What month is it today? June, what is the number, and what month is June in the calendar (in the year)
In calling the months, European powers showed surprising solidarity. You can verify this by comparing the names adopted in different countries. For example:
Language Month |
English |
German |
French |
Spanish |
Italian |
January |
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February |
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March |
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April |
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May |
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June |
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July |
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August |
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September |
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October |
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November |
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December |
Isn't it true that they are all carbon copies? This is convenient because when determining the time of year, you can easily navigate in any country. Learning the names of the months is considered one of the easiest foreign language lessons to learn.
But what explains this similarity?
Everything is very simple: all names are based on the ancient Roman calendar. The ancient Romans, in turn, named the months in honor of their gods, rulers, important events and religious holidays.
However, there is one peculiarity: the entire calendar year, depending on the origin of the names of the months, can be divided into two parts. One is dedicated to holidays and gods, and for some reason the second was simply called by number. But first things first.
To understand in more detail, you need to remember the “calendar” history.
WHO GAVE THE NAMES TO THE MONTHS?
In ancient times, chronology was carried out according to a 10-month calendar (there were 304 days in a year), and the names of the months coincided with their serial number: first, second, sixth, tenth (or unus duo , tres, quattuor, quinque, sex, septem, octo, novem, decem - in Latin). In the 7th century BC. e. it was decided to reform the calendar to bring it into line with the solar-lunar cycle. This is how 2 more months appeared - January and February, and the year increased to 365 days.
- Research shows that in the 8th century BC. e. The Romans decided to give names to the months. The first was March, named after the god Mars. The ancient Romans considered him their ancestor (the father of Romulus, the founder of Rome), which is why they awarded him such an honor.
- The next month (then the second month) became Aperire, which translated from Latin means “to open,” - in honor of the onset of spring and the appearance of the first shoots.
- The Roman goddess of fertility Maia was given the third month - Maius. At this time, it was customary to make sacrifices in order to gain the favor of the deity and get a good harvest.
- The month of June (the fourth in the old calendar) received its name in honor of Jupiter's wife Juno - the goddess of motherhood (lat. Junius).
- July (Julius) is perhaps the most famous month. Even many schoolchildren know that the Romans dedicated it to their greatest ruler - Emperor Julius Caesar.
- The next month (sixth, or sextus, according to the old calendar) was named in honor of Caesar's successor, Octavian Augustus. To equalize the two great emperors, days were even added to Augustus (the sixth month at that time had 30 days, and the fifth, dedicated to Caesar, had 31). One day in honor of Emperor Augustus was “taken away” from the new month - February. That's why it is the shortest of the year.
From the seventh to the tenth months they retained their usual names: the seventh ( septem/September), eighth ( octo/October), ninth ( novem/November) and tenth ( decem/December). Apparently, the Romans could not come up with something more interesting.
As mentioned, January and February came later. Their names are directly related to religion. January (Januarius) began to be called so in honor of the god Janus. He, as the ancient Romans believed, had two faces. One was facing the future, the second was facing the past (which is symbolic for the first month of the year, isn’t it?). February ( Februum) was named after the rite of cleansing of sins of the same name.
In 45 BC, Julius Caesar decided to celebrate the beginning of the new year on January 1. This is how we got the Julian calendar and everyone’s favorite holiday.
SLAVIC VERSION
If we talk about the Slavic names of the months, then in a number of Slavic languages even now names of Slavic origin are used, and not international Latin ones. Unlike the ancient Romans, our distant ancestors named the calendar months in accordance with natural manifestations.
"Authentic" Slavic names
- January - cutting (the time when the forest is cut or cut, wood is prepared for new buildings);
- February is severe (the month when frosts are severe);
- March - birch tree (the time when the buds on the birch tree begin to swell);
- April - pollen, kviten (time of the beginning of flowering);
- May - grass (grass begins to grow);
- June is a worm. There are 2 versions of the appearance of this name. The first is due to the red color of the blooming flowers, the second is due to the appearance at this time of the larvae of the Cochemil insect, from which the red dye was made;
- July - Lipen (in honor of linden blossom);
- August - sickle (time for the reapers to work, when the harvest is being harvested with a sickle);
- September - Spring. According to one version, the month received its name in honor of the flowering of heather, according to another - in honor of the threshing of grain, which our ancestors called “vreshchi”;
- October - yellow shade (the foliage on the trees is yellow at this time);
- November - leaf fall (the time when trees drop their leaves);
- December - snowfall, breast (at this time snow falls, the ground turns into frozen breasts).
Now you know how the names of 12 months appeared. Which version do you like better - Latin or Slavic?
As We have already learned that the names of the Months are identical in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
We also learned that Julius reformed the Old Roman calendar, radically than Pope Gregory.
January
January got its name in honor of the two-faced Roman god of time, doors and gates Janus (Ianuarius). The name of the month symbolically means “door to the year” (the Latin word for “door” is ianua). Traditionally, the original Roman calendar consisted of 10 months totaling 304 days without winter, which was considered a "monthless" time.
That's how they make you study Roman mythology. Well, you'll have to read it.
Around 713 BC, Romulus's semi-mythical successor, King Numa Pompilius, is said to have added the months January and February to make the calendar equal to the standard lunar year (365 days). Although March was originally the first month of the year in the old Roman calendar, Numa placed January first, although, according to some Roman writers, January became the first month of the year only under the Decemvirs around 450 BC. e. (original sources are contradictory). Be that as it may, we know the names of two consuls who took office on May 1 and March 15 before 153 BC, after which the assumption of office took place on January 1.
February
Etruscan god of the underworld Februus
February - februarius mensis - was the name given by the ancient Romans to the calendar month introduced, according to legend, by Numa Pompilius or Tarquinius the Proud. The oldest (Romulus) calendar, according to which the year was divided into 10 months and consisted of 304 days, did not include this month, as well as January. The calendar reform that followed under Numa (or Tarquinius) was aimed at establishing a solar-lunar year (perhaps a solar-lunar cycle); for which two new months were introduced, January and February, and the month of February, which ended the year, contained 28 days (the only ancient month with an even number of days; the remaining months had an odd number of days, since an odd number, according to the beliefs of the ancient Romans , brought happiness). It is reliably known that at the latest from 153 BC. e. the beginning of the year was moved to January 1, and February took second place in the order of Roman months.
I think we should not forget which calendar is Solar or Lunar, or maybe Solar-Lunar?
The name of the month February comes from the Etruscan god of the underworld Februus, and is associated with the rites of purification (februa, februare, februum), which occurred on the holiday of Lupercalia (February 15 - dies februatus), falling on the full moon according to the old Roman lunar calendar. When, when establishing the solar-lunar cycle, it was necessary to introduce intercalary months, these latter were inserted between February 23 and 24 (with a 4-year cycle - in the second and fourth year). Under Julius Caesar, who introduced a four-year cycle consisting of three years of 365 and one year of 366 days, February of the latter contained 29 days, and February 23 was considered the seventh day of the pre-March calends (a. d. VII Kal. Mart.), February 24 - the sixth previous, and February 25 - the sixth subsequent day of the pre-March calendars (a. d. VI Kal. Mart, posteriorem and priorem). Since there were two of these sixth days of the pre-March calends, a year in which February contained 29 days was called annus bissextus (hence année bissextile, our leap year).
March
The month received its name in honor of the Roman god of war and protection of Mars. In ancient Rome, where the climate was relatively mild, March was the first month of spring, the logical point for the start of the agricultural year, and was considered a favorable time to begin a seasonal military campaign.
The name “March” came to the Russian language from Byzantium. In ancient Rus', until 1492, March was considered the first month; when the year began to be counted from September, until 1699 it was the seventh; and from 1700 - the third. In March, the Russian proletie (“spring”, a word that has now fallen out of book use) began. In Czech, the first day of March is called letnice, and in some Russian dialects it is called novice. In the past, on March 1, Russian peasants' winter leases ended and spring hires began.
April
The name of April probably comes, as the ancients already recognized, from the Latin verb aperire - “to open”, because in this month in Italy spring opened, began, trees and flowers bloomed. This etymology is supported by a comparison with the modern Greek use of the word ἁνοιξις (anoixis) - "opening" for spring. According to another version, the name of the month is derived from the Latin word apricus - “warmed by the sun.”
Since some of the Roman months were named after deities, April was also dedicated to the goddess Venus (Festum Veneris). Since the festival of Fortunae Virilis is held on the first day of the month, it has been suggested that the name of the month Aprilis itself comes from Aphrilis, a reference to the Greek goddess Aphrodite (also Aphros), associated by the Romans with Venus, or from the Etruscan version of the name of this goddess Apru ( Apru). Jacob Grimm proposed the existence of a hypothetical god or hero, Aper or Aprus.
April now has 30 days, but before the reform of Julius Caesar it had only 29. At this time, the longest season dedicated to the gods opened (19 days), during which all judicial institutions did not work in Ancient Rome. In April 65, after the discovery of Piso's conspiracy against the person of Emperor Nero, the frightened Roman Senate announced the renaming of the month of April to “Neronium”; this name was not used after the death of Nero in 68.
The month of May was named after the Greek goddess Maia, who was identified with the Roman fertility goddess Bona Dea (Good Goddess), whose festival fell during this time. On the other hand, the Roman poet Ovid stated that the month of May was named after the maiores or "elders", and that the next month (June) was named after the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88).
June
The Roman poet Ovid in his book “Fasti” offers two options for the etymology of the name of the month. The first version (today the most recognized) derives the name June (mensis Junonis) from the Roman goddess Juno, the wife of Jupiter, combined with the ancient Greek goddess Hera. Juno was the patron of marriage and family life, so it was considered lucky to get married this month. Ovid's second version suggests that the name June is derived from the Latin word iuniores, which means “young people,” as opposed to maiores (“elders”), after whom the previous month of May is supposedly named (Fasti VI.1-88). There is also an opinion that June received the name of Lucius Junius Brutus, the first Roman consul.
July
Initially, the month was called Quintilis (Latin quintus - “five”). Subsequently, it was renamed in 45 BC. e. at the suggestion of Octavian Augustus in honor of his predecessor - the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar, who was born in this month
August
Initially, the month was called “sextile” (from the Latin Sextilis - sixth) and contained 29 days. Julius Caesar, reforming the Roman calendar, added two more days in 45 BC. e., giving it a modern look, 31 days long.
August received its real name in honor of the Roman emperor Octavian Augustus, whose name, in 8 BC. e. The Roman Senate named a month that was especially happy in the life of the emperor. According to the Senatus consultum, which Macrobius quotes, Octavian chose this month for himself because several of his great victories occurred during it, including the conquest of Egypt. A similar honor had been given by the Senate to Julius Caesar even earlier, after whose name the month “quintilius” (from Latin Quintilis - fifth) renamed “July” (Latin Julius).
According to a common legend (introduced by the 13th century scientist Sacrobosco), the “sextile” supposedly initially consisted of 30 days, but Octavian Augustus increased it to 31 days so that it would not be shorter than the month named after Julius Caesar, and in February took away one day, which is why he has only 28 days in normal years. However, there is a lot of evidence refuting this theory. In particular, it does not agree with the length of the seasons given by Varro, who wrote in 37 BC. BC, before the supposed reform of Octavian, the 31-day sextile is recorded in Egyptian papyrus from 24 BC. BC, and the 28-day February is shown in the Fasti Caeretani calendar, which dates back to before 12 BC. e.
September
Got its name from Lat. septem - seven, since it was the seventh month of the old Roman year, which began in March before Caesar's reform.
October
Got its name from Lat. octo - eight.
November
Got its name from Lat. novem - nine.
December
Got its name from Lat. decem - ten. After shifting the beginning of the year to January, it became the twelfth and last month of the year.
Well, now we know why we have 12 Months and why they are called that.
To be continued.......
Let's talk about reforms of the calendar system in Russia, the Russian Empire, etc.
YoIP Lunar Calendar is pleased to tell you about today's lunar phase.
In total, there are eight periods of the moon’s movement, which it passes through during the period from 29.25 to 29.83 Earth days. The generally accepted duration of a complete change of phases of the moon, the synodic month, is considered to be 29 days, 12 hours and 44 minutes.
The phases change in the following sequence: new moon (the moon is not visible), new moon, first quarter, waxing moon, full moon, waning moon, last quarter and old moon.
Scroll to ,
or information.
Today the Moon is in phase: “Waxing Moon”
It's 9 lunar days, the moon is visible at 64%
Moon in the zodiac sign Libra ♎ and the constellation Virgo ♍
Detailed information about the moon phase today
Household moon phase: | |
Astronomical moon phase: | |
Today the moon in the zodiac sign: | ♎ Libra |
Today the moon is in the constellation: | ♍ Virgo |
Today's lunar day: | 9 |
Exact age of the moon: | 8 days, 16 hours and 53 minutes |
Moon visibility: | 64% |
Beginning of the current lunar cycle (new moon): | June 3, 2019 at 13:02 |
The next new moon will be: | July 2, 2019 at 22:17 |
Duration of this lunar cycle: | 29 days, 9 hours and 14 minutes |
The exact time of the full moon of this cycle: | June 17, 2019 at 11:31 |
Exact time of next full moon: | July 17, 2019 at 00:39 |
Further on the page: | |
More to see: |
Moon phases in June 2019 by day.
The phases of the moon are shown for noon of each day in June (12:00 Moscow time, UTC+3)
Date | Moon | Phase | Day | Zodiac | Constellation | Astronomical phase and visibility |
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June 1st | 28 | ♉ Taurus | ♈ Aries | 5% of the moon's disk is visible |
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2 June | 29 | ♉ Taurus | ♉ Taurus | Waning moon in the fourth quarter 1% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 3 | 30 | ♊ Gemini | ♉ Taurus | Waning moon in the fourth quarter The moon's disk is not visible |
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June 4 | 2 | ♊ Gemini | ♉ Taurus | 1% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 5 | 3 | ♋ Cancer | ♊ Gemini | Waxing moon in the first quarter 5% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 6 | 4 | ♋ Cancer | ♊ Gemini | Waxing moon in the first quarter 11% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 7 | 5 | ♌ Leo | ♋ Cancer | Waxing moon in the first quarter 19% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 8 | 6 | ♌ Leo | ♌ Leo | Waxing moon in the first quarter 29% of the moon's disk is visible |
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the 9th of June | 7 | ♍ Virgo | ♌ Leo | Waxing moon in the first quarter 40% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 10th | 8 | ♍ Virgo | ♌ Leo | Waxing moon in the second quarter 52% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 11 | 9 | ♎ Libra | ♍ Virgo | Waxing moon in the second quarter 63% of the moon's disk is visible |
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12 June | 10 | ♎ Libra | ♍ Virgo | Waxing moon in the second quarter 73% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 13 | 11 | ♏ Scorpio | ♍ Virgo | Waxing moon in the second quarter 83% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 14 | 12 | ♏ Scorpio | ♎ Libra | Waxing moon in the second quarter 90% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 15 | 13 | ♏ Scorpio | ♎ Libra | Waxing moon in the second quarter 96% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 16 | 14 | ♐ Sagittarius | ⛎ Ophiuchus | Waxing moon in the second quarter 99% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 17 | 15 | ♐ Sagittarius | ♐ Sagittarius | 100% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 18 | 16 | ♑ Capricorn | ♐ Sagittarius | Waning moon in the third quarter 99% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 19 | 17 | ♑ Capricorn | ♐ Sagittarius | Waning moon in the third quarter 96% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 20 | 18 | ♒ Aquarius | ♑ Capricorn | Waning moon in the third quarter 91% of the moon's disk is visible |
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21st of June | 19 | ♒ Aquarius | ♑ Capricorn | Waning moon in the third quarter 85% of the moon's disk is visible |
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22nd of June | 20 | ♒ Aquarius | ♒ Aquarius | Waning moon in the third quarter 77% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 23 | 21 | ♓ Pisces | ♒ Aquarius | Waning moon in the third quarter 69% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 24 | 22 | ♓ Pisces | ♒ Aquarius | Waning moon in the third quarter 60% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 25 | 23 | ♈ Aries | ♓ Pisces | Waning moon in the third quarter 50% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 26 | 24 | ♈ Aries | ♓ Pisces | Waning moon in the fourth quarter 41% of the moon's disk is visible |
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27th of June | 24 | ♈ Aries | ♓ Pisces | Waning moon in the fourth quarter 31% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 28 | 25 | ♉ Taurus | ♈ Aries | Waning moon in the fourth quarter 22% of the moon's disk is visible |
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June 29 | 26 | ♉ Taurus | ♉ Taurus | Waning moon in the fourth quarter 14% of the moon's disk is visible |
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30 June | 27 | ♊ Gemini | ♉ Taurus | Waning moon in the fourth quarter 8% of the moon's disk is visible |
What zodiac sign is the moon in today?
Now the moon is in the sign ♎ Libra and the constellation ♍ Virgo.
Moon in zodiac sign or constellation?
Expression "Moon in the zodiac sign", for example, in the sign "Pisces", implies its astrological position within the boundaries of the zodiac sign. The zodiac sign is one twelfth of the ecliptic, which is 30°. Belongs to the tropical zodiac.
Expression "Moon in the constellation", for example, in the constellation "Aquarius", implies its astronomical position within the boundaries of the constellation. The boundaries of the constellations have different shapes, and the moon is there for different times. Constellations belong to the astronomical zodiac.
This difference arose due to the precession of the earth's axis and the associated shift of the vernal equinox point back by about one sign over 2000 years. Therefore, you can often hear the following clarification: “The Moon is in the sign of Pisces and the constellation Aquarius.” In addition, in the astronomical interpretation, the thirteenth constellation “Ophiuchus” is added to the twelve constellations consonant with the signs of the zodiac. You can read more about the dates of intersection of astronomical and astrological signs of the zodiac on the page.
What phase is the moon in today?
Now the moon is in the “Waxing Moon in the second quarter” phase
What are the phases of the moon?
There are everyday and astronomical phases of the moon. Their names are the same, and the only difference is the duration of the new moon and full moon phases. In everyday life, they each last 2-3 Earth days, until the moon is practically invisible (new moon) or visible almost as a full disk (full moon). But in an astronomical sense, the duration of these phases is less than a second.
The reason for this is that the moon moves around the earth at a speed of about 1023 m/sec, and the full moon and new moon are the moments when the earth, moon and sun line up on the same plane, perpendicular to the direction of the earth's movement around the sun. These moments are very fleeting and if you try to calculate their duration with the accuracy of the coincidence of the positions of the moon, earth and sun to at least one meter, then the duration will be less than 1/1023 of a second.
In our calendar, the duration of the astronomical phases is calculated with an accuracy of one diameter of the moon (about 3476 km), which gives approximately 56.5 minutes.
The duration of the household phases is calculated based on the visibility of the moon's disk being less than 3.12% for the new moon and more than 96.88% for the full moon.
Is the moon waxing or waning now?
How do you know if the moon is waxing or waning today?
You can understand what kind of moon is in the sky now using the mnemonic rule for the northern hemisphere: if the moon looks like the letter “ WITH", that is WITH waning or waning moon. If, by adding a vertical stick to the month, the moon becomes like the letter “ R", then she R fading.
For the southern hemisphere the opposite is true. There they see the moon upside down, so they use musical terms to remember C rescendo (or sign "<„) для растущей луны и D iminuendo (“>” sign) for decreasing.
Near the equator, the moon lies on its side, so both of these options will not be applicable. Instead, they are guided by the time when the “boat” of the moon is visible. If in the evening and in the west, then this is the growing moon following the sun, and if in the morning and in the east, then this is the aging moon. The lunar arch at the equator cannot be seen with the ordinary eye, because... it will always fall during the daytime and the bright light of the sun will make it difficult to see it.
What lunar day is it today?
Now it's 9 lunar days. 16 hours and 53 minutes have passed since the beginning.
Lunar days and lunar days. What is the difference?
Lunar day- this is the period of time that passes from the moment of the new moon until the moon re-crosses the line of the meridian over which the moon was at the moment of the new moon. The first lunar day begins its countdown at the moment when the center of the moon crosses the line connecting the earth and the sun (the moment of the new moon). The second and subsequent days begin when the center of the moon crosses the meridian above which the moment of the new moon occurred in this lunar cycle.
The average length of a lunar day is about 24 Earth hours, 50 minutes and 28 seconds. This happens because the earth and the moon rotate in the same direction and while the earth makes a full revolution, the moon manages to run away from it a little forward and the earth has to turn a little more so that the moon is exactly above the meridian that it was one lunar day ago .
Lunar days are counted from sunrise to sunset of the moon at each specific point on the globe. At the same time, the beginning of the first lunar day occurs like the beginning of the first lunar day at the time of the new moon, and the second and subsequent lunar days are counted from moonrise. The duration of lunar days and their number are different at each point on the globe. The usual number of lunar days is from 29 to 30 per lunar cycle. However, in some places where the moon may not rise or set for several Earth days, the number of lunar days may be much less. This affects the territories beyond the northern and southern polar circles. There you can go for half a year without seeing either the sun or the moon.
June is the first month of summer, it has 30 days. According to one version, June was named after the pagan Roman goddess Juno. She was considered the patroness of marriage, women, and the birth of children. In some cities, people believed that the goddess sent rain to the earth. According to another version, the month got its name from the Latin word “iuniores”, which means “young people”. Some historians believe that the month was named after the famous consul of Rome, Lucius Junius Brutus. People call it differently: multi-colored, svetozar, cherven, grain-bearing, skopid, and so on. In June, active growth of all types of vegetation is observed. Berries and mushrooms slowly appear in the forests this month.
At the beginning of the month, you should start planting seeds of melon plants, and towards the end you should start watering fruit-bearing trees. Since pagan times, June has been considered the solstice of months, during which it is constantly hot. And this is not surprising, because it is in June, or rather on the 22nd, that the summer solstice is observed - the longest day of the year and the shortest night. For Christians, this month is special in that it celebrates Trinity Day and Rusal Week before it. The Roman Catholic Church dedicated the entire month of June to services in honor of the Savior, which are called “the heart of Jesus.”
Folk beliefs, signs, proverbs and sayings of June
People say the following about June:
- June has arrived - rose flowers, there is no end to work.
- In June there is a holiday in the forest: pine and spruce bloom.
- Frequent and dense fogs mean that the year promises a large harvest of mushrooms.
- Frequent thunderstorms mean a rich harvest.
- Like June, so is the hay.
- The lark has made a nest in a hole - this means a dry summer, and if on a hill, then a rainy one.
- A lot of dew in June means a rich harvest.
- Late flowering of rowan means that there will be a long autumn.
Holidays and observances of June
- June 1 is Children's Day. The holiday was established back in 1925 at the Geneva Convention on Children's Welfare.
- June 5 is World Environment Day.
- June 6 is celebrated as Pushkin Day. Many people don’t know, but this is an official holiday established in 1997 by presidential decree.
- On June 11, 1858, St. Isaac's Cathedral was opened to the public, so this date is important to some people.
- June 13, 1891 is the day the construction of a railway line in Siberia with a length of more than 9,000 kilometers began.
- June 22 is a sad day for Russia; it was on June 22, 1941 that the USSR was attacked by German armed forces.
- On June 24, 1945, the first Victory Parade took place.
Summer self-government. Lesson Calendar: names of months
“It’s a good day,” a student in a red robe greeted the students. - My name is Liva Clementi, and as part of the Summer Self-Government, I will teach a lesson “Calendar: names of the months.” I will tell you how this or that month used to be called in Kievan Rus and let’s see where these names came from.
The word “calendar” itself has been known in Russian since the end of the 17th century. Before this, it was called the “month-word.” But no matter what you call it, the goals remain the same - measuring intervals and recording time dates.
The calendar gives us the opportunity to record events in their chronological sequence, helps to foresee the future (what to expect in three months - what weather, holiday, when to plant potatoes and go to barbecue?). allows you not to forget about important dates (for example, the time when you entered school?). and for many other purposes. As you can see, there are benefits on all sides. The periods of time that make up this necessary invention had to be named somehow.
And every nation approached this in its own way, in a popular way. In Greece alone, in its various regions there were different names for the months. For example, the first month in Athens was called Hekatombeon, in Miletus - Panemos, in Delphi - Appelai, etc. In Rome the following names were in use: Januarius, Februarius, Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, December.
Sounds familiar, doesn't it? Many of them migrated to European languages. To this day we call the first month January. British January. Germans Januar. French janvier. Italians gennaio.
But before these titles came to us, others were used in Kievan Rus.
Ancient names of the months:
- January - Prosinets;
These words have a meaning that is more clear to understand. Without looking further, we can at this point assume why they chose this name and not the second one. As we see, the names of the months in Kievan Rus also reflected his “temperament”: if in July the time of suffering was in full swing, then he was named accordingly and no one would have thought of calling him a herbalist or a frowner.
Let's take a closer look:
Zimobor, protalnik, dry, berezozol (March) - the Egyptians, Jews, Moors, Persians, ancient Greeks and Romans began the year with this month; The name March was given to this month by the Romans in honor of the Almighty Mars of war; It was brought to us from Byzantium. The indigenous Slavic-Russian names for this month in the old days in Kievan Rus were different: in the north it was called dry or dry from the spring warmth, drying up all moisture, in the south - berezozol, from the action of the spring sun on the birch, which now begins to fill with sweet sap and let kidneys
Zimobor - conquering winter, opening the way to spring and summer, thawed snow - this month the snow begins to melt, thawed patches and drops appear. The month of March is also often called “flight”, since it begins spring, the harbinger of summer, and together with the following months - April and May - forms the so-called “flight”.
Bresen, pollen, snowgon (April) - April is a Latin word, from the verb aperire, to open, it speaks of the opening of spring. The ancient Russian names for the month of April were: brezen, snowgon - streams run, taking with them the remains of snow, or also - pollen, since just then the first trees begin to bloom, spring blossoms.
Herbalist (May) - Latin name allowed in honor of the goddess Mai; besides this, like many others, it came to us from Byzantium. The Old Russian name for the month of May was herbal, or grass, which reflected the processes taking place in nature now - a riot of herbs. This month was considered the third summer month.
Multi-colored, cherven, isok (June) - the word “juniy” was given to this month in honor of the goddess Juno (think about where it came from;)). In the old days, the native Russian name for the month of June was izok. Izokom was the name given to a grasshopper, of which there was particular abundance this month. The second name of this month is worm, especially used among the Little Russians, from the worm or worm; This is the name given to a special kind of dye worms that are appearing now.
In addition, in the old days the month of June was often popularly called Kresnik - from the cross (fire), and at the same time from the day of John the Baptist (Ivan Kupala).
Stradnik, Cherven, Lipets (July) – “Iuliy”, a name allowed in honor of Julius
Caesar, of course, has Roman roots. In our old days, it was called, like June, - cherven - from fruits and berries, which, ripening in July, are distinguished by a special reddishness (scarlet, red). This month is also called Lipets - from the linden tree, which is usually in full bloom at this time.
July is also called the “crown of summer”, since it is considered the last month of summer, or also a “sufferer” - from hard summer work, a “thunderstorm” - from strong thunderstorms.
Stubble, dawn, sickle (August) - like the last, this month was named after the Roman emperor - Augustus. The indigenous Old Russian names of the month were different. In the north it was called “glow” - from the radiance of lightning; in the south, “serpen” comes from a sickle used to remove grain from the fields. Quite often this month is given the name “zorniknik”, in which one cannot help but see a change from the old name “glow”.
The name “stubble”, I think, would be unnecessary to explain.
Veresen, Khmuren, Ruin (September) - “September”, the ninth month of the year, was the seventh among the Romans, which is why it was named (from septem). In the old days, the original Russian name for the month was “ruin”, from the roar of autumn winds and animals, especially deer. He took the name “gloomy” due to his weather differences from the others - the sky begins to frown quite often, it rains, autumn is coming in nature.
Leaf fall (October) – “October” is the tenth month of the year; among the Romans it was the eighth, which is why it was named (octo - eight); among our ancestors it is known as “leaf fall”, from the autumn fall of leaves, or “pusdernik” - from puzderi, bonfire, since flax, hemp, and habits begin to crush in this month. Otherwise - a “dirty man”, from the autumn rains that cause dirt and bad weather, or a “wedding man” - from weddings, which are now celebrated in peasant life.
Gruden (November) - “Noemvriem” (from afar) we call the eleventh month of the year, but among the Romans it was the ninth, which is why it was called (nover - nine). In the old days, this month was actually called the breast or chest month, from the piles of frozen soil with snow, since by and large in the ancient Russian language the winter frozen road was called the chest method.
Jelly (December) - “december” (lat. december) is our name for the 12th month of the year; among the Romans it was tenth, which is why it was called (decem - ten). Our ancestors called it “jelly”, or cold, because of the cold and frosts common at that time.
Prosinets (January) - it was named so due to the fact that it was dedicated by the ancient Romans to Janus, the Almighty of the world. In our old days, it was called “prosinets”, as it is believed, from the blueness of the sky now beginning to appear, the radiance, from the intensification, with the addition of day, of sunlight. By the way, take a closer look at the January sky - it lives up to its name.
The Little Russian name for January “sochen” (the students perked up when they heard the tasty word) indicates either the turning point of winter, which, according to popular belief, happens exactly in January, the cutting of winter into two halves, or bitter, bitter frosts. In Kievan Rus, the month of January was originally the eleventh month, because March was considered the first, while when the year began to be counted from September, January became the fifth; finally, since 1700, since the change made in the domestic calendar by Peter the Great, this month became the first.
And finally - snezhen, sechen, bokogrey (February) - February was the last month of the year for the Romans and was named after Febra, the ancient Italian god to whom it was dedicated. The indigenous Slavic-Russian names for this month were: “sechen” (it has a common name with January) or “snezhen”, possibly from snowy time. In Little Russia since the 15th century. following the imitation of the Poles, the month of February began to be called “fierce”; The villagers of the northern and middle Russian provinces still call him “side warmer,” since then the cattle came out of the barns and warmed their sides in the sun, and the owners themselves warmed their sides at the stove.
Having looked at all the titles, it’s hard not to notice that the month had the opportunity to take its own name in honor of some outstanding historical figure, a holiday that was celebrated in it, highlights of its own “character”, after the name of deities... the choice is enormous.
“So,” Liva said cheerfully. - With this, the domestic lesson has come to an end... Whoa? Colloportus! – wave his wand towards the door. - What about homework?
Homework:
1. Why do we need to know the past titles of the months? Could this be needed somewhere? Your thoughts on the matter.
2. Create your own calendar and explain why you chose these titles for the months.
3. There are various calendars: Julian, Gregorian, Chinese, Muslim, solar, lunar... But what specific methods are there for calculating the months that we have just talked about so much?
- Repertus! Have a great day :)
High score for homework - 10 points. You can send homework via LD or by owl
Source: magomir.ru
What is the month like? Adkazvayutsya menchuki | What month is it? Minsk residents answer
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