Devil's advocate expression. What's happened
Due to origin catholic church. Its laws establish that before canonizing a saint, it is necessary to know for sure whether he is worthy. To determine the possibility of declaring a martyr a saint in the Middle Ages, a debate was arranged between a priest, pointing out his good deeds, and another church minister, listing his sins. The second priest was called “the devil’s advocate or defender” (advocatus diaboli)
History of canonization
Canonization is the canonization of a saint followed by veneration.
It has existed since the early Middle Ages. The establishment of the cult of saints was preceded by the work of church authorities to prevent and eliminate dubious cults. Already in the 5th century, the Roman bishops, in order to prevent the appearance of suspicious saints, among whom there could even be heretics, and the resulting misunderstanding between the church and the people, took the trouble to give permission for canonization themselves. The Church of the Frankish Kingdom took similar actions.
Since the 10th century, individual bishops, in order to give the cult of saints greater authority and to promote its spread beyond the borders of their dioceses, began to seek approval from the Roman see. From that time on, canonization arose in the sense in which it is currently given. In most cases, the pope could not have information relating to the person whose cult was in question; therefore, there was a need for the necessary information to be presented and discussed from the point of view of the possibility of establishing the cult of a given person as a saint. This is how the preparatory part of the act of canonization developed, including disputes in which the so-called “devil’s advocate” took part.
The first canonization by Pope John XV occurred in 993. Ulrich, Bishop of Augsburg, was canonized
The film The Devil's Advocate (original title The Devil's Advocate) was directed by Taylor Hackford in 1997. Written by Jonathan Lemkin, Tony Gilroy, Andrew Neiderman. The film runs 144 minutes. / 02:24. Movie slogan: "Evil has its own path to victory"
- Initially, the film was planned to include much more special effects, making it a blockbuster. But Al Pacino managed to refuse such a project five times. After Taylor Hackford rewrote the script with the help of several people, he offered it to Pacino again. The actor liked the new version of the script, but he thought that he would not be able to portray Milton adequately and suggested giving the role to Robert Redford or Sean Connery.
- The film was originally supposed to be directed by Joel Schumacher. And the role of Kevin Lomax was to be played by Brad Pitt.
- Taylor Hackford was initially reluctant to cast Charlize Theron as Mary because he thought she was too beautiful for the role.
- In the scene when Lomax and Milton are walking through the market, a man can be seen carrying a box behind them. The box says "Illuminated by a Halo."
- The Devil's Advocate (lat. advocatus diaboli) is the unofficial name of the office of the institution of canonization and beatification in the Catholic Church. Officially, this position was called “strengthener of faith” (lat. promotor fidei). It was introduced in 1587 by Pope Sixtus V and officially abolished in 1983 by Pope John Paul II. The function of the devil's advocate was to collect all possible arguments that could prevent the canonization or beatification of the righteous, which could only take place if the strengthener of the faith did not find arguments of sufficient importance to cancel the procedure. Until 1983, no act of canonization or beatification could be considered legal unless a devil's advocate was present during the act.
- After the film's release, sculptor Frederick Hart sued Warner Brothers on the grounds that a large sculptural panel on the wall of John Milton's penthouse was an exact copy of his work Ex Nihilo, located at the entrance to the Washington Palace. Cathedral Episcopal Church USA. In February 1998, as part of a legal settlement, the company agreed to pay the sculptor royalties for the 475,000 copies of the painting already produced, and in the remaining copies, this sculpture was to be removed from the film (despite the fact that it is a panel that came to life in the finale, visible behind the whole film lasts almost 20 minutes, fits very harmoniously into the structure of the picture).
- This was the debut of Danish woman Connie Nielsen in American cinema.
- The film is based on the novel “Devil's Advocate” by Andrew Neiderman (1990).
- Keanu Reeves refused part of the fee for the film in order to ensure the participation of Al Pacino in it.
- Keanu Reeves' place could have gone to Edward Norton or John Cusack.
- When Lomax is in Milton's office at the end of the film, he says, "It is better to rule in hell than to serve in heaven." The phrase is taken from John Milton's epic poem " Lost heaven».
- Connie Nielsen's character speaks in Italian in all versions of the film except the Italian one. She speaks Spanish there. It’s interesting that the actress’s native language is Danish.
- The scenes in John Milton's office, overlooking the outdoor terrace and a bird's-eye view of New York City, were actually filmed on top of a skyscraper: the set was equipped on the 50th floor of the Continental Tower building, located at 8 Wall Street in Manhattan. feet from the edge. Thus, outside the window we see a completely real panorama of New York, and not a computer drawing.
- The boxing match that Milton and Lomax attend is not actually a staged scene, but a world championship boxing match. The meeting took place on October 4, 1996 in New York. Roy Jones Jr., IBF super middleweight champion, fought in the ring against Bryant Brannon. The champion won in the second round.
- To delve deeper into her character, Charlize Theron spent an hour a day for three months visiting a therapist. Thus, she was "practicing schizophrenia."
- The song played during the credits (Rolling Stones - Paint It Black) was not included on the official soundtrack.
- The hero John Milton was named after the author of the classic Paradise Lost, which tells the story of fallen man.
And the beatification of the Catholic Church. Officially this position was called faith strengthener(lat. promoter fidei). It was introduced in the year by Pope Sixtus V and officially abolished by John Paul II. Term advocatus diaboli more accurately translated into Russian as devil's advocate.
In addition (probably in connection with the film of the same name), often devil's advocate called a lawyer who defends a criminal who has committed heinous crimes and, in the opinion of society, deserves the most severe punishment.
Literature
- N. I. Kondakov, Logical dictionary-reference book, 2nd ed., M.: “Nauka”, 1975, P. 17.
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2010.
From Latin: Advocatus diaboli (advocatus diaboli). From medieval Latin. The primary source is the procedure of canonization, that is, the canonization of one or another righteous person, which in the Roman Catholic Church took place in the form of a dispute between... ... Dictionary of popular words and expressions
- (The Devil's Advocate), USA, Warner Bros., 1997, 138 min. Thriller based on the novel by Andrew Neiderman. A young, ambitious lawyer from Florida, Kevin Lomax (Keanu Reeves (see REEVES Keanu)) masterfully handles criminal cases in court. The jury invariably... ... Encyclopedia of Cinema
Devil's Advocate- a) wing relay sl. The canonization of a new saint in the Catholic Church was carried out in the form of a dispute. One of the participants in the dispute (“God’s advocate”) extolled the virtues of the person being canonized, the other (“Devil’s Advocate”) expressed his objections. IN… … Universal additional practical Dictionary I. Mostitsky
Devil's Advocate- book. iron. about a person who loves to use foul language at someone, who tries to find faults in good things. This expression dates back to the Middle Ages. The Latin words advocatus diaboli were used to describe a participant in a theological debate who, in a dispute... ... Phraseology Guide
- (lat. advocatus diaboli) is the unofficial name of the position of the institution of canonization of the Catholic Church. Officially, this position was called strengthener of faith (lat. promotor fidei). It was introduced in 1587 by Pope Sixtus V and officially abolished... Catholic Encyclopedia
"Devil's Advocate"- this is the name given to a participant in a conversation, argument, discussion who most often expresses judgments that negatively characterize phenomena, rejects their positive qualities, and also actively uses facts that predispose to a negative resolution... ... Fundamentals of spiritual culture (teacher's encyclopedic dictionary)
1. Book. Iron. About a person who loves to use foul language in someone's life. address, trying to find flaws in good things. BMS 1998, 20. 2. Jarg. business A person who is not an expert, but knows how to think critically about other people’s ideas when developing new ones... ... Large dictionary of Russian sayings
Devil's Advocate- - such a participant in a dispute, discussion, discussion who expresses arguments characterizing only the negative aspects of the problem under discussion, looks for facts that reject a positive solution to the problem, without stopping to... ... encyclopedic Dictionary in psychology and pedagogy
Devil's Advocate- such a participant in a dispute, discussion, discussion who expresses arguments characterizing only the negative aspects of the problem under discussion, looks for facts that reject a positive solution to the problem, without stopping to... ... Culture of speech communication: Ethics. Pragmatics. Psychology
Devil's Advocate is also the name of an ecclesiastical office in the Catholic Church. Devil's Advocate ... Wikipedia