let us now compare the age of the Prophet Mohammed with the age of Christ. Today, historians believe that Mohammed died when he was 61 years old (571-632), "Mohammed". However, ancient sources provide different information. Andrei Lyzlov writes: “The accursed and damned charmer died in the summer of 6138, having outlived his life sixty eight years, and others say thirty-four,” p.163. Janissary Constantine says that Mohammed died when he was 45 years old, p.37.
Thus, the main versions of the Prophet's age are divided into two groups: 34 years or 45, 61, 68 years.
Interestingly, a similar picture is observed in the assessment of the age of Christ. The most common version is 33 years old. In addition, the Gospels indicate that various writers have estimated Christ's age at either 33 or around 50 years: "Thou art not yet fifty years old" (John 8:57). Further, Grand Duke Andrei Bogolyubsky lived to adulthood and died at the age of 63 or 65, see our book “Tsar of the Slavs.” Finally, it is believed that the Tsar City Emperor Andronicus died at the age of 72 (1113-1185), article “Andronicus, Byzantine Emperor.”
Comparing with the data about the Prophet Mohammed, we obtain the following correspondence between the indicated versions:
33 or 34 years old and then:
45, about 50, 61, 63, 65, 68, 72 years old.
The data from the first version is very close: 33 years for Christ and 34 years for Mohammed. The second version is more blurred, although the numbers 61, 63, 65, 68, 72 are grouped quite closely. Finally, the other two opinions, namely 45 years or about 50, are also close.
16. ADDITIONAL COMPLIANCES.
Here are some more correspondences between the lives of the Prophet Mohammed and Jesus Christ. They were pointed out by N.A. Morozov while studying Muslim primary sources.
# Let us recall that, according to the Gospels, Christ once withdrew for many days into the desert. Morozov discovered a similar story about Mohammed:<<"На сороковом году жизни, - говорит уже упомянутый нами арабский писатель Абул-Феда, - в месяце Рамадане, Достославный (Магомет - Авт.) удалился (как Христос, - добавляет Морозов) В ПУСТЫНЮ, в пещеру горы Хиры; здесь в ночь Аль-кадр к нему явился ангел Гавриил"...
He (Mohammed - Author) spent many nights in the cave of Mount Hira, - Arabic legends tell us, - sometimes three nights, sometimes nine, and sometimes a WHOLE MONTH...
The thirst for preaching became so irresistible in him that he, not yet having confidence in his completed initiation as a prophet, was about to throw himself from a high cliff, but in the air he was supported by the invisible hand of a guardian angel...
Let us remember that Satan offered to do the same to the Evangelical Christ, promising that angels would support him in the air, but Christ wisely refused such an experience>>, vol. 6, pp. 205-207.
# Further Morozov points out another parallel. “On the northern side of the city, according to the faithful, similar to the Gospel legend about Christ, the prophet (Mohammed - Author) fed thousands of people with a handful of plums, and on the eastern side, according to his word, excellent food was obtained from one lamb and one barley bread. Even rocky soil crumbled to dust thanks to just a few drops of water sprinkled by the hand of the Islamite Moses,” vol. 6, p. 249.
# The Gospel idea of the Immaculate Conception was also reflected in a vague form in the story of Safiya, one of the wives of the Prophet Mohammed. Morozov reports: “We must point to Safiya (probably Sophia - Author), the wife of Kennan (Khan? - Author), who, however, even during the siege of her city (by Muslims - Author) had a dream as if the Sun had descended from the sky and hid in her womb. After the defeat of Kheibar, Safia’s husband, the first rich man of his tribe, was executed, and the beautiful wife went to the winner and even became one of his favorite wives,” vol. 6, p. 262.
So, the Mohammedan version confused the prophet's MOTHER with his WIFE. As a result, it turned out that the Immaculate Conception was given not to the mother, the Virgin Mary, but to the wife, Safia. By the way, the name Sophia (Safiya) means wise.
In addition, in the book “Christ was born in Crimea...” we showed that the gospel story Immaculate Conception and the birth of Jesus was reflected in the Western European epic about King Arthur as a story about the Duke of Tintagil and his beautiful wife Igraine. So, the “English” story about Igraine and the death of the Duke, her husband, is very close to the Muslim story about the execution of Safia’s husband. In both versions, the wife of the deceased ruler went to the winner. According to the Islamic version - the Prophet Mohammed, and according to English sources - the king, the ruler of the duke. We will not repeat the details here, but will only say that by bringing here the parallelism between Arthur and Christ that we had previously discovered, we strengthen the found correspondence between the lives of the Prophet Mohammed and Christ.
17. WHERE WAS THE TOMB OF MAHOMET?
Above we have given three versions about the burial place of the Prophet. The first says that Mohammed was not buried on the ground at all. That is, there is no tomb - in the usual sense - but a wonderful coffin hangs somewhere in the air, between heaven and earth, supported either by angels or by magnetic force. According to another version, the Prophet’s tomb was built in Mecca. Finally, according to the third - in Medina, in the mosque. This point of view is considered the main one today. However, Ibn Hisham reports:<<Когда подготовительные работы к погребению Пророка были закончены, его положили на свою кровать в его комнате (якобы в Медине - Авт.). Мусульмане разошлись во мнениях по поводу его погребения. Один из них предложил похоронить Пророка в его же мечети, а другой - вместе со сподвижниками Пророка. Абу Бакр сказал: "Я слышал, как Посланник Аллаха говорил: Все пророки были похоронены там, где они умерли". Он поднял постель Посланника Аллаха, на которой он умер, и выкопали могилу на этом месте>>, p.643.
This is what Jean Gagne (Professor of Oriental Languages at Oxford) wrote in 1732. We quote him, following here N.A. Morozov.<<Что касается расположения могилы пророка и могил первых двух его преемников-калифов, которые вслед за ним были тоже погребены в доме Айши, то мнения тут расходятся. Наиболее распространенная молва говорит, что могила апостола божия - передняя из трех со стороны Кыблы, т.е. к югу, где находится Мекка по отношению к Медине. Рядом с ним... находится могила Абу-Бекра... Рядом же с Абу-Бекром... находится могила Омара (далее приводится схема расположения могил, рис.1.29 - Авт.)...
But this popular rumor is contradicted by a reliable legend emanating from Mohammed, the son of Abu Bakr (another diagram of the location of the graves is given, Fig. 1.30 - Author)...
This arrangement of the three graves, says Jean Gagné in 1732, is apparently the most plausible... (It - Author) is also completely consistent with the historical incident that happened in 94 Gejra. When Omar, the son of Abdul-Agiz, the governor of Medina, by order of Caliph Al-Walid, ordered the reconstruction of the crumbling mosque of the prophet, the workers digging the ground for a new foundation came across leg bones in one grave and most of those present attributed these bones to the apostle of God. There was no one who could give precise instructions, but then an old man named Arwa came and said: “I swear to God, these are not the feet of the prophet, but the feet of Omar, this place in the corner of the fence is too narrow for the body to be placed there from the very beginning.” the prophet in its entire length">> Quoted. on , vol. 6, pp. 283-285.
Thus, there is no consensus regarding the grave of Mohammed. A strange impression is also produced by references to the opinion of a certain old man Arva, who turned out to be the main authority in identifying the scattered (and incomplete) remains discovered in the excavation.
It is believed that in the 16th century, the mausoleum of the Prophet Mohammed was built in the Medina Mosque, into which no one is allowed.
Morozov summarizes the descriptions of European eyewitnesses of the 19th - early 20th centuries as follows:<<Часть мединской мечети составляет святилище, тут будто бы покоится прах Магомета... Она обнесена железной решеткой, зеленого цвета называемой Ель-Хеджр, и составляющей неправильный четырехугольник...
However, nothing can be seen through the bars! The pilgrims look inside through the windows, which are 5 feet from the floor, and walk away sad. You have to be a very rich man to get permission to go inside, but you won't see much there either. The place where the so-called tomb of Mohammed is now supposed to be is covered with a curtain of silk fabric with silver flowers, arabesques and a gold inscription around it. It covers a quadrangular stone structure supported by two pillars, where no one is allowed anymore. Here, the public is told, is the coffin of Mohammed, which, according to some, is shaped like a hearse with a marble slab on top, decorated with gold.
“This place,” says Burton, “is marked by large pearl rosaries and one special decoration, called the “Constellation of Pearls,” which is attached to the curtain...
Here, they tell us, lie the bodies of Abu Bakr and Omar...
In the Medina Mosque there is the coffin of Fatima, the daughter of Mohammed, covered with rich black brocade without decorations, although they say that she is buried not here, but in the Medina cemetery. Here they also indicate a small window in the wall of the mosque, through which the angel Gabriel came to Mohammed several times. Here, near his tomb, a place is left for the future burial of Jesus Christ, when he comes to earth again before the general resurrection and dies>>, vol. 6, pp. 535-537.
1. Herald and interpreter of the will of God, gods (according to the views of various religions). // transfer One who has unquestionable authority over something. 2. Future predictor.
View value Prophet M. in other dictionaries
Prophet- etc. see prophesy.
Dictionary Dahl
Prophet- -A; m.
1. According to the views of various religions: a herald and interpreter of the will of God. Old Testament prophets. // In Christianity: the Old Testament saint who predicted the coming........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary
Prophet— This word, borrowed from the Old Church Slavonic language, is a calque from the Greek prophetes and consists of the prefix pro meaning “in advance, before” and rock – “the one who utters”.........
Krylov's etymological dictionary
Daniel, Prophet- (sc. 600 BC), under King Belshazzar, predicted the fall of the Babylonian kingdom. Under the Persian king Darius, due to the slander of his enemies, Daniel was thrown into a den with hungry lions, but........
Historical Dictionary
Elisha the Prophet- disciple and successor of the prophet. Elijah (IX century BC), son of a certain Saphat from the tribe of Reuben. Elijah, the greatest of the prophets, called Elisha to serve while he was plowing with oxen in the field.........
Historical Dictionary
Jeremiah, Prophet- (VI century BC), one of the four great Old Testament prophets, son of the priest. Hilkiah from Anathoth, a town near Jerusalem. From his youth, Jeremiah was called by the Lord to be a prophet........
Historical Dictionary
Elijah the Prophet- (IX century BC), prophet taken alive to heaven. Elijah lived during the reign of Ahab, when the Jews worshiped pagan god To Baal. For this, the Lord sent a drought on them for........
Historical Dictionary
John the Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord- martyr. The righteous parents of John the Baptist, the priest Zechariah and Elizabeth, lived in Hebron. They reached old age, but never had children. One day, when Zechariah was doing........
Historical Dictionary
Isaiah, Prophet- (VIII century BC). “Behold, the Virgin will be with child and give birth to a Son, and they will call His name Immanuel” - with these words the prophet Isaiah testifies about the coming of the Messiah - the Lord Jesus Christ.........
Historical Dictionary
Hosea the Prophet- one of the 12 minor prophets (sc. 820 BC), he came from the tribe of Issachar, lived in the 9th century. BC in the kingdom of Israel and was a contemporary of Sts. prophet Isaiah, Micah and Amos. In that........
Historical Dictionary
Prophet- the herald of God's will. The Greek word “prothetes”, like the Hebrew “nabi”, mean one thing: a messenger, an orator, therefore a prophet is not a predictor of the future, but a servant and mouth of God......
Historical Dictionary
Prophet— -English prophet; German Weissager/Prophet. 1. A soothsayer who speaks on behalf of God and predicts the future, inspired by the deity. 2. Charismatic leader.
Sociological Dictionary
Pre-prophetic period
Birth
The Prophet Muhammad was born, according to some scientists, on April 20 (22), 571 in the year of the elephant, before dawn, on Monday. Also, many sources indicate the year 570. According to some legends, this happened on the 9th day of the month Rabi al-Awwal in the year of the Elephant, in the year of Abraha’s unsuccessful campaign against Mecca, or in the 40th year of the reign of the Persian Shah Anushirvan.
Childhood
Muhammad was handed over according to custom to the nurse Halima bint Abi Zu'ayb, and lived for several years with her family in the nomadic Bedouin tribe Banu S'ad. At the age of 4 he was returned back to his family. At the age of 6, Muhammad lost his mother. He went with her to Medina to visit his father’s grave, she was accompanied by her guardian Abd al-Muttalib and her maid Umm Ayman. On the way back, Amina fell ill and died. Muhammad was taken in by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, but two years later he also died. After Abd al-Muttalib's death, Muhammad was taken in by his paternal uncle Abu Talib, who was very poor. At the age of 12, Muhammad tended the sheep of Abu Talib, then began to participate in the trading affairs of his uncle.
Some legends associated with the birth, childhood and youth of Muhammad are of a religious nature and ideologically have no historical value for a secular scientist. However, these legends for Muslim biographers of Muhammad, in particular the first centuries of Islam, many of whom themselves collected material and checked it for accuracy, whose colossal works constitute the main historical source for today's Orientalists, are no less important and reliable (if this reliability is proven ), as well as others generally accepted by non-Muslim scholars.
In childhood, an incident happened to Muhammad when a Nestorian monk named Bakhira predicted a great destiny for him. Abu Talib went with a caravan to Syria, and Muhammad, who was then still a boy, became attached to him. The caravan stopped in Busra, where the monk Bakhira, who was a Christian scientist, lived in a cell. Previously, when they passed by him, he did not speak to them or appear at all. It is said that the monk first saw Muhammad, above whom there was a cloud, covering him with its shadow and distinguishing him from the rest. Then he saw that the shadow of a cloud had fallen on a tree, and the branches of this tree were bending over Muhammad. After this, Bahira extended hospitality to the Quraish, surprising them with this. When he looked at Muhammad, he tried to see features and signs that would tell him that he really was a future prophet. He asked Muhammad about his dreams, appearance, deeds, and all this coincided with what Bahir knew from the description of the prophet. He also saw the seal of the prophecy between the shoulders in exactly the place where, according to his information, it should have been. Then the monk told Abu Talib that he should protect Muhammad from the Jews, since if they found out about what he himself learned about, they would act hostilely.
Marriage to Khadija
She was married twice before Muhammad. Muhammad felt strong love for her both during life, there and after her death, as many hadiths say, when he slaughtered a sheep, he sent part of the meat to her friends. In addition, he said that the best woman of Isa’s mission was Maryam (Mary daughter of Imran, mother of Jesus), and the best woman his mission was Khadija. Aisha said that she was jealous of Muhammad only for Khadija, although she was not alive, and one day, when she exclaimed “Khadijah again?”, Muhammad was dissatisfied and said that the Almighty had endowed him with strong love for her. .
Major life events
In this period, according to Arab sources, the following can be distinguished:
Meccan period of prophetic mission
Secret Sermon
Main article: The beginning of the prophetic mission of Muhammad
Cave on Mount Hira
When Muhammad turned forty years old, his religious activity began (in Islam, the prophetic mission, the messenger mission).
At first, Muhammad developed a need for asceticism; he began to retire to a cave on Mount Hira, where he worshiped Allah. He also began to see prophetic dreams. In one of these nights of solitude, the angel Gabriel, sent by Allah, appeared to him with the first verses of the Koran. During the first three years, he preached in secret. People began to gradually join Islam, at first it was Muhammad’s wife Khadija and eight other people, including the future caliphs Ali and Usman.
Open Sermon
Since 613, the inhabitants of Mecca began to accept Islam in groups, both men and women, and the Prophet Muhammad began to openly call for Islam. The Koran says this about it: “Proclaim what you are commanded, and turn away from the polytheists.”
The Quraish began to act hostilely against Muhammad, who openly criticized their religious views, and against Muslim converts. Muslims could be insulted, pelted with stones and mud, beaten, subjected to hunger, thirst, heat, and threatened with death. All this prompted Muhammad to decide on the first resettlement of Muslims.
Location of Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
The Hijra to Ethiopia is the first hijra (migration) in Islamic history, dating back to 615. Muhammad himself did not participate in it, remaining in Mecca and calling for Islam. The Negus guaranteed the safety of the Muslim religion.
Death of Abu Talib and Khadija
These two events happened in the same year (619). The death of Abu Talib occurred three years before the migration (hijra) to Medina. Since Abu Talib defended Muhammad, the pressure of the Quraysh increased with his death. In the month of Ramadan of the same year, two or three months after the death of Abu Talib (it is also indicated that 35 days had passed), Muhammad’s first wife (all of Muhammad’s wives had the status of “mother of the faithful”) Khadija also died. Muhammad called this year “the year of sorrow” "
Relocation to at-Taif
Main article: Relocation of Muhammad to At-Taif
In the foreground is the road to at-Taif, in the background are the mountains of at-Taif (Saudi Arabia).
Due to the fact that after the death of Abu Talib, the oppression and pressure towards Muhammad and other Muslims from the Quraysh increased noticeably, Muhammad decided to seek support in at-Taif, located 50 miles southeast of Mecca among the Thaqif tribe. This happened in 619. He wanted them to accept Islam. However, in At-Taif he was rudely rejected.
Night Journey to Jerusalem
Al-Aqsa Mosque
Muhammad's night journey is a transfer from the Al-Haram Mosque to the Al-Aqsa Mosque - the sacred house (Jerusalem) from Elijah. It is considered one of the most significant and deeply symbolic events in the life of Muhammad. By that time, Islam was already widespread among the Quraish and other tribes. According to hadiths, Muhammad was carried on a supreme animal to the al-Aqsa mosque, where a group of prophets was located, including Isa, Musa, Ibrahim. He prayed with them. Then Muhammad was ascended to heaven, where he saw the signs of Allah. In the Islamic tradition, it is customary to date this event to Rajab 27, 621. The Koran says about Muhammad’s night journey in the sura “Traveled by Night.”
Medina period of prophetic mission
Relocation to Medina
Due to the danger of Muhammad and other Muslims being in Mecca, they were forced to move to Yathrib, which after that became known as Medina. By this time, Islam had already been converted to Yathrib and the whole city and army were under the control of Muhammad. This event is considered the beginning of the Muslim state, Muslims received the independence they needed, the year of the Hijri became the first year
"Prophet" Mikhail Lermontov
Since the eternal judge
He gave me the omniscience of a prophet,
I read in people's eyes
Pages of malice and vice.I began to proclaim love
And the truth is pure teachings:
All my neighbors are in me
They threw stones wildly.I sprinkled ashes on my head,
I fled the cities as a beggar,
And here I live in the desert,
Like birds, God's gift of food;Keeping the eternal covenant,
The earthly creature is submissive to me;
And the stars listen to me
Joyfully playing with rays.When through the noisy hail
I'm making my way in a hurry
That's what the elders tell their children
With a proud smile:“Look: here is an example for you!
He was proud and did not get along with us:
Fool, he wanted to assure us,
What God says through his lips!Look, children, at him:
How gloomy and thin and pale he is!
Look how naked and poor he is,
How everyone despises him!
Analysis of Lermontov's poem "The Prophet"
The date of creation of one of Lermontov’s last works coincides with the year of his death - 1841. In “The Prophet” the author continues the theme of the purpose of the creative gift set by Pushkin. The allusions to the master’s lines are obvious: a similar title, an abundance of Church Slavonic vocabulary, recognizable Christian motifs and images.
The initial intertextual connection with Pushkin's creation relieves Lermontov's lyrical character from the obligation to explain his past in detail: he experienced a similar transformation. Along with his extraordinary gift, the soothsayer also acquired a higher goal - to bring the word of divine truth to society. The relationship between the poet-seer and society becomes the theme of the passionate monologue of Lermontov's hero.
The noble missionary did not stir people's hearts. Having shown his unique gift to the world, the hero was faced with envy, “malice” and “vice”. The public not only remained deaf to speeches about “love and truth,” but showed “rabid” aggression in response to calls. Both unfamiliar listeners and “all our neighbors” turned away from the character. The situation of misunderstanding and rejection developed quite rapidly: two initial quatrains of a poetic text were enough to model it.
The theme of prophecy through suffering, depicted by Lermontov, has a specific Old Testament source, the book of the prophet Jeremiah. The Jewish predictor spent half a century calling his people to repentance and correction, and went through numerous trials: he was thrown into prison and threatened with death. The deafness of society resulted in dire consequences - the destruction of Jerusalem and the loss of freedom. Under the weight of trials and human misunderstanding, Jeremiah once dared to doubt God and give up his business. However, he overcame temporary weakness and walked the sorrowful path of the soothsayer to the end.
Lermontov's character lacks the stock of patience and perseverance inherent in the Old Testament image. Having lost hope of establishing relations with society, the prophet chooses the path of hermitage, becoming a “beggar”, living like the birds of the air. Leaving the city into the desert, he moves in a vector directly opposite to Pushkin’s “colleague,” who was heading from the place of transformation to the people.
Before fleeing, the prophet acts as ancient Jew: sprinkles ashes on his head. The custom, which is intended to remind a mortal of his sinful nature, was used in practice as a sign of grief, an irreparable loss. Having lost faith in human reason, the hero is completely separated from society. Famous ritual - visible sign renunciation of society.
It turned out that even in the desert one can carry out a high mission. The “creature of the earth” and the stars become the grateful listeners of the beggar prophet. Significant details - the submission of animals and the joyful play of rays of light - serve as gratifying evidence of understanding between the seer and nature. The latter turns out to be closer to the divine principle than human society.
There is no hope that society will find the strength to improve in the future. The content of the three final quatrains is dedicated to this idea. The words of proud old men addressed to little listeners are full of insulting assessments of the seer. He is accused of pride, quarrelsomeness, and stupidity. The portrait of the hero uses uniform short adjectives with connotations of poverty and failure. The anaphors “look” and “how” enhance the negative emotional charge of direct speech.
Having rejected God's messenger, society doomed itself to a hopeless future, which is “either empty or dark.”
Continuing classic theme, the poet solves it in a romantic way, concentrating on the confrontation of a lonely hero with the hostile world of people.